Anna Orbeliani, Queen Consort of Imereti

Ana Orbeliani (Georgian: ანა ორბელიანი; 17 July 1765 – 4 June 1832) was a Queen Consort of the western Georgian kingdom of Imereti as the wife of King David II (r. 1784–1789, 1790–1791). After David's deposition and death in exile in 1795, Ana tried to secure succession for her son Constantine during the reign of Solomon II, who had supplanted her husband. In her efforts, Ana relied on the Russian Empire, which eventually annexed Imereti in 1810. Ana spent the rest of her life in Russia, where she was known as tsaritsa Anna Matveyevna Imeretinskaya (Russian: Анна Матвеевна Имеретинская).

Early life and marriage

Ana was born into the Orbeliani, one of the leading princely houses (tavadi) of the Kingdom of Kartli and Kakheti (eastern Georgia). Her father was Prince Mamuka Orbeliani, a sisterly nephew of Heraclius II, king of Kartli and Kakheti.[1] Her mother came of the house of Kvenipneveli, hereditary Dukes of the Ksani. After her father's death in 1770 Ana and her brothers were reared at the court of Heraclius in Tbilisi. Around 1781, Ana was married off to the Imeretian prince David, who had found shelter in Tbilisi after being part of a plot against his cousin, Solomon I of Imereti. Later, David returned to Imereti, bringing his wife with him. He seized the throne of Imereti in a power struggle in 1784, but was eventually toppled down by Solomon II, Heraclius II's grandson. David went in exile, giving Solomon his wife Ana and his heir Constantine as hostages.[2][3]

Misfortunes

Following David's last futile attempt at coming back and his death in exile in 1795, Constantine was incarcerated by Solomon, while Ana was subjected to continuous harassment. She was still able to rebury her husband's remains from Akhaltsikhe to a familial burial ground at the Jruchi cathedral. Ana applied for protection to Heraclius, who granted her a hereditary estate in the Khepiniskhevi valley, at the border with Imereti, in 1798. After the death of Heraclius in 1798, Ana's vicissitudes continued. Prince Gogia Abashidze encroached on her lands, while Solomon II pressured her to move to Kutaisi. To this end, he sent troops to Ana's estate in March 1802. The queen's men resisted, giving her a means to escape, through forests, to Surami, where she was rescued by the Russian troops under Captain Bartyenyev.[4] She repaired to St. Petersburg to solicit the help of Tsar Alexander I of Russia to secure the release of her son and then to guarantee him succession to the childless king Solomon.[5][3]

In Russia

Under the Russian pressure, Solomon finally released Constantine in 1803 and, as part of his agreement with Russia, made the young prince his heir apparent in 1804. The Russian state confirmed this arrangement and, further, allowed Ana to retain the title of Queen (tsaritsa) for her lifetime on 12 September 1804. She had also been decorated with the Order of Saint Catherine, Great Cross. But the mother and the son now faced relocation to Russia proper envisaged by the Tsar. That same year, Constantine protested and escaped to Imereti, where he reconciled with Solomon and remained loyal to him until the Russian army finally conquered Imereti in March 1810.[5][6][3]

The Russians were suspicious of Ana's involvement in Constantine's defection. On 28 May 1809, she had to agree to relocate for resettlement from Tiflis to St. Petersburg, where she lived, on a modest state pension, with her daughter-in-law and grandson.[3] She maintained contacts with the local Georgian men of culture and had several manuscripts copied.[3] Ana vainly sought to reclaim her and Constantine’s estates in Imereti or be monetarily compensated for her loss and to have the right to return to Imereti.[7]

In 1811, she organized a small chapel of the Nativity of Jesus in a rented house near St. Vladimir's Cathedral, which functioned until after her death.[8] She died in Moscow in 1832 and was buried at the Donskoy Monastery.[3]

Ancestry

References

  1. ↑ Chikovani, Iuri (2012). თავად ორბელიანთა საგვარეულო [Family of Princes Orbeliani] (PDF) (in Georgian). Tbilisi: Georgian National Parliamentary Library. p. 17.
  2. ↑ Rayfield, Donald (2012). Edge of Empires: A History of Georgia. London: Reaktion Books. pp. 252, 258. ISBN 1780230303.
  3. 1 2 3 4 5 6 Baratashvili, Manana (2002). "„დედოფალს ანაზედ"" ["On Queen Ana"]. literaturuli dziebani (in Georgian). 23 (1): 251–257.
  4. ↑ Butkov, Pyotr (1869). Материалы для новой истории Кавказа с 1722 по 1803. Часть II [Materials for a new history of the Caucasus] (in Russian). St. Petersburg: Typography of the Imperial Academy of Sciences. pp. 508–509.
  5. 1 2 Gvosdev, Nikolas K. (2000). Imperial policies and perspectives towards Georgia, 1760–1819. New York: Palgrave. pp. 108–109, 126, 131. ISBN 0312229909.
  6. ↑ Belyavsky, N.N. and Potto, V.A., eds. (1901). Утверждение русского владычества на Кавказе. Том I [The Consolidation of Russian Dominion over the Caucasus, Vol. 1] (PDF) (in Russian). Tiflis: Y. I. Liberman Typography. pp. 104–106.
  7. ↑ Markova, Olga P. (1951). Восстание в Кахетии 1812 г. [Uprising in Kakheti of 1812] (in Russian). Academy of Sciences of the Soviet Union. p. 169.
  8. ↑ Kobak, Aleksandr V.; Antonov, Viktor V. "Упраздненная церковь Рождество Христово в доме имеретинской царицы Анны Матвеевны" [Abolished church of the Nativity of Jesus at the house of Queen Anna Matveyevna]. Encyclopaedia of St. Petersburg (in Russian). Retrieved 28 June 2015.
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