Aenictus
| Aenictus | |
|---|---|
 | |
| A. ceylonicus worker from Indonesia | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Hymenoptera |
| Family: | Formicidae |
| Subfamily: | Dorylinae |
| Genus: | Aenictus Shuckard, 1840 |
| Type species | |
| Aenictus ambiguus[1] | |
| Diversity[2] | |
| 181 species | |
| Synonyms | |
Aenictus is a large army ant genus distributed in the Old World tropics and subtropics.[3] It contains about 181 species,[2] making it one of the larger ant genera of the world.[4]
Biology and distribution
The genus presently has 181 species,[2] distributed through the East Mediterranean, Afrotropical, Oriental, Indo-Australian, and Australian regions.[4][5][6][7] Most of the species are tropical,[6] with terrestrial habitats, foraging in soil, leaf litter, most of the Southeast Asian species forage on the ground, and some on trees[8] and hunting other ant species and termites.[5][9][10]
Most species of the genus are specialized predators of other ants, especially of immature stages.[5][9][11] Only some Asian species such as Aenictus gracilis, Aenictus laeviceps, Aenictus hodgsoni, and Aenictus paradentatus are known to hunt a variety of invertebrate prey, including ants, using a large number of workers in raids.[5][8][12][13] Foraging raids undertaken by these ants occur both day and night, usually across the ground surface but occasionally also in trees. During raids, numerous workers attack ant nests in a small area, with several workers coordinating their efforts to carry large prey items back to the nest or bivouac.[3] Species of Aenictus are generally small, monomorphic and yellow to dark brown.[10]
Species
- Aenictus acerbus Shattuck, 2008
- Aenictus aitkenii Forel, 1901
- Aenictus alluaudi Santschi, 1910
- Aenictus alticola Wheeler, 1930
- Aenictus ambiguus Shuckard, 1840
- Aenictus anceps Forel, 1910
- Aenictus annae Forel, 1911
- Aenictus appressipilosus Jaitrong & Yamane, 2013
- Aenictus arabicus Sharaf & Aldawood, 2012
- Aenictus aratus Forel, 1900
- Aenictus artipus Wilson, 1964
- Aenictus arya Forel, 1901
- Aenictus asantei Campione, Novak & Gotwald, 1983
- Aenictus asperivalvus Santschi, 1919
- Aenictus bakeri Menozzi, 1925
- Aenictus baliensis Jaitrong & Yamane, 2013
- Aenictus bayoni Menozzi, 1932
- Aenictus binghami Forel, 1900
- Aenictus biroi Forel, 1907
- Aenictus bobaiensis Zhou & Chen, 1999
- Aenictus bodongjaya Jaitrong & Yamane, 2011
- Aenictus bottegoi Emery, 1899
- Aenictus brazzai Santschi, 1910
- Aenictus breviceps Forel, 1912
- Aenictus brevicornis (Mayr, 1879)
- Aenictus brevinodus Jaitrong & Yamane, 2011
- Aenictus brevipodus Jaitrong & Yamane, 2013
- Aenictus buttelreepeni Forel, 1913
- Aenictus buttgenbachi Forel, 1913
- Aenictus camposi Wheeler & Chapman, 1925
- Aenictus carolianus Zettel & Sorger, 2010
- Aenictus certus Westwood, 1842
- Aenictus ceylonicus (Mayr, 1866)
- Aenictus changmaianus Terayama & Kubota, 1993
- Aenictus chapmani Wilson, 1964
- Aenictus clavatus Forel, 1901
- Aenictus clavitibia Forel, 1901
- Aenictus concavus Jaitrong & Yamane, 2013
- Aenictus congolensis Santschi, 1911
- Aenictus cornutus Forel, 1900
- Aenictus crucifer Santschi, 1914
- Aenictus currax Emery, 1900
- Aenictus cylindripetiolus Jaitrong & Yamane, 2013
- Aenictus decolor (Mayr, 1879)
- Aenictus dentatus Forel, 1911
- Aenictus diclops Shattuck, 2008
- Aenictus dlusskyi Arnol'di, 1968
- Aenictus doryloides Wilson, 1964
- Aenictus doydeei Jaitrong, Yamane & Chanthalangsy, 2011
- Aenictus duengkaei Jaitrong & Yamane, 2012
- Aenictus eguchii Jaitrong & Yamane, 2013
- Aenictus eugenii Emery, 1895
- Aenictus exilis Wilson, 1964
- Aenictus feae Emery, 1889
- Aenictus fergusoni Forel, 1901
- Aenictus foreli Santschi, 1919
- Aenictus formosensis Forel, 1913
- Aenictus fuchuanensis Zhou, 2001
- Aenictus fulvus Jaitrong & Yamane, 2011
- Aenictus furculatus Santschi, 1919
- Aenictus furibundus Arnold, 1959
- Aenictus fuscipennis Forel, 1913
- Aenictus fuscovarius Gerstäcker, 1859
- Aenictus gibbosus Dalla Torre, 1893
- Aenictus glabratus Jaitrong & Nur-Zati, 2010
- Aenictus glabrinotum Jaitrong & Yamane, 2011
- Aenictus gleadowii Forel, 1901
- Aenictus gonioccipus Jaitrong & Yamane, 2013
- Aenictus gracilis Emery, 1893
- Aenictus grandis Bingham, 1903
- Aenictus gutianshanensis Staab, 2014
- Aenictus hamifer Emery, 1896
- Aenictus henanensis Li & Wang, 2005
- Aenictus hilli Clark, 1928
- Aenictus hodgsoni Forel, 1901
- Aenictus hottai Terayama & Yamane, 1989
- Aenictus humeralis Santschi, 1910
- Aenictus huonicus Wilson, 1964
- Aenictus icarus Forel, 1911
- Aenictus idoneus Menozzi, 1928
- Aenictus inconspicuus Westwood, 1845
- Aenictus indicus Bharti, Wachkoo & Kumar, 2012
- Aenictus inflatus Yamane & Hashimoto, 1999
- Aenictus itoi Jaitrong & Yamane, 2013
- Aenictus jacobsoni Forel, 1909
- Aenictus jarujini Jaitrong & Yamane, 2010
- Aenictus javanus Emery, 1896
- Aenictus jawadwipa Jaitrong & Yamane, 2013
- Aenictus khaoyaiensis Jaitrong & Yamane, 2013
- Aenictus kutai Jaitrong & Wiwatwitaya, 2013
- Aenictus laeviceps (Smith, 1857)
- Aenictus latifemoratus Terayama & Yamane, 1989
- Aenictus latiscapus Forel, 1901
- Aenictus leliepvrei Bernard, 1953
- Aenictus leptotyphlatta Jaitrong & Eguchi, 2010
- Aenictus levior (Karavaiev, 1926)
- Aenictus lifuiae Terayama, 1984
- Aenictus longi Forel, 1901
- Aenictus longicephalus Jaitrong & Yamane, 2013
- Aenictus longinodus Jaitrong & Yamane, 2012
- Aenictus luteus Emery, 1892
- Aenictus luzoni Wheeler & Chapman, 1925
- Aenictus maneerati Jaitrong & Yamane, 2013
- Aenictus mariae Emery, 1895
- Aenictus mauritanicus Santschi, 1910
- Aenictus mentu Weber, 1942
- Aenictus minimus Jaitrong & Hashimoto, 2012
- Aenictus minipetiolus Jaitrong & Yamane, 2013
- Aenictus minutulus Terayama & Yamane, 1989
- Aenictus mocsaryi Emery, 1901
- Aenictus moebii Emery, 1895
- Aenictus montivagus Jaitrong & Yamane, 2011
- Aenictus mutatus Santschi, 1913
- Aenictus nesiotis Wheeler, 1930
- Aenictus nganduensis Wilson, 1964
- Aenictus nishimurai Terayama & Kubota, 1993
- Aenictus obscurus Smith, 1865
- Aenictus orientalis (Karavaiev, 1926)
- Aenictus pachycerus (Smith, 1858)
- Aenictus pangantihoni Zettel & Sorger, 2010
- Aenictus paradentatus Jaitrong, Yamane & Tasen, 2012
- Aenictus parahuonicus Jaitrong & Yamane, 2011
- Aenictus peguensis Emery, 1895
- Aenictus pfeifferi Zettel & Sorger, 2010
- Aenictus pharoa Santschi, 1924
- Aenictus philiporum Wilson, 1964
- Aenictus philippinensis Chapman, 1963
- Aenictus piercei Wheeler, 1930
- Aenictus pilosus Jaitrong & Yamane, 2013
- Aenictus pinkaewi Jaitrong & Yamane, 2013
- Aenictus porizonoides Walker, 1860
- Aenictus powersi Wheeler, 1930
- Aenictus prolixus Shattuck, 2008
- Aenictus pubescens Smith, 1859
- Aenictus punctatus Jaitrong & Yamane, 2012
- Aenictus punctiventris Emery, 1901
- Aenictus punensis Forel, 1901
- Aenictus rabori Chapman, 1963
- Aenictus raptor Forel, 1913
- Aenictus reyesi Chapman, 1963
- Aenictus rhodiensis Menozzi, 1936
- Aenictus rixator Emery, 1901
- Aenictus rotundatus Mayr, 1901
- Aenictus rotundicollis Jaitrong & Yamane, 2011
- Aenictus rougieri André, 1893
- Aenictus sagei Forel, 1901
- Aenictus schneirlai Wilson, 1964
- Aenictus shillongensis Mathew & Tiwari, 2000
- Aenictus shuckardi Forel, 1901
- Aenictus siamensis Jaitrong & Yamane, 2011
- Aenictus silvestrii Wheeler, 1929
- Aenictus sonchaengi Jaitrong & Yamane, 2011
- Aenictus soudanicus Santschi, 1910
- Aenictus spathifer Santschi, 1928
- Aenictus steindachneri Mayr, 1901
- Aenictus stenocephalus Jaitrong, Yamane & Wiwatwitaya, 2010
- Aenictus subterraneus Jaitrong & Hashimoto, 2012
- Aenictus sulawesiensis Jaitrong & Wiwatwitaya, 2013
- Aenictus sumatrensis Forel, 1913
- Aenictus sundalandensis Jaitrong & Yamane, 2013
- Aenictus thailandianus Terayama & Kubota, 1993
- Aenictus togoensis Santschi, 1915
- Aenictus trigonus Forel, 1911
- Aenictus turneri Forel, 1900
- Aenictus vagans Santschi, 1924
- Aenictus vaucheri Emery, 1915
- Aenictus vieti Jaitrong, Yamane & Wiwatwitaya, 2010
- Aenictus villiersi Bernard, 1953
- Aenictus watanasiti Jaitrong & Yamane, 2013
- Aenictus wayani Jaitrong & Yamane, 2011
- Aenictus weissi Santschi, 1910
- Aenictus westwoodi Forel, 1901
- Aenictus wilaiae Jaitrong & Yamane, 2013
- Aenictus wilsoni Bharti, Wachkoo & Kumar, 2012
- Aenictus wiwatwitayai Jaitrong & Yamane, 2013
- Aenictus wroughtonii Forel, 1890
- Aenictus wudangshanensis Wang, 2006
- Aenictus yamanei Wiwatwitaya & Jaitrong, 2011
- Aenictus zhengi Zhang, 1995
References
- ↑ "Subfamily: Aenictinae". antweb.org. AntWeb. Retrieved 13 October 2013.
- 1 2 3 Bolton, B. (2014). "Aenictus". AntCat. Retrieved 28 June 2014.
- 1 2 Jaitrong, W. J.; Yamane, S. (2013). "The Aenictus ceylonicus species group (Hymenoptera, Formicidae, Aenictinae) from Southeast Asia". Journal of Hymenoptera Research. 31: 165. doi:10.3897/JHR.31.4274.
- 1 2 Jaitrong, W. J.; Yamane, S. (2012). "Review of the Southeast Asian species of the Aenictus javanus and Aenictus philippinensis species groups (Hymenoptera, Formicidae, Aenictinae)". ZooKeys. 193 (193): 49–78. doi:10.3897/zookeys.193.2768. PMC 3361139
. PMID 22679379. - 1 2 3 4 Gotwald WH (1995) Army ants: the Biology of Social Predation. Cornell University Press, New York, 320 pp.
- 1 2 Brown WL Jr. (2000) Diversity of ants. In: Agosti et al. (Eds) Ants. standard methods for measuring and monitoring biodiversity. Biological diversity hand book series. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington and London, 280 pp.
- ↑ Aktaç N, Radchenko AG, Kiran K (2004) On the taxonomy of the west Palaearctic Aenictinae (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Annales Zoologici 54 (2): 361-364.
- 1 2 Hirosawa, H.; Higashi, S.; Mohamed, M. (2000). "Food habits of Aenictus army ants and their effects on the ant community in a rain forest of Borneo". Insectes Sociaux. 47: 42. doi:10.1007/s000400050007.
- 1 2 Rościszewski M, Maschwitz U (1994) Prey specialization of army ants of the genus Aenictus in Malaysia. Andrias 13: 179-187.
- 1 2 Sharaf, M.; Aldawood, A.; El-Hawagry, M. (2012). "First record of the ant subfamily Aenictinae (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) from Saudi Arabia, with the description of a new species". ZooKeys. 228 (228): 39–49. doi:10.3897/zookeys.228.3559. PMC 3487640. PMID 23166469.
- ↑ Gotwald, W. H. (1976). "Behavioral Observations on African Army Ants of the Genus Aenictus (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)". Biotropica. 8: 59. doi:10.2307/2387819. JSTOR 2387819.
- ↑ Shattuck SO (2008) Review of the ant genus Aenictus (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) in Australia with notes on A. ceylonicus (Mayr). Zootaxa 1926: 1-19.
- ↑ Jaitrong W, Yamane Sk (2011) Synopsis of Aenictus species groups and revision of the A. currax and A. laeviceps groups in the eastern Oriental, Indo-Australian, and Australasian regions (Hymenoptera: Formicidae: Aenictinae). Zootaxa 3128: 1-46.
This article incorporates text from a scholarly publication published under a copyright license that allows anyone to reuse, revise, remix and redistribute the materials in any form for any purpose: Jaitrong, W. J.; Yamane, S. (2012). "Review of the Southeast Asian species of the Aenictus javanus and Aenictus philippinensis species groups (Hymenoptera, Formicidae, Aenictinae)". ZooKeys. 193 (193): 49–78. doi:10.3897/zookeys.193.2768. PMC 3361139. PMID 22679379. Please check the source for the exact licensing terms.- This article incorporates text from a scholarly publication published under a copyright license that allows anyone to reuse, revise, remix and redistribute the materials in any form for any purpose: Sharaf, M.; Aldawood, A.; El-Hawagry, M. (2012). "First record of the ant subfamily Aenictinae (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) from Saudi Arabia, with the description of a new species". ZooKeys. 228 (228): 39–49. doi:10.3897/zookeys.228.3559. PMC 3487640. PMID 23166469. Please check the source for the exact licensing terms.
- This article incorporates text from a scholarly publication published under a copyright license that allows anyone to reuse, revise, remix and redistribute the materials in any form for any purpose: Jaitrong, W. J.; Yamane, S. (2013). "The Aenictus ceylonicus species group (Hymenoptera, Formicidae, Aenictinae) from Southeast Asia". Journal of Hymenoptera Research. 31: 165. doi:10.3897/JHR.31.4274. Please check the source for the exact licensing terms.
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