1030s

Millennium:	2nd millennium
Centuries:	10th century – 11th century – 12th century
Decades:	1000s 1010s 1020s – 1030s – 1040s 1050s 1060s
Years:	1030 1031 1032 1033 1034 1035 1036 1037 1038 1039
1030s-related categories:	Births – Deaths – By country Establishments – Disestablishments

Events

Contents: 1030 1031 1032 1033 1034 1035 1036 1037 1038 1039

1030

By place

Europe

• June – Stephen I of Hungary forces the invading armies of the Holy Roman Empire led by Conrad II to retreat back to Germany.
• July 29 – Battle of Stiklestad (Norway): Olaf II of Norway loses to his pagan vassals and is killed in the battle. He is later canonized and becomes the patron saint of Norway and Rex perpetuum Norvegiae ('the eternal king of Norway').
• The city of Kaunas in Lithuania is founded.
• First mention of Tartu, Estonia, as Yaroslav the Wise of Novgorod and Kiev raids the Estonian fortress of Tarbatu and founds a fort named Yuryev.
• Earliest mention of Thalwil, Switzerland.
• Henry I of France revolts against his father Robert.

Asia

• The Song Dynasty Chinese historian and scholar Ouyang Xiu obtains his jinshi degree at the age of only 22 by passing the highest level examinations in the country (his third attempt), leading him into a distinguished path as a scholar-official.
• Byzantine Emperor Romanus III invades Syria and is defeated at the Battle of Azaz.
• Masud seizes the throne of the Ghaznavid Empire after the death of his father Mahmud.

1031

By place

Europe

• July 20 – Henry I becomes sole King of France on the death of his father Robert II.
• The Ummayyad Caliphate of Córdoba collapses.
• Bezprym seizes the throne of Poland from Mieszko II.
• France suffers from a famine (until 1033).^[1]

Middle East

• Byzantine general George Maniaces captures Edessa.

1032

By place

Europe

• October 21 – Benedict IX succeeds John XIX, as the 145th pope while (probably) still in his teens.
• The city of Kursk is mentioned for first time.

1033

By place

Europe

• February 2 – Conrad II, Holy Roman Emperor, becomes King of Burgundy.
• Panic spreads throughout Europe that the end of the universe may be near, on the supposed 1,000th anniversary of the crucifixion of Christ, due to some unusually harsh spring weather. The Book of Revelation predicts the end of the earth after a 1000 year period.^[2]

1034

By place

Byzantine Empire

• April 11 – Empress Zoe of Byzantium marries her chamberlain and elevates him to the throne of the Eastern Roman Empire as Michael IV.

Europe

• November 25 – King Malcolm II of Scotland dies in battle at Glamis. He is succeeded by Duncan, son of his second daughter, rather than Macbeth, son of his eldest.
• Franche-Comté becomes subject to the Holy Roman Empire.
• In al-Andalus, benefiting from the weakening of the Muslim central authority, the count of Portugal, Gonçalo Maia, conquers Montemor-o-Velho.

Asia

• The heir to the displaced Balhae kings revolts against the Liao dynasty, and flees to Goryeo when defeated.

Africa

• The Pisans take Annaba on the Maghribi coast and occupy the city for one year.^[3]

1035

By place

Europe

• Pisa launches a naval assault against the Saracen pirates strongholds in the Lipari Islands.^[4]
• Harald I becomes king of England.
• Harthacanute becomes king of Denmark.
• Magnus I becomes king of Norway.
• William II (the future William I of England) becomes duke of Normandy.
• Construction on the cathedral of Saint Sabino begins in Bari.
• Koper is awarded town rights.
• The first Freimarkt festival is held in Bremen.

1036

By place

Europe

• A Zirid attack in Sicily takes Palermo from the Normans but fails fully to reconquer the island.^[5]
• February 5 – Edward the Confessor's younger brother Alfred Aetheling is blinded and murdered in an apparent attempt to seize the throne of England from Harold I.

China

• The Tangut script is devised by Yeli Renrong for Emperor Jingzong of Western Xia.^[6]

Japan

• Emperor Go-Suzaku ascends the throne of Japan.

By topic

Religion

• Pope Benedict IX is briefly forced out of Rome but returns with the help of Conrad II, Holy Roman Emperor.
• First appearance of the Flower Sermon in Buddhist literature

1037

By place

Europe

• Construction of the Saint Sophia Cathedral in Kiev is ended.
• Ferdinand I becomes the king of Castile and Leon.
• Harold I seizes the crown of England from his half-brother Harthacanute.
• George Maniaces begins a campaign against the Arabs in Sicily.

Asia

• The Song Dynasty Chinese rime dictionary of the Jiyun is published.
• Seljuq dynasty starts.

1038

By place

Europe

• The name of Versailles, then a small village, appears for the first time in a Medieval charter in France.
• In the Muslim kingdom of Zaragoza, the ruling Banu Tujibi clan is deposed by Suleiman Al-Mustain I ibn Hud who starts the Huddid dynasty which rules over the region for a century (possibly 1039).^[7]

Asia

• The Western Xia declare their independence from Liao China.

1039

By place

Europe

• June 4 – Henry III becomes King of Germany.
• The Abbey of Bec is founded.
• Bretislav I of Bohemia invades Poland.

Significant people

• Godwin, Earl of Wessex

References

1. Moriceau, Jean-Marc (2011) L'Homme contre le loup. Une guerre de deux mille ans, Paris, Fayard.
2. Revelation Chapter 20
3. Meynier, Gilbert (2010). L'Algérie cœur du Maghreb classique: De l'ouverture islamo-arabe au repli (658-1518). Paris: La Découverte. p. 50.
4. Benvenuti, Gino (1985). Le Repubbliche Marinare. Amalfi, Pisa, Genova e Venezia. Rome: Newton & Compton Editori. p. 42. ISBN 88-8289-529-7.
5. Meynier, Gilbert (2010). L'Algérie, cœur du Maghreb classique: De l'ouverture islamo-arabe au repli (658-1518). Paris: La Découverte. p. 50.
6. History of Song (1346).
7. Stalls, Clay (1995). Possessing the land: Aragon's expansion into Islam's Ebro frontier under Alfonso the Battler, 1104-1134. Brill. p. viii. ISBN 90-04-10367-8.