1981 in chess
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The major chess events of 1981 were the final match of the Candidates Tournament and the Karpov-Korchnoi World Chess Championship match.
Candidates Tournament Final
The final of the Candidates Tournament 1980–81 was held from December 1980 to January 1981, all earlier rounds having been held in 1980. The winner of the tournament would gain the right from FIDE to challenge the reigning champion, 
GM Anatoly Karpov (Soviet Union), to a match for the title of World Chess Champion. The finalists were 
GM Viktor Korchnoi (Switzerland) and 
GM Robert Hübner (West Germany), who had qualified for the final through an 8-player match knockout tournament. The other players of the tournament were 
GM András Adorján (Hungary), GM Tigran Petrosian (Soviet Union), GM Lev Polugaevsky (Soviet Union), GM Lajos Portisch (Hungary), 
GM Boris Spassky (France) and GM Mikhail Tal (Soviet Union). Tal, Petrosian and Spassky were former World Champions. The format of the final was a 16-game match. Hübner resigned the match after completing games 1 - 8 and partially playing, adjourning and then abandoning unfinished games 9 and 11. This made Korchnoi the winner of the Candidates Tournament. Korchnoi had 4½ points to Hübner's 3½; Korchnoi had won 3 games, lost 2 games and drawn 9 games.
World Chess Championship match
The World Chess Championship 1981 was a match contested between the defending World Champion, Karpov; and the challenger, Korchnoi. The first player to gain 6 wins would be awarded the title of World Chess Champion. The match was held in Merano, Italy. Anatoly Karpov had been FIDE's recognized World Champion since 1975, when he was awarded the title by FIDE without a match against previous World Champion 
GM Bobby Fischer (United States). Karpov and Korchnoi had both played only one World Chess Championship match prior to 1981, a very close match against one another in 1978 which was won by Karpov (+6 -5 =21).
Karpov, over 18 games, gained the required 6 wins to retain his title. Karpov won 6 games, lost 2 games and drew 10 games. Due to the decisiveness of the match, it was dubbed "the Massacre at Merano".
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | Wins | Total | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Anatoly Karpov (Soviet Union) |
1 | 1 | = | 1 | = | 0 | = | = | 1 | = | = | = | 0 | 1 | = | = | = | 1 | 6 | 11 |
| Viktor Korchnoi (Switzerland) |
0 | 0 | = | 0 | = | 1 | = | = | 0 | = | = | = | 1 | 0 | = | = | = | 0 | 2 | 7 |
Notable international tournaments
The Hoogovens tournament was held as a 13-player single round robin tournament in its customary location of Wijk aan Zee, the Netherlands. 
GM Jan Timman (Netherlands) was the highest Elo-rated participant. The tournament was won jointly by GM Gennadi Sosonko (Netherlands) and Jan Timman, both with 8/12. Sosonko was also the only player to go unbeaten in every game. GM Evgeny Sveshnikov (Soviet Union) and GM Mark Taimanov (Soviet Union) came joint third, both with 7/12.[1]
The Dortmund Sparkassen Chess Meeting was held in its customary location of Dortmund, Germany. It was won by GM Gennady Kuzmin (Soviet Union).
The 21st and final IBM international chess tournament was held in its customary location of Amsterdam, the Netherlands. It was won by Jan Timman for the second time.
The 3rd Linares International Chess Tournament was held in its customary location of Linares, Spain. It was won jointly by Anatoly Karpov and GM Larry Christiansen (United States).
USSR Chess Championship (two editions)
The 48th and 49th USSR Chess Championship tournaments were, respectively, partially and completely held in 1981. The 48th USSR Chess Championship was held from 25 December 1980 - 21st January 1981 in Vilnius, Lithuania and was won jointly by GM Alexander Beliavsky and IM Lev Psakhis, each with 10½/17.
The 49th USSR Chess Championship was held from 27 November - 22 December 1981 in Frunze (now Bishkek), Kyrgyzstan and was won jointly by Psakhis and future World Champion GM Garry Kasparov, each with 12½/17.
Women's World Chess Championship
The Women's World Championship was a match held in Tbilisi, Georgia. Defending champion WGM Maia Chiburdanidze (Soviet Union) was seeded into the final match and successfully defended the title, which she had held since 1978, against WGM Nana Alexandria (Soviet Union).
World Championships exclusive to young players
The World Junior Chess Championship, an Under-20 tournament, was held in Mexico City. It was won by 
Ognjen Cvitan (Yugoslavia).
The World Youth Chess Championship (Boys) Under-16 tournament was held in Embalse, Córdoba, Argentina. It was won by 
Stuart Conquest (England), who was 14 years old.
Elo ratings / rankings
There were two Elo ranking lists by FIDE covering the 1981 player rankings; these lists were published in January and July. Anatoly Karpov was rated world #1 in both lists.
January Top 5:
- 1 : Anatoly Karpov (2690)
- 2=: Lajos Portisch (2650)
- 2=: Viktor Korchnoi (2650)
- 4 : Robert Huebner (2635)
- 5 : Boris Spassky (2635)[2]
July Top 5 (6 players):
- 1 : Anatoly Karpov (2700)
- 2 : Viktor Korchnoi (2695)
- 3 : Robert Huebner (2640)
- 4=: Jan Timman (2630)
- 4=: Boris Spassky (2630)
- 4=: Garry Kasparov (2630)[3]
References
- ↑ Wijk aan Zee Hoogovens 1981 http://www.chessgames.com/perl/chesscollection?cid=1011755
- ↑ Fide Rating List :: January 1981 http://www.olimpbase.org/Elo/Elo198101e.html
- ↑ Fide Rating List :: July 1981 http://www.olimpbase.org/Elo/Elo198107e.html