2014 Badaun gang rape allegations

2014 Badaun gang rape
Date May 27, 2014 (2014-05-27)
Location Katra Shahadatganj, Badaun, Uttar Pradesh, India
Participants Local villagers
Deaths Two girls
Suspect(s) Up to seven
Accused Pappu Yadav, Awadhesh Yadav and Urvesh Yadav (brothers), initially accused of rape and murder;
Chhatrapal Yadav and Sarvesh Yadav (police constables), were initially accused,[1] however CBI refused to press charges[2]
Charges alleged Gang rape and murder

On 27 May 2014, an alleged gang rape and murder of two teenage girls was reported in the Katra village of Budaun district, Uttar Pradesh, India. It was widely reported in the press in India as well as overseas. After an extensive investigation, CBI concluded that there was no gang rape[3] and suspects were released.

According to reports, in the evening the girls had gone out into a field that was used as a toilet area and did not return. The police were notified, but initially took no action. Villagers searched for the girls throughout the night and they were found the following morning hanging from a tree.[4][5][6]

According to a post-mortem examination conducted earlier, it was reported that the girls had been raped[7] and died from strangulation due to being hanged while still alive.[8][9] However, according to a CBI investigation, no evidence of rape was found, and the initial examination, conducted by physician who had never conducted rape investigations before, was flawed.[10] The girl's family and several activists rejected the CBI report as a cover-up "to avoid international shame and acceptance of the dismal law and order situation".[7][11][12]

The girl's family and others have charged that the local police attempted a cover-up of the incident due to the lower status of the family. Some of the earliest reports claimed that the family belong to a "Dalit" (untouchables) caste, while the alleged perpetrators and the local police officials investigating the crime belong to the Yadav community, a supposedly higher class.[13] Later reports contradicted the report of the victims belonging to the Dalit community. On 6 June, the Indian government began a review of the case and determined that because "a concerted effort of a blame game has taken shape by the officials manning the administration" investigating the case, "it is necessary for the court to monitor the investigation".[14]

The case has gained both national and international attention. In a statement, the humanitarian organization Save the Children India called the attack "part of an alarming trend of brutal violence against those from marginalised communities".[15]

The CBI announced in on 27 November 2014 that they have concluded that the two cousins were not sexually assaulted and murdered as police initially said, but took their own lives.[16][17][18] Through the use of phone records it was established that the older girl was, in fact, having an affair with 20-year-old Pappu Yadav,[19] with whom she had shared about 400 calls.[20]

Incident as initially reported

The two teenage girls were cousins. They went missing on the evening of 26 May, when they went out of their home and were alleged to have been abducted. It was alleged that the girls had gone into the fields because there was no toilet in their home.[4][21]

The parents of the girls immediately reported that the girls were missing, but allegedly their First Information Report was not lodged by the officers. According to some reports, Sohan Lal, father of one and uncle of the other victim, said that he went to the police station at around midnight begging for help in finding the girls, but that the two police officers on duty "mocked him, ripped up his complaint and told him to come back in the morning". Reports of the incident differ. Some reports said that a family relative had seen the abduction and reported the incident to the father of one of the girls. One news source stated that the father said that the family went to the accused's home and the accused admitted to abducting the girls but refused to release them. The father said that a policeman was present in the home at that time. Several hours later the girls' bodies were found hanging from a tree about one kilometre (0.6 mile) from their home. A large number of villagers had gathered at the site to prevent the police from removing the bodies for fear that the police would say that the girls had killed themselves.[5][22][23][24][25][26] The families of the victims have asserted that the police are shielding the attackers,[27] adding that the alleged rapists and the police officers belong to the higher Yadav caste.[21]

Investigation and initial arrests

On 29 May, Badaun's Superintendent of Police Man Singh Chouhan said that a post-mortem had found that the girls were raped and died from hanging, and that DNA samples had been taken to help identify the perpetrators.[4][27] On 1 June, it was reported that three men, Pappu Yadav, Awdesh Yadav, and Urvesh Yadav, had been arrested and that they had confessed to the rape and murder of the girls, while the police continued to search for two additional suspects.[28] Two police officers, Chhatrapal Yadav and Sarvesh Yadav,[21] were charged with criminal conspiracy and discharged over the incident.[29] However Pushpa Lata Pant, the doctor who did the post-mortem acknowledged that she had never done a post-mortem before, but did it because she was ordered. It was done at night, which is generally not permitted.[30]

On 8 June, Ultar Pradesh Director General of Police A. L. Banerjee said, " According to the postmortem report of the deceased, one of the girls was not raped and it appears to be a case of honour killing. We are probing the matter". Speaking to the press on that date, state chief secretary Alok Ranjan stated, "Rape is a trivial incident and it should not be blown out of proportion by the media. The media should also look into the incidents where people have been falsely implicated in such cases."[31] Speaking to the press on 12 June, Banerjee said that the girls were strangulated before death, and that there is a possibility that the accused could be innocent.[32] According to Banerjee, the death of one of the girls may be related to property inheritance issues within the family: "Of the two victims, one was the lone child of her parents. Her father is one of three brothers with limited resources and if she was not alive, it could benefit others".[32][33] The father of one of the girls responded saying, “We always knew the police was biased... They are trying to frame our family to save the accused who are all Yadavs. We will leave the village and go to Delhi to fight for justice".[34]

Gang rape allegations found false by CBI investigation

On 6 June, a Special Investigation Team (SIT) was set up by the government to probe the incident. The team visited the village and met with witnesses.[35]

On 12 June, the Central Bureau of Investigation (CBI) began an investigation and registered a First information report of the case.[36]

On 8 July, a second autopsy of the girls bodies was ordered by the CBI.[37][38] On 15 July, several news sources reported that the CBI is investigating "alleged inconsistencies" in the statements made by the families of the girls. Reportedly the CBI has recovered the slippers of the older girl which "are being seen as crucial evidence in the investigation into their death". According to the reports, "the family had allegedly withheld information on the whereabouts of a cellphone belonging to the older girl and about 20 days ago, gave it to the CBI in broken condition".[39]

The CBI has administered polygraph tests to both family members and the accused.[40] The polygraph tests determined that the five accused had been telling the truth.[41] However the chief witness Nazru alias Babburam failed the polygraph test.[42]

On 17 July, the CBI confirmed that it would exhume the bodies of the two victims on the 20th, subject to receiving the required approval from a court, based on a recommendation from the medical board of the All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS) to conduct another post mortem examination and continue with further investigation.[43] However, on 20 July it was reported that the rising levels of water in the Ganges had flooded the graves resulting in the bodies not being found, thus making exhumation impossible.[44] The CBI will instead use a DNA analysis of the girls' personal belongings and of the vaginal swabs taken at the time of their death.[45]

The alleged rape and murder case become murky when the families of the two victims told the CBI that the police FIR was filed on the basis of wrong statements given by Nazru, an uncle of the girls. Eventually, the family as well as Nazru told the CBI that the main accused Pappu, had not taken the two girls at gunpoint but rather fled when he was seen with the girls by Nazru.[46]

If was found that the parents gave Rs 100,000 each to the main eyewitness, Najru, and their third brother, from the Rs 500,000 that they had accepted from the Bahujan Samaj Party.[47]

The mobile phone used by the sisters, was noticed by the CBI investigators from a photograph of the crime scene, seen tucked in the upper garments of the elder sister. A month later, the CBI had asked the family to produce the phone. The family first claimed that the phone has been lost and later provided a damaged mobile phone. The phone was then sent to Gujarat FSL which concluded, "the mobile phone was broken recently and intentionally by applying external force."[48] CBI found that the older girl and the main suspect of the alleged rape/murder had made contact by mobile phone around 300 times since 2013.[49]

On 26 August, a CBI spokesperson announced that they would not be filing a chargesheet against the five accused because forensic tests had ruled out sexual assault. The CBI did not rule out murder saying: However, we have not a given clean chit to anyone. Though rape has been ruled out, murder has not. We are investigating the matter." The father of one of the girls protested the ruling saying that one of the accused had publicly confessed at the time of the incident, that the delay of a second autopsy was postponed till it was impossible due to a rise in the river, and that he had no proof that the clothing used for DNA testing was even that of the girls.[50]

The CBI announced in a news conference on 27 November 2014 that after a five month probe they have concluded that the two cousins were not sexually assaulted and murdered as police initially said, but took their own lives.[16][17][18] According to their investigation, through the use of phone records it was established that the older girl was, in fact, having an affair with 20-year-old Pappy Yadav,[19] with whom she had shared about 400 calls.[20]

The CBI report has been questioned by some local villagers[12] and All India Democratic Women's Association, affiliated with Communist Party of India (Marxist). The Aam Admi Party has claimed that it is a cover-up "to avoid international shame and acceptance of the dismal law and order situation".[51]

Protests and reactions after initial reports

In a statement in response to a PIL filed by an Allahabad NGO, the Allahabad High Court said:

"We find that the law and order situation in the state of Uttar Pradesh has deteriorated. In the past couple of months, crimes against women have increased and this incident, unfortunately, has engaged the attention of the world at large...The administration has taken a back seat and, instead of maintaining the rule of law, a concerted effort of a blame game has taken shape by the officials manning the administration. What would be the shape of the investigation is not known. What is the state of affairs of crimes against women in UP is required to be indicated. The court is conscious of the exercise of its powers and considering the present situation, it is necessary for the court to monitor the investigation.”[52]

On 1 June, hundreds of protesters, mostly women, gathered outside the office of Chief Minister Akhilesh Yadav in Lucknow. The protesters demanded that action be taken to combat the rise in the number of rapes and other violent attacks on women and girls, and protested about the indifference of the police, which they believe encourages attacks on them. Activists and others said it appears that nothing has changed since the December 2012 fatal gang rape of a 23-year-old woman in New Delhi. Police dispersed the crowd with water cannons.[53]

On 11 June, it was reported that a group of women in Ernakulam, Kerala protested the rape by appearing in public with their shoulders and legs bared. The women had wrapped themselves in tri-colour banners to represent the Indian national flag, with anti-rape messages printed on them. A spokesperson for the group said: "We used our bodies to protest against people who are using women's bodies as a political weapon. Without hearing our voices of protests and slogans, without understanding the apolitical climate which is permeating in the society, people are more worried about our bare shoulders and legs. To those people who still think female bodies are the reason for rape, we mock all those people, in the name of those girls who were raped and lynched in Uttar Pradesh." Police arrested the women and charged them with indecent exposure.[54]

Reactions

Chief Minister of Uttar Pradesh, Akhilesh Yadav, drew widespread criticism when he replied to a journalist's question about a sharp rise in rape cases when he replied saying: "It's not as if you faced any danger."[55] Following the rape and murder of the girls a recent comment made by former Chief Minister of Uttar Pradesh Mulayam Singh Yadav, has also been frequently mentioned in the press. At an election rally Yadav had stated that he opposed the death penalty for rapists saying, "Boys will be boys. They make mistakes".[56]

On 2 June, the United Nations issued a statement condemning the gang-rape and murders saying: "There should be justice for families of the two teenage girls ... Violence against women is a human rights issue, not a women's issue. Violence against women is preventable, not inevitable ... The Badaun incident highlights the dangers women in India are exposed to due to lack of toilets".[56] In a statement, Lise Grande, the UN's resident coordinator for India, said, "There should be justice for the families of the two teenage girls and for all the women and girls from lower-caste communities who are targeted and raped in rural India".[57]

On 4 June, Ban Ki-moon condemned the rape case and spoke against the violence against women that is spreading across the world. He also condemned the destructive attitude of "boys will be boys".[58]

The All India Democratic Women's Association condemned the incident and demanded speedy investigation into the crime as well as action against erring police personnel.[59]

Shireen Vakil Miller, of Save the Children India, called the attack "part of an alarming trend of brutal violence against those from marginalised communities".[15]

Caste issues

While some early reports in Hindi and a New York Times article did not identify the victims to be from the Dalit caste,[60][61] they were identified as being Dalit in a Reuter's report by Nita Bhalla on May 29.[62] It was later widely reported that they were Dalit. The central government asked the Uttar Pradesh state government why the stringent clauses of the Scheduled Caste and Scheduled Tribe (Prevention of Atrocities) Act, 1989 (SC/ST) were not applied when the accused were charged with raping and murdering the two girls in Badaun. The state government responded that per the report received from the Badaun district administration, the victims did not belong to SC/ST; they were from the Other Backward Class (OBC) community.[63][64]

Several reports acknowledge that the victims belonged to the community generally known as Shakya (also termed Maurya), while the suspects, as well as the local police officers, belong to the Yadav community.[65] Both castes are classified as OBC in Uttar Pradesh.[66][67]

While the Yadavas are numerically stronger, the Shakyas also have a significant population. It was reported that this may lead to some political implications.[68][69]

See also

References

  1. ↑ "Badaun Gang Rape: Two of the Accused Confess to Crime". Outlook. 1 June 2014. Retrieved 1 June 2014.
  2. ↑ CBI/articleshow/40881698.cms Won’t charge five Badaun accused: CBI, Times News Network, Aug 26, 2014
  3. ↑ CBI rules out gang-rape and murder in death of Badaun girls and concludes cousins committed suicide, By MAIL TODAY BUREAU, 11 December 2014
  4. 1 2 3 Burke, Jason (31 May 2014). "Indian minister criticises lax policing in gang-rape case". theguardian.com. Retrieved 31 May 2014.
  5. 1 2 Bhalla, Nita (29 May 2014). "Teen girls gang-raped and hanged from a tree - police". New Delhi: Reuters. Retrieved May 30, 2014.
  6. ↑ CK, Chandramohan (30 May 2014). "Outrage over gang rape, murder of cousins in U.P. village". Badaun: The Hindu. Retrieved May 30, 2014.
  7. 1 2 http://www.firstpost.com/india/police-are-useless-what-the-probe-flip-flop-in-badaun-girls-deaths-proves-1825969.html
  8. ↑ http://www.dnaindia.com/india/report-postmortem-confirms-rape-of-dalit-sisters-in-patna-1992181
  9. ↑ Chatterjee, Pritha (4 June 2014). "Post mortem says Badaun girls were hanged when they were still alive". Badaun. The Indian Express. Retrieved Jun 6, 2014.
  10. ↑ Sunetra Choudhury and EZoya Anna thomas (19 August 2014). "No Evidence That Badaun Sisters Were Raped, Say CBI Sources". NDTV.
  11. ↑ http://www.aamaadmiparty.org/cbi-badaun-findings-are-shamefully-wrong
  12. 1 2 http://indianexpress.com/article/india/india-others/in-badaun-why-few-are-buying-the-cbis-suicide-story/
  13. ↑ Teen girls gang-raped and hanged from a tree - police BY NITA BHALLA May 29, 2014 -"low-caste Dalit"
  14. ↑ Badaun gangrape case: HC to monitor probe, wants DGP report in 3 weeks | The Indian Express
  15. 1 2 Burke, Jason (31 May 2014). "Indian minister criticises lax policing in gang-rape case". theguardian.com. Retrieved 3 June 2014.
  16. 1 2 Investigation of India girls' hangings finds no evidence of rape, murder, Sugam Pokharel and Katie Hunt, CNN November 27, 2014
  17. 1 2 Badaun girls committed suicide, CBI says after five-month probe, Abhishek Sharan , Hindustan Times New Delhi, November 26, 2014
  18. 1 2 बदायूं कांड में ‘गैरजिम्मदाराना रिपोर्टिंग’ करने वाले माफी मांगें : आजम, November 27, 2014
  19. 1 2 Badaun rape: Girl’s relative under CBI lens Abhishek Sharan, Hindustan Times New Delhi, September 20, 2014
  20. 1 2 Badaun sisters committed suicide, were not raped: CBI, November 27, 2014
  21. 1 2 3 Bhadoria, Sonal (30 May 2014). "India's Shame! Gang-Rape of Dalit Sisters Sparks Global Outrage". indiatimes.com. Retrieved 31 May 2014.
  22. ↑ Sonal Mehrotra. "Badaun Sisters' Rape: 'They Could Have Been Saved if Police Acted', says Family". NDTV.com. Retrieved 2014-05-31.
  23. ↑ "BBC News - Two India girls gang raped and hanged in Uttar Pradesh". Bbc.com. 1970-01-01. Retrieved 2014-05-31.
  24. ↑ Ahilesh Yadav. "2 sisters gang-raped, hanged from tree in Badaun - The Times of India". Timesofindia.indiatimes.com. Retrieved 2014-05-31.
  25. ↑ "Two sisters allegedly gang-raped, hanged from tree in Badaun". Ibtimes.co.in. 2014-02-15. Retrieved 2014-05-31.
  26. ↑ India’s Police Mocked Father of Pre-Teen Raped and Killed - Bloomberg
  27. 1 2 http://uk.reuters.com/article/2014/05/29/uk-india-killings-idUKKBN0E91B220140529
  28. ↑ "Badaun case: Suspects confess to gang-rape and killing of girls". Lucknow. Times of India. 1 June 2014. Retrieved Jun 1, 2014.
  29. ↑ "India gang rapes: Police sacked over hanged girls". BBC. 31 May 2014.
  30. ↑ Post mortem of Badaun rape victims was my first, PTI, Jul 9, 2014
  31. ↑ Lucknow, Rajat Rai (June 8, 2014). "Badaun rape was case of honour killing, claims UP Police". India Today. Retrieved 19 July 2014.
  32. 1 2 CBI registers FIR in Badaun gang-rape case; NCW wants Akhilesh Yadav to resign
  33. ↑ http://india.blogs.nytimes.com/2014/06/10/police-statements-cloud-alleged-rape-and-murder-case-analysts-say/
  34. ↑ Badaun gangrape case: In new turn, DGP says one of the girls may not have been raped | The Indian Express
  35. ↑ "SIT constituted to probe Badaun gangrape, murder". The Indian Express. 7 June 2014. Retrieved Jun 7, 2014.
  36. ↑ "CBI files FIR in Badaun Sisters' Gang Rape Case". IANS. news.biharprabha.com. Retrieved 12 June 2014.
  37. ↑ Banarjee, Biswajeet. "India police order 2nd autopsy of girls gang-raped". AP. Retrieved 10 July 2014.
  38. ↑ Staff, FP. "CBI to exhume Badaun gangrape victims bodies for second autopsy". firstpot.com. First Post. Retrieved 10 July 2014.
  39. ↑ "New Twist in Badaun Case: Did Girls' Families Hold Back Crucial Information?". July 15, 1914. Retrieved 18 July 2014.
  40. ↑ "Police conduct lie detector test on Badaun rape victims parents". India Today. June 24, 2014. Retrieved 18 July 2014.
  41. ↑ Badaun gang-rape accused pass polygraph test, Hindu August 6, 2014
  42. ↑ Prime witness in Badaun ‘rape-murder’ case fails lie detector test, says CBI, PTI, September 17, 2014
  43. ↑ Geeta Gupta, Pritha Chatterjee (18 July 2014). "Exhumation may take place on July 20, says CBI". Badaun / New Delhi: The Indian Express. Retrieved Jul 18, 2014.
  44. ↑ "Badaun rape case: CBI begins exhumation process but fails to locate bodies as water level rises". Badaun: Daily News and Analysis. 20 July 2014. Retrieved Aug 1, 2014.
  45. ↑ "Badaun rape case: CBI to seek DNA test of victims' clothes". July 21, 2014. Retrieved 1 August 2014.
  46. ↑ Badaun killings case turns murkier, victims' families blame relative for false FIR Press Trust of India, IBNLive, Oct 09, 2014
  47. ↑ Girls’ fathers ‘transfer Rs 1 lakh’ each to 2 eyewitnesses’ accounts
  48. ↑ Badaun case: CBI identified victim's phone from crime scene photograph, Rahul Tripathi, New Delhi, December 1, 2014
  49. ↑ Accused spoke to Badaun girl before murder, says CBI sleuth, Abhishek Sharan , Hindustan Times, July 23, 2014
  50. ↑ Hafeez, Sarah (27 August 2014). "Badaun gangrape: Girls' family to challenge CBI conclusion in court". The Indian Express. Retrieved 3 December 2014.
  51. ↑ CBI says girls found hanging from tree in Badaun killed themselves, NITA BHALLA, Reuters Nov 27, 2014
  52. ↑ Badaun gangrape case: HC to monitor probe, wants DGP report in 3 weeks | The Indian Express
  53. ↑ India rape protesters blasted by water cannons - World - CBC News
  54. ↑ Kerala women wrap themselves in banners to protest Badaun gangrape - IBNLive
  55. ↑ India minister says rape 'sometimes right, sometimes wrong' - ASIA
  56. 1 2 Indian gang-rape girl's family say they have been threatened with violence | World news | theguardian.com
  57. ↑ Indian police use water cannon to end gang-rape protest in Lucknow | World news | theguardian.com
  58. ↑ UN chief Ban Ki-moon appalled by Badaun gang-rape case, demands action - The Times of India
  59. ↑ "AIDWA condemns Gang Rape and Murder of 2 Sisters in Budaun District". IANS. news.biharprabha.com. Retrieved 30 May 2014.
  60. ↑ बदायूं सामूहिक दुष्कर्म-हत्या में शामिल सिपाही सहित चार गिरफ्तार Publish Date:Thursday,May 29,2014
  61. ↑ Rapes in India Fuel Charges of Conspiracy by a Caste, GARDINER HARRIS and HARI KUMARMAY 29, 2014
  62. ↑ Teen girls gang-raped and hanged from a tree - police BY NITA BHALLA May 29, 2014
  63. ↑ Victims not Dalits: UP tells MHA, Express News Service, June 3, 2014
  64. ↑ Badaun rape victims did not belong to SC/ST caste: UP govt
  65. ↑ Badaun gang-rape accused enjoy support from police, say villagers
  66. ↑ LIST OF OBC (UP)
  67. ↑ India gang rapes: Bodies of teenage cousins 'to be exhumed' BBC 8 July 2014
  68. ↑ Caste adds another layer to the double rape, murder in Badaun
  69. ↑ बदायूं गैंगरेप के बाद कहीं मुलायम से छिन न जाए मैनपुरी का किला?
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