AdipoRon

AdipoRon
Clinical data
Routes of
administration		 Oral
ATC code None
Identifiers
CAS Number 924416-43-3
PubChem (CID) 16307093
ChemSpider 11029953
Chemical and physical data
Formula C27H28N2O3
Molar mass 428.52282 g/mol
3D model (Jmol) Interactive image

AdipoRon is a selective, orally active, synthetic small-molecule agonist of the adiponectin receptor 1 (AdipoR1) and adiponectin receptor 2 (AdipoR2) (Kd = 1.8 μM and 3.1 μM, respectively).[1][2] It activates AMPK and PPARα signaling and ameliorates insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, and glucose intolerance in db/db mice (an animal model for type II diabetes and obesity).[1][2] Moreover, AdipoRon has been found to extend the lifespans of db/db mice fed a high-fat diet, as well as improve exercise endurance.[1][2][3] The compound was discovered by Japanese researchers in 2013 via screening of a compound library, and is the first orally active, small-molecule agonist of the adiponectin receptors to be identified.[1][2]

Adiponectin receptor agonists such as AdipoRon have attracted interest as potential therapies for obesity, diabetes, cardiovascular disease, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, and a panoply of other conditions.[1][2] In addition, adiponectin has recently been elucidated to mediate the antidepressant, anxiolytic, and neurogenic effects of physical exercise.[4][5][6] Dysregulation of adiponectin expression has also been implicated in the pathology of mood disorders, anxiety disorders, eating disorders, neurodegenerative disorders, and various other neuropsychiatric disorders.[7] Also, it has been determined that exercise improves insulin resistance via activation of AdipoR1.[8] As such, adiponectin receptor agonists are a highly interesting therapeutic target for a variety of different conditions.[1][2][6][7] Moreover, it has been suggested they could potentially be used as a substitute for exercise to achieve similar physical and mental health benefits.[1][2][6][9]

References

  1. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Okada-Iwabu M, Yamauchi T, Iwabu M, Honma T, Hamagami K, Matsuda K, Yamaguchi M, Tanabe H, Kimura-Someya T, Shirouzu M, Ogata H, Tokuyama K, Ueki K, Nagano T, Tanaka A, Yokoyama S, Kadowaki T (2013). "A small-molecule AdipoR agonist for type 2 diabetes and short life in obesity". Nature. 503 (7477): 493–9. doi:10.1038/nature12656. PMID 24172895.
  2. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Holland, W. L.; Scherer, P. E. (2013). "Ronning After the Adiponectin Receptors". Science. 342 (6165): 1460–1461. doi:10.1126/science.1249077. ISSN 0036-8075.
  3. ↑ Okada-Iwabu M, Iwabu M, Ueki K, Yamauchi T, Kadowaki T (2015). "Perspective of Small-Molecule AdipoR Agonist for Type 2 Diabetes and Short Life in Obesity". Diabetes Metab J. 39 (5): 363–72. doi:10.4093/dmj.2015.39.5.363. PMC 4641965Freely accessible. PMID 26566493.
  4. ↑ Yau SY, Li A, Hoo RL, Ching YP, Christie BR, Lee TM, Xu A, So KF (2014). "Physical exercise-induced hippocampal neurogenesis and antidepressant effects are mediated by the adipocyte hormone adiponectin". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 111 (44): 15810–5. doi:10.1073/pnas.1415219111. PMC 4226125Freely accessible. PMID 25331877.
  5. ↑ Nicolas S, Veyssière J, Gandin C, Zsürger N, Pietri M, Heurteaux C, Glaichenhaus N, Petit-Paitel A, Chabry J (2015). "Neurogenesis-independent antidepressant-like effects of enriched environment is dependent on adiponectin". Psychoneuroendocrinology. 57: 72–83. doi:10.1016/j.psyneuen.2015.03.017. PMID 25889841.
  6. 1 2 3 Li A, Yau SY, Machado S, Yuan TF, So KF (2015). "Adult neurogenic and antidepressant effects of adiponectin: a potential replacement for exercise?". CNS Neurol Disord Drug Targets.
  7. 1 2 Wędrychowicz, Andrzej (2014). "Peptides from adipose tissue in mental disorders". World Journal of Psychiatry. 4 (4): 103. doi:10.5498/wjp.v4.i4.103. ISSN 2220-3206.
  8. ↑ Cho JK, Kim S, Hong HR, Yoon JH, Kang H (2015). "Exercise Training Improves Whole Body Insulin Resistance via Adiponectin Receptor 1". Int J Sports Med. doi:10.1055/s-0035-1559715. PMID 26528942.
  9. ↑ Yau SY, Li A, Xu A, So KF (2015). "Fat cell-secreted adiponectin mediates physical exercise-induced hippocampal neurogenesis: an alternative anti-depressive treatment?". Neural Regen Res. 10 (1): 7–9. doi:10.4103/1673-5374.150637. PMC 4357120Freely accessible. PMID 25788905.



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