Ad Hoc Working Group on Long-term Cooperative Action

The Ad Hoc Working Group on Long-term Cooperative Action (AWG-LCA) is one of the two negotiating tracks established under the Bali Road Map at the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change's 13th Conference of the Parties (COP13) in Bali in 2007.^[1] The other one is the Ad Hoc Working Group on Further Commitments for Annex I Parties under the Kyoto Protocol (AWG-KP). Its purpose is to negotiate emissions reductions commitments for Non-Annex-I countries, which don't have any mandatory reductions commitments under the Kyoto Protocol and the United States which failed to ratify it. In theory, the two negotiation tracks together would result in a comprehensive Global climate regime.

References

Temperatures

Brightness temperature Effective temperature Geologic record Hiatus Historical climatology Instrumental record Paleoclimatology Paleotempestology Proxy data Record of the past 1,000 years Satellite measurements

Causes

Anthropogenic	Attribution of recent climate change Aviation Biofuel Black carbon Carbon dioxide Deforestation Earth's energy budget Earth's radiation balance Ecocide Fossil fuel Global dimming Global warming potential Greenhouse effect (Infrared window) Greenhouse gases (Halocarbons) Land use, land-use change and forestry Radiative forcing Tropospheric ozone Urban heat island

Natural	Albedo Bond events Climate oscillations Climate sensitivity Cloud forcing Cosmic rays Feedbacks Glaciation Global cooling Milankovitch cycles Ocean variability AMO ENSO IOD PDO Orbital forcing Solar variation Volcanism

Models	Global climate model

History

History of climate change science Atmospheric thermodynamics Svante Arrhenius James Hansen Charles David Keeling

Opinion and climate change

General	Abrupt climate change Anoxic event Arctic dipole anomaly Arctic haze Arctic methane release Climate change and agriculture Climate change and ecosystems Climate change and poverty Current sea level rise Drought Economics of global warming Effect on plant biodiversity Effects on health Effects on humans Effects on marine mammals Environmental migrant Extinction risk from global warming Fisheries and climate change Forest dieback Iris hypothesis Megadrought Ocean acidification Ozone depletion Physical impacts Polar stratospheric cloud Regime shift Retreat of glaciers since 1850 Runaway climate change Season creep Shutdown of thermohaline circulation

By country	Australia India Nepal (South Asia) United States

Kyoto Protocol	Clean Development Mechanism Joint Implementation Bali Road Map 2009 United Nations Climate Change Conference

Governmental	European Climate Change Programme G8 Climate Change Roundtable United Kingdom Climate Change Programme Paris Agreement Regional climate change initiatives in the United States List of climate change initiatives

Emissions reduction	Carbon credit Carbon-neutral fuel Carbon offset Carbon tax Emissions trading Fossil-fuel phase-out

Carbon-free energy	Carbon capture and storage Efficient energy use Low-carbon economy Nuclear power Renewable energy

Personal	Individual action on climate change Simple living

Other	Carbon dioxide removal Carbon sink Climate change mitigation scenarios Climate engineering Individual and political action on climate change Reducing emissions from deforestation and forest degradation Reforestation Urban reforestation Climate Action Plan Climate action

Strategies	Damming glacial lakes Desalination Drought tolerance Irrigation investment Rainwater storage Sustainable development Weather modification

Programmes	Avoiding dangerous climate change Land Allocation Decision Support System

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