AMD Radeon Rx 200 series

This article is about the GPU series announced in 2013. For the similarly named series, released in 2001 by ATI, see R200.
AMD Radeon R9/R7/R5 200 Series
Release date Announced: September 25, 2013
Released: October 8, 2013
Codename Southern Islands
Sea Islands
Volcanic Islands
Cards
Entry-level Radeon R5 210
Radeon R5 220
Radeon R5 230
Radeon R5 235
Radeon R5 235X
Mid-range Radeon R7 240
Radeon R7 250
Radeon R7 250X
Radeon R7 260
Radeon R7 260X
Radeon R7 265
High-end Radeon R9 270
Radeon R9 270X
Radeon R9 280
Radeon R9 280X
Radeon R9 285
Enthusiast Radeon R9 290
Radeon R9 290X
Radeon R9 295X2
Rendering support
Direct3D

(GCN only)

OpenCL OpenCL 2.0
OpenGL 4.4, GCN: OpenGL 4.5[1]
Mantle Vulkan 1.0
History
Predecessor Radeon HD 7000 Series
Radeon HD 8000 Series
Successor AMD Radeon Rx 300 Series

The Rx 200 series is a family of GPUs developed by AMD. A "preview" was seen on September 25, 2013.[2][3][4] These GPUs are manufactured on a 28 nm Gate-Last process through TSMC or Common Platform Alliance.[5]

Release

The Rx 200 series was announced on September 25, 2013, at the AMD GPU14 Tech Day event.[6] Non-disclosure agreements were lifted on October 15, except for the R9 290X, and pre-orders opened on October 3.[7]

Architecture

This article is about all products under the AMD Radeon Rx 200 Series brand.

Multi-monitor support

Main article: AMD Eyefinity

The AMD Eyefinity-branded on-die display controllers were introduced in September 2009 in the Radeon HD 5000 Series and have been present in all products since.[8]

AMD TrueAudio

Main article: AMD TrueAudio

AMD TrueAudio was introduced with the AMD Radeon Rx 200 Series, but can only be found on the dies of GCN 2/3 products.

Video acceleration

AMD's SIP core for video acceleration, Unified Video Decoder and Video Coding Engine, are found on all GPUs and supported by AMD Catalyst and by the free and open-source graphics device driver.

Use in cryptocurrency mining

Radeon GPUs once performed better in cryptocurrency mining than their Nvidia GeForce counterparts. This led to limited supply and huge price increases in Q4 of 2013 and Q1 of 2014.[9][10] Since Q2 of 2014 availability of AMD GPUs as well as pricing has, in most cases, returned to normal.

CrossFire Compatibility

Because many of the products in the range are rebadged versions of Radeon HD products, they remain compatible with the original versions when used in CrossFire mode. For example, the Radeon HD 7770 and Radeon R7 250X both use the 'Cape Verde XT' chip so have identical specifications and will work in CrossFire mode. This provides a useful upgrade option for anyone who owns an existing Radeon HD card and has a CrossFire compatible motherboard.

Desktop products

Radeon R9 295X2

The Radeon R9 295X2 was released on April 21, 2014. It is a dual GPU card. Press samples were shipped in a metal case. It is the first reference card to utilize a closed looped liquid cooler.[11][12] At 11.5 teraflops of computing power, the R9 295X2 was the most powerful dual-gpu consumer-oriented card in the world, until it was succeeded by the Radeon Pro Duo on April 26, 2016. It is essentially a combination of two (2) R9 290X Hawai'i GPUs on a single card.[11]

Radeon R9 290X

A R9 290X by Sapphire

The Radeon R9 290X, codename "Hawaii XT", was released on October 24, 2013 and features 2816 Stream Processors, 176 TMUs, 64 ROPs, 512-bit wide buses, 44 CUs (compute units) and 8 ACE units. The R9 290X had a launch price of $549.

Radeon R9 290

The Radeon R9 290 and R9 290X were announced on September 25, 2013.[13][14] The R9 290 is based on AMD's Hawaii Pro chip and R9 290X on Hawaii XT. R9 290 and R9 290X will support AMD TrueAudio, Mantle, Direct3D 11.2, and bridge-free Crossfire technology using XDMA. A limited "Battlefield 4 Edition" pre-order bundle of R9 290X that includes Battlefield 4 was available on October 3, 2013, with reported quantity being 8,000. The R9 290 had a launch price of $399.

Radeon R9 285

The Radeon R9 285 was announced on August 23, 2014 at AMD's 30 years of graphics celebration and released September 2, 2014. It was the first card to feature AMD's GCN 3 microarchitecture, in the form of a Tonga-series GPU.

Radeon R9 280X

Radeon R9 280X was announced on September 25, 2013. With a launch price of $299, it is based on the Tahiti XTL chip, being a slightly upgraded, rebranded Radeon HD 7970 GHz Edition.

Radeon R9 280

Radeon R9 280 was announced on March 4, 2014. With a launch MSRP set at $279, it is based on a rebranded Radeon HD 7950 with an increased clock speed, from 725 MHz to 900 MHz.[15]

Radeon R9 270X

Radeon R9 270X was announced on September 25, 2013. With a launch price of $199, it is based on the Curaçao XT chip, which was formerly called Pitcairn.[16] It is speculated to be faster than a Radeon HD 7870 GHz edition. Radeon R9 270 has a launch price of $179.

Radeon R7 260X

Radeon R7 260X was announced on September 25, 2013. With a launch price of $139, it is based on the Bonaire XTX chip, a faster iteration of Bonaire XT that the Radeon HD 7790 is based on. It will have 2 GB of GDDR5 memory as standard and will also feature TrueAudio, on-chip audio DSP based on Tensilica HiFi EP architecture. The stock card features a boost clock of 1100 MHz. It has 2 Gbs of GDDR5 memory with a 6.5 GHz memory clock over a 128-bit Interface. The 260X will draw around 115 W in typical use.[17][18]

Radeon R7 250

Radeon R7 250 was announced on September 25, 2013. It has a launch price of $89.[17] The card is based on the Oland core with 384 GCN cores. In February 10, 2014, AMD announced the R7 250X which is based on the Cape Verde GPU with 640 GCN cores and an MSRP of $99.[19]

Mobile products

Chipset table

Model Launch Codename Architecture Fab (nm) Transistors (Million) Die Size (mm2) Bus interface Clock rate Core config[lower-alpha 1] Fillrate Memory Processing Power
(GFLOPS)		 TDP (W) API support (version) Release Price (USD)
Core (MHz) Boost (MHz) Memory (MT/s) Pixel (GP/s)[lower-alpha 2] Texture (GT/s)[lower-alpha 3] Size (MiB) Bus width (bit) Bus type Bandwidth (GB/s) Single Precision[lower-alpha 4] Double Precision[lower-alpha 5] Direct3D OpenGL OpenCL[lower-alpha 6] Vulkan
Radeon R5 210 (OEM) Unknown Cedar Terascale 2 40 292 59 PCIe 2.0 ×16 400 Unknown 900 80:8:4 1.6 3.2 256 64 DDR3 7.2 64 N/A 19 11.0 4.4 1.2 N/A Unknown
Radeon R5 220 (OEM) Unknown Caicos PRO-L Terascale 2 40 370 67 PCIe 2.0 ×16 625 650 1066 80:8:4[20] 2.5 5 1024 64 DDR3 8.53 200 N/A 18 11.0[20] 4.4 1.2 N/A Unknown
Radeon R5 230 3 April 2014[21] Caicos Pro Terascale 2 40 370 67 PCIe 2.0 ×16 625[22] N/A 1066 160:8:4 2.5 5 1024
2048		 64 DDR3 8.53 200 N/A 19[23] 11.0[20] 4.4 1.2 N/A Unknown
Radeon R5 235 (OEM) Unknown Caicos XT Terascale 2 40 370 67 PCIe 2.0 ×16 775 Unknown 1800 160:8:4 3.1 6.2 1024 64 DDR3 14.4 248 N/A 35[24] 11.0[20] 4.4 1.2 N/A Unknown
Radeon R5 235X (OEM) Unknown Caicos XT Terascale 2 40 370 67 PCIe 2.1 ×16 875 Unknown 1800 160:8:4 3.5 7.0 1024 64 DDR3 14.4 280 N/A 18 11.0[20] 4.4 1.2 N/A Unknown
Radeon R5 240 (OEM) 1 November 2013[25] Oland GCN 1st gen 28 1040 90 PCIe 3.0 ×8 730 780 1800
?		 320:20:8 5.84 14.6 1024
2048		 128 DDR3
GDDR5		 28.8
?		 467.2
499.2		 Unknown 50 12.0 (11_1)[20] 4.5 1.2[26][27] 1.0 Unknown
Radeon R7 240 8 August 2013 Oland PRO GCN 1st gen 28 1040 90 PCIe 3.0 ×8 730 780 1800
4500		 320:20:8 5.84 14.6 2048 128 DDR3
GDDR5		 28.8
72		 467.2
499.2		 29.2 30 12.0 (11_1)[28] 4.3 1.2 1.0 $69
Radeon R7 250 8 August 2013 Oland XT GCN 1st gen 28 1040 90 PCIe 3.0 ×8 1000 1050 1800
4600		 384:24:8 8 24 1024
2048		 128 DDR3
GDDR5		 73.6 768
806.4		 48 75 12.0 (11_1)[28] 4.3 1.2 1.0 $89
Radeon R7 250E[29] 21 December 2013 Cape Verde PRO GCN 1st gen 28 1500 123 PCIe 3.0 ×16 800 N/A 4500 512:32:16 12.8 25.6 1024
2048		 128 GDDR5 72 819.2 51.2 55 12.0 (11_1) 4.5 1.2 1.0 Unknown
Radeon R7 250X 10 February 2014 Cape Verde XT GCN 1st gen 28 1500 123 PCIe 3.0 ×16 1000 N/A 4500 640:40:16 16 40 1024
2048		 128 GDDR5 72 1280 80 95 12.0 (11_1)[28] 4.3 1.2 1.0 $99
Radeon R7 260 17 December 2013 Bonaire GCN 2nd gen 28 2080 160 PCIe 3.0 ×16 1000 N/A 6000 768:48:16 16 48 1024 128 GDDR5 96 1536 96 95 12.0 (12_0)[28] 4.3 2.0[26][27] 1.0 $109
Radeon R7 260X 8 August 2013 Bonaire XTX GCN 2nd gen 28 2080 160 PCIe 3.0 ×16 1100 N/A 6500 896:56:16 17.6 61.6 1024
2048		 128 GDDR5 104 1971.2 123.2 115 12.0 (12_0)[28] 4.5[30] 2.1[30] 1.0 $139
Radeon R7 265 13 February 2014 Curaçao PRO
(Pitcairn PRO)		 GCN 1st gen 28 2800 212 PCIe 3.0 ×16 900 925 5600 1024:64:32 28.8 57.6 2048 256 GDDR5 179.2 1843.2 115.2 150 12.0 (11_1)[28] 4.3 1.2 1.0 $149
Radeon R9 270 13 November 2013 Curaçao PRO
(Pitcairn XT)		 GCN 1st gen 28 2800 212 PCIe 3.0 ×16 900 925 5600 1280:80:32 28.8 72 2048 256 GDDR5 179.2 2304
2368		 144
148		 150 12.0 (11_1)[31] 4.5 1.2 1.0 $179
Radeon R9 270X 8 August 2013 Curaçao XT
(Pitcairn XT)		 GCN 1st gen 28 2800 212 PCIe 3.0 ×16 1000 1050 5600 1280:80:32 32 80 2048
4096		 256 GDDR5 179.2 2560
2688		 160
168		 180 12.0 (11_1)[31] 4.5 1.2 1.0 $199
Radeon R9 280 4 March 2014 Tahiti PRO GCN 1st gen 28 4313 352 PCIe 3.0 ×16 827 933 5000 1792:112:32 26.5 92.6 3072 384 GDDR5 240 2964
3343.9		 741
836		 250 12.0 (11_1)[31] 4.5 1.2 1.0 $249
Radeon R9 280X 8 August 2013 Tahiti XT2
Tahiti XTL[32]		 GCN 1st gen 28 4313 352 PCIe 3.0 ×16 850 1000 6000 2048:128:32 27.2–32 109–128 3072 384 GDDR5 288 3481.6
4096		 870.4
1024		 250 12.0 (11_1)[31] 4.5 1.2 1.0 $299
Radeon R9 285 2 September 2014 Tonga PRO GCN 3rd gen 28 5000[33] 359[33] PCIe 3.0 ×16 918 N/A 5500 1792:112:32 29.4 102.8 2048 256 GDDR5 176[lower-alpha 7] 3290 206.6[35] 190 12.0 (12_0)[31] 4.5 2.0[26][27] 1.0 $249
Radeon R9 290 5 November 2013 Hawaii PRO GCN 2nd gen 28 6200[36] 438 PCIe 3.0 ×16 up to 947[lower-alpha 8] N/A 5000 2560:160:64 60.608 151.52 4096 512 GDDR5 320 4848.6 606.1 250[38] 12.0 (12_0)[31] 4.5 2.0 1.0 $399
Radeon R9 290X 24 October 2013 Hawaii XT GCN 2nd gen 28 6200[36] 438 PCIe 3.0 ×16 up to 1000[lower-alpha 8] N/A 5000 2816:176:64 64 176 4096
8192		 512 GDDR5 320 5632 704 250[38] 12.0 (12_0)[31] 4.5 2.0 1.0 $549
Radeon R9 295X2[39] 8 April 2014 Vesuvius GCN 2nd gen 28 2× 6200 2× 438 PCIe 3.0 ×16 1018 N/A 5000 2× 2816:176:64 2× 65.152 2× 179.168 2× 4096 2× 512 GDDR5 2× 320 2× 5733.376 2× 716.672 500 12.0 (12_0)[31] 4.5 2.0 1.0 $1499
Model Launch Codename Architecture Fab (nm) Transistors (Million) Die Size (mm2) Bus interface Core (MHz) Boost (MHz) Memory (MT/s) Core config[lower-alpha 1] Pixel (GP/s)[lower-alpha 2] Texture (GT/s)[lower-alpha 3] Size (MiB) Bus width (bit) Bus type Bandwidth (GB/s) Single Precision[lower-alpha 4] Double Precision[lower-alpha 5] TDP (W) Direct3D OpenGL OpenCL[lower-alpha 6] Vulkan Release Price (USD)
Clock rate Fillrate Memory Processing Power
(GFLOPS)		 API support (version)
  1. 1 2 Unified Shaders : Texture Mapping Units : Render Output Units
  2. 1 2 Pixel fillrate is calculated as the number of ROPs multiplied by the base core clock speed.
  3. 1 2 Texture fillrate is calculated as the number of TMUs multiplied by the base core clock speed.
  4. 1 2 Single precision performance is calculated as two times the number of shaders multiplied by the base core clock speed.
  5. 1 2 Double precision performance is 1/16 of the single precision performance on GCN 3rd gen,[40][41] 1/2 on GCN 2nd gen (capped to 1/8 on high-end consumer Radeon cards, and 1/16 on mid- and entry-level cards),[42][43] and 1/4 on GCN 1st gen (capped to 1/16 on mid- and entry-level cards).[44]
  6. 1 2 Support for OpenCL 2.0 has been extended to the 200 Series' R7 and R9 models.[26]
  7. ↑ The R9 285 utilizes loss-less colour compression which can increase effective memory performance (relative to GCN 1st gen and 2nd gen cards) in certain situations.[33][34]
  8. 1 2 Base clock of R9 290 and R9 290X will maintain at 947 MHz and 1000 MHz before reaching 95 °C, respectively.[37]
Model Launch Model Number Codename Architecture Fab (nm) Bus interface Clock rate Core config[lower-alpha 1] Fillrate Memory Processing Power
(GFLOPS)		 TDP (W)
(GPU only)		 API compliance (version)
Core (MHz) Boost (MHz) Memory (MHz) Pixel (GP/s) Texture (GT/s) Size (GiB) Bus width (bit) Bus type Bandwidth (GB/s) Direct3D OpenGL[lower-alpha 2] OpenCL
Radeon R5 M230 2014 Jet Pro Oland GCN 1st gen 28 PCIe 3.0 ×8 780 855 1000 320:20:8:5 3.4 17.1 2
4		 64 DDR3 16 547 Unknown 11.2/12 4.5 1.2
Radeon R5 M255 June 2014 Jet Pro Oland / Iceland GCN 1st gen 28 PCIe 3.0 ×8 925 940 1000 320:20:8:5 7.5 18.8 2
4		 64 DDR3 16 601 Unknown 11.2/12 4.5 1.2
Radeon R7 M260 June 2014 Opal / Topaz Oland / Iceland GCN 1st gen 28 PCIe 3.0 ×8 620 715
980		 1000 384:24:8:6 5.7
7.8		 17.2
23.5		 2
4		 128
64		 DDR3 32
16		 549.1
752.6		 Unknown 11.2/12 4.5 1.2
Radeon R7 M260X June 2014 Opal Oland GCN 1st gen 28 PCIe 3.0 ×8 Unknown 715 1000 384:24:8:6 5.7 17.2 2
4		 128 GDDR5 64 549 Unknown 11.2/12 4.5 1.2
Radeon R7 M265 1 May 2014 Opal XT Oland GCN 1st gen 28 PCIe 3.0 ×8 725 825 1000 384:24:8:6 6.6 19.8 2
4		 64
128		 DDR3 16
32		 633.6 Unknown 11.2/12 4.5 1.2
Radeon R9 M265X 1 May 2014 Venus Pro Cape Verde GCN 1st gen 28 PCIe 3.0 ×16 575 625 1125 640:40:16:10 10 25 2
4		 128 GDDR5 72 800 Unknown 11.2/12 4.5 1.2
Radeon R9 M270X 1 May 2014 Venus XT Cape Verde GCN 1st gen 28 PCIe 3.0 ×16 725 775 1125 640:40:16:10 12.4 31 2
4		 128 GDDR5 72 992 Unknown 11.2/12 4.5 1.2
Radeon R9 M275X 1 May 2014 Venus XTX Cape Verde GCN 1st gen 28 PCIe 3.0 ×16 900 925 1125 640:40:16:10 14.8 37 2
4		 128 GDDR5 72 1184 50 11.2/12 4.5 1.2
Radeon R9 M280X 9 February 2015 Saturn XT Bonaire GCN 2nd gen 28 PCIe 3.0 ×16 1000 1100 1500 896:56:16:14 17.6 61.6 2
4		 128 GDDR5 96 1792 ~75 11.2/12 4.5 2.0
Radeon R9 M290X 1 May 2014 Neptune XT Pitcairn GCN 1st gen 28 PCIe 3.0 ×16 850 900 1200 1280:80:32:20 28.8 72 4 256 GDDR5 153.6 2176–2304 100 11.2/12 4.5 1.2
Radeon R9 M295X 2014 Amethyst XT Tonga GCN 3rd gen 28 PCIe 3.0 ×16 750 800 1375 2048:128:32:32 25.6 102.4 4 256 GDDR5 176 3276.8 250 11.2/12 4.5 2.0
  1. ↑ Unified Shaders : Texture Mapping Units : Render Output Units
  2. ↑ Vulkan 1.0 and OpenGL 4.5 possible with Driver Update Crimson 16.3 or higher.[45]

Graphics device drivers

AMD's proprietary graphics device driver "Catalyst"

Main article: AMD Catalyst

AMD Catalyst is being developed for Microsoft Windows and Linux. As of July 2014, other operating system are not officially supported. This may be different for the AMD FirePro brand, which is based on identical hardware but features OpenGL-certified graphics device drivers.

AMD Catalyst supports of course all features advertised for the Radeon brand.

Free and open-source graphics device driver "Radeon"

The free and open-source drivers are primarily developed on Linux and for Linux, but have been ported to other operating systems as well. Each driver is composed out of five parts:

  1. Linux kernel component DRM
  2. Linux kernel component KMS driver: basically the device driver for the display controller
  3. user-space component libDRM
  4. user-space component in Mesa 3D;
  5. a special and distinct 2D graphics device driver for X.Org Server, which if finally about to be replaced by Glamor

The free and open-source "Radeon" graphics driver supports most of the features implemented into the Radeon line of GPUs.[46] Unlike the nouveau project for Nvidia graphics cards, the open-source "Radeon" drivers are not reverse engineered, but based on documentation released by AMD.[47]

See also

References

  1. ↑ http://www.techpowerup.com/200081/amd-catalyst-14-4-rc-available-for-download.html Full support for OpenGL 4.4
  2. ↑ Iyer, Tarun (July 4, 2013). "Report: AMD's Volcanic Islands GPUs Launching in October Without HD 8000 Branding". tomshardware.com. tom's Hardware. Retrieved October 8, 2013.
  3. ↑ "AMD's Next Generation Volcanic Islands GPUs Possibly Launching in October - May Not Be Branded As HD 8000 Series". WCCFtech.
  4. ↑ Niels Broekhuijsen. "AMD Updates 2014-2015 Product Roadmap [UPDATED]". Tom's Hardware.
  5. ↑ "AMD Launches Next Generation Volcanic Islands (VI) GPUs in 2014 - Successor to Sea Islands". WCCFtech.
  6. ↑ Ryan Smith. "AMD Announces Next Generation Radeon R7 and R9 Video Cards". anandtech.com.
  7. ↑ Sebastian Pop (30 September 2013). "Launch Date Revealed for AMD Radeon R9 290X Hawaii Graphics Card". softpedia.
  8. ↑ "AMD Eyefinity: FAQ". AMD. 2011-05-17. Retrieved 2014-07-02.
  9. ↑ Ryan Smith. "Radeon R9 290X Retail Prices Hit $900". anandtech.com.
  10. ↑ "AMD graphics card pricing skyrockets due to cryptocurrency mining, could kill AMD's gaming efforts". ExtremeTech.
  11. 1 2 AMD Radeon R9 Series Graphics Archived April 14, 2014, at the Wayback Machine.
  12. ↑ Ryan Smith. "Meet the Radeon R9 295X2: Cooling & Power Delivery - The AMD Radeon R9 295X2 Review". anandtech.com.
  13. ↑ "What to expect from GPU14 event in Hawaii". Retrieved 25 September 2013.
  14. ↑ "AMD GPU Lineup Announced: R9 and R7 Series". pcper.com.
  15. ↑ Ryan Smith. "AMD Announces Radeon R9 280: Radeon HD 7950 w/Boost Returns". anandtech.com.
  16. ↑ Woligroski, Don. "AMD Radeon R9 270 Review: Replacing The Radeon HD 7800s". TomsHardware.com. Retrieved 12 November 2013.
  17. 1 2 "AMD Releases R7 Series Graphics Cards With AMD Radeon R7 240, AMD Radeon R7 250 and AMD Radeon R7 260X GPUs". Advanced Micro Devices. Retrieved 29 November 2013.
  18. ↑ Ung, Gordon Mah (8 October 2013). "Everything You Wanted to Know About AMD's New TrueAudio Technology". maximumpc. Archived from the original on 11 July 2014. Retrieved 25 October 2013.
  19. ↑ Ryan Smith. "AMD Announces Radeon R7 250X; Shipping Today". anandtech.com.
  20. 1 2 3 4 5 6 http://www.amd.com/en-us/products/graphics/desktop/oem/r5
  21. ↑ btarunr (3 April 2014). "AMD Launches Radeon R5 230 in the Retail Channel, Gigabyte Outs its Offering". TechPowerUp. Retrieved 14 April 2014.
  22. ↑ http://www.amd.com/en-us/products/graphics/desktop/r5
  23. ↑ Wiles, Debbie (4 April 2014). "AMD Launches Radeon R5 230 for Retail Market". CPU-World.com. Retrieved 14 April 2014.
  24. ↑ "AMD Radeon R5 235 OEM". TechPowerUp. Retrieved 10 July 2015.
  25. ↑ "AMD Radeon R5 240 OEM". TechPowerUp. Retrieved 30 January 2016.
  26. 1 2 3 4 "AMD OpenCL 2.0 Driver". Advanced Micro Devices. Retrieved 19 May 2015.
  27. 1 2 3 "MD5 Checksums, System Requirements & Driver Compatibility". Advanced Micro Devices. Retrieved 19 May 2015.
  28. 1 2 3 4 5 6 http://www.amd.com/en-us/products/graphics/desktop/r7
  29. ↑ "AMD Radeon R7 250E". TechPowerUp. Retrieved 5 January 2016.
  30. 1 2
  31. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 http://www.amd.com/en-us/products/graphics/desktop/r9
  32. ↑ Mujtaba, Hassan (26 October 2013). "AMD Preparing Tahiti XTL Revision of Radeon R9 280X Graphic Card for November Release". WCCFtech.com. Retrieved 27 October 2013.
  33. 1 2 3 Sandhu, Tarinder (2 September 2014). "Review: Sapphire Radeon R9 285 Dual-X OC (28nm Tonga)". Hexus. Retrieved 11 September 2014.
  34. ↑ Hruska, Joel (2 September 2014). "AMD Radeon R9 285 review: The GCN 3rd gen Torpedo that Takes out Nvidia's GTX 760". ExtremeTech. Ziff Davis. Retrieved 11 September 2014.
  35. ↑ Smith, Ryan (10 September 2014). "AMD Radeon R9 285 Review: Feat. Sapphire R9 285 Dual-X OC". AnandTech. Purch Group. p. 17. Retrieved 11 September 2014.
  36. 1 2 Smith, Ryan (24 October 2013). "The AMD Radeon R9 290X Review". AnandTech. Purch Group. Retrieved 24 October 2013.
  37. ↑ Angelini, Chris (5 November 2013). "AMD Radeon R9 290 Review: Fast and $400, But is it Consistent?". Tom's Hardware. Purch Group. Retrieved 6 November 2013.
  38. 1 2 Moammer, Khalid (21 June 2015). "AMD R9 Nano Performance Indirectly Revealed – More Compute Power than a Titan X". WCCFtech.com. Retrieved 25 July 2015.
  39. ↑ Shilov, Anton (4 April 2014). "AMD Radeon R9 295 X2: Final Specs Out, Card may not Fit into All PCs". KitGuru. Korona Solutions. Retrieved 6 April 2014.
  40. ↑ Smith, Ryan (2 July 2015). "The AMD Radeon R9 Fury X Review: Aiming for the Top". AnandTech. Purch Group. Retrieved 13 December 2015.
  41. ↑ Smith, Ryan (10 September 2014). "AMD Radeon R9 285 Review: Feat. Sapphire R9 285 Dual-X OC". AnandTech. Purch Group. Retrieved 13 December 2015.
  42. ↑ Angelini, Chris (23 October 2013). "Radeon R9 290X Review AMD's Back In Ultra-High-End Gaming". Tom's Hardware. Purch Group. Retrieved 13 December 2015.
  43. ↑ Smith, Ryan (2 July 2015). "The AMD Radeon R9 Fury X Review: Aiming For the Top". AnandTech. Purch Group. Retrieved 13 December 2015.
  44. ↑ Smith, Ryan (22 December 2011). "AMD Radeon HD 7970 Review: 28nm And Graphics Core Next, Together As One". AnandTech. Purch Group. Retrieved 13 December 2015.
  45. ↑ JeGX (10 March 2016). "AMD Crimson 16.3 Graphics Driver Available with Vulkan Support". Geeks3D. Archived from the original on 17 April 2016. Retrieved 11 May 2016.
  46. ↑ "RadeonFeature". Xorg.freedesktop.org. Retrieved 2014-07-06.
  47. ↑ "AMD Developer Guides".

External links

This article is issued from Wikipedia - version of the 11/23/2016. The text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution/Share Alike but additional terms may apply for the media files.