1923 in Germany
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Other events of 1923 List of years in Germany | ||||
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Events in the year 1923 in Germany.
Incumbents
National level
- Wilhelm Cuno (Non-partisan) to 12 August, then from 13 August Gustav Stresemann (German People's Party) to 30 November, then Wilhelm Marx (1st term) (Centre)
Events
- 11 January - French and Belgian troops enter the Ruhr in the Occupation of the Ruhr because of Germany’s refusal to pay war reparations, causing strikes and a severe economic crisis.
- 20 April - Julius Streicher's antisemitic newspaper Der Stürmer begins publication.
- 15 September - Germany's bank rate is raised to 90% due to hyperinflation. See 1920s German inflation.
- 26 September - Chancellor Gustav Stresemann calls for an end to passive resistance and protests by Germans against the French and Belgian Occupation of the Ruhr.
- 26 September - The German government declares a state of emergency under Article 48 of the German Weimar Constitution. It will last until February 1924.
- 21 October - A separatist government is formed in the Rhineland Palatinate and is quickly recognized by the French government.
- 9 November - Members of the National Socialist German Workers Party (Nazis), led by Adolf Hitler, fail in a coup attempt to overthrow the Bavarian government in Munich, Germany which is later known as the Munich Putsch or Beer Hall Putsch.
- 15 November - The value of the German Papiermark falls to 4.2×1012 mark to the United States dollar causing the German government to issue the Rentenmark as a replacement for the Papiermark to alleviate the hyperinflation in the Weimar Republic.
- 23 November - Gustav Stresemann resigns as German Chancellor after a vote of no confidence from members of the government.
- 1 December - Center Party member Wilhelm Marx forms a new coalition government becoming the new German Chancellor.
- 8 December - Germany signs an economic treaty with the United States.
- 8 December - The Reichstag passes an enabling act empowering the government to take all measures it deems necessary and urgent with regard to the state of emergency.
Popular culture
Arts and literature
- Hermann Oberth publishes Die Rakete zu den Planetenraumen (The Rocket into Interplanetary Space)
Art
Max Beckmann made a self-portrait of himself holding a cigarette. The painting is currently housed at the Museum of Modern Art in New York.
Wassily Kandinsky painted his Composition VIII while he was working at the Bauhaus school of art in Weimar. This completely non-representational work exemplifies his ground-breaking movement toward abstraction.
Births
- 10 March- Hans Riegel, German entrepreneur (died 2013)
- 26 May - Horst Tappert, German actor (died 2008)
- 27 May — Henry A. Kissinger, German-born United States presidential advisor
- 10 September — Uri Avnery, German-born Israeli writer and founder of the Gush Shalom peace movement
- 20 October — Otfried Preußler, German writer (died 2013)
- 4 November - Harry Valérien, German sports journalist (died 2012)
- 5 November — Rudolf Augstein, German journalist (died 2002)
- 12 November — Vicco von Bülow, German comedian, humorist, cartoonist, film director, actor and writer (died 2011)
- 22 November — Hanna Maron, German-born Israeli actress
- 15 December — Uzi Gal, German-born Israeli gun designer, best remembered as the designer and namesake of the Uzi submachine gun (died 2002)
- 25 December — Sonia Olschanezky, German-born French Jewish World War II heroine (executed by German) (died 1944)
Deaths
- 1 February - Ernst Troeltsch, theologian and philosopher (born 1865)
- 10 February - Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen, physicist (born 1845)
- 9 November — Theodor von der Pfordten, so-called "Nazi martyr" (born 1873)
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