Archail

Archail

The Village
Archail

Coordinates: 44°07′20″N 6°20′06″E / 44.1222°N 6.335°E / 44.1222; 6.335Coordinates: 44°07′20″N 6°20′06″E / 44.1222°N 6.335°E / 44.1222; 6.335
Country France
Region Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur
Department Alpes-de-Haute-Provence
Arrondissement Digne-les-Bains
Canton La Javie
Intercommunality Haute Bléone
Government
 • Mayor (2008–2020) Maurice Ferrary
Area1 12.99 km2 (5.02 sq mi)
Population (2009)2 14
 • Density 1.1/km2 (2.8/sq mi)
Time zone CET (UTC+1)
 • Summer (DST) CEST (UTC+2)
INSEE/Postal code 04009 / 04420
Elevation 759–1,984 m (2,490–6,509 ft)
(avg. 920 m or 3,020 ft)

1 French Land Register data, which excludes lakes, ponds, glaciers > 1 km² (0.386 sq mi or 247 acres) and river estuaries.

2 Population without double counting: residents of multiple communes (e.g., students and military personnel) only counted once.

Archail is a French commune in the Alpes-de-Haute-Provence department in the Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur region of south-eastern France.

It is the second least populated commune in the department.

The inhabitants of the commune are known as Archailois or Archailoises.[1]

Geography

Archail is located some 8 km north-east of Digne and some 5 km south of Le Brusquet. By road from Digne it is 14 km by a winding mountain road. The village is located in a wooded basin at an altitude of 920m.[2] Access to the commune is by the D22 road which runs east from Marcoux to Draix and which passes through the northern tip of the commune. A local road runs off the D22 in the northern tip of the commune and continues south through the commune to the village. The commune is mountainous and heavily forested but there is a small area of farmland south-west of the village.[3]

Geology

Archail Village with black marl slopes to the west.

Much of the commune consists of rounded hills of eroded black marl. The Pic de Couar (1,988m) is spectacular as is the Pas d'Archail (1,667m). The Ravine and Torrent of l'Areste is in the south in the hills.

Hydrology

A vast number of streams rise in the commune including: The Bouinenc[4] (13.8 kilometres long), the Sauzeries Ravine[5] (9 km long), the Mouiroués Ravine[6] (8 km long), and its tributary, the Escure Stream[7] (5.7 km long). These all flow north to join the Bouinenc which continues west to join the Bléone.[3]

Natural and technological hazards

None of the 200 communes of the department is in a no seismic risk zone. The Canton of La Javie to which Archail belongs is in Zone 1b (low risk) according to the deterministic classification of 1991 and based on its seismic history. The Canton is in Zone 4 (medium risk) according to the probabilistic classification EC8 2011.[8] The commune of Archail is also exposed to two other natural hazards:[8]

Neighbouring communes and villages[3]

 Le Brusquet Draix
Marcoux
  Archail  
Digne

Toponymy

The area appears for the first time in texts around 1200 in the form Archallo. The origin of the name is Celtic-Ligurian and means in front of the rocks.[9] The Historical Atlas of Provence also indicates a spelling of Arcalhum.[10]

History

In Antiquity the Bodiontiques (Bodiontici) inhabited the Bléone valley and so were the Gallic people who lived in what is now the commune of Archail. The Bodiontiques were defeated by Augustus at the same time as the other people present on the Tropaeum Alpium (before 14 BC) and were attached to the province of Alpes-Maritimes during its creation.[11]

According to Daniel Thiery, the community was reported in the Polyptych of Wadalde (Bishop of Marseille) in 814 under the name Argario.[12]

The community of Archail was under the Viguerie of Digne.[12] In 1193 the lordship of Archail (Argal) was given by the two lords of Saint-Julien to the Chapter of Digne.[12] The lordship was divided between the Bishops of Digne and the Chapter of Digne before the French Revolution.[10] These new lords strengthened their new possession and collected the population in a central location.[12]

As with many of the communes in the department, Archail had a school well before the Jules Ferry laws: in 1863 it already had a school that provided primary education for boys in the main town.[13] No instruction was given to girls: neither the Falloux Laws (1851), which required the opening of a girls' school in communes with more than 800 inhabitants,[14] nor the first Duruy Law (1867), which lowered the threshold to 500 inhabitants, related to Archail[15] and it was only through the Ferry laws that Archail girls were able to regularly study.

Between 1973 and 1979 the commune was merged with Draix under the name Archail-Draix.[16][17]

Administration

List of Successive Mayors[18]

From To Name Party Position
1945 Jean-Baptiste Giraud[19]
1946 2001 Jean Paul Ferrary[20]
2001 2020 Maurice Ferrary

(Not all data is known)

Demography

In 1315 there were 25 fires in Archail. The censuses of 1471 and 1765 under the Ancien Régime reported 6 and 74 inhabitants respectively.[10]

In 2009 the commune had 14 inhabitants. The evolution of the number of inhabitants is known from the population censuses conducted in the commune since 1793. From the 21st century, a census of communes with fewer than 10,000 inhabitants is held every five years, unlike larger towns that have a sample survey every year.[Note 1]

Population Change (See database)
1793 1800 1806 1821 1831 1836 1841 1846 1851
85 88 89 96 101 106 100 108 104
1856 1861 1866 1872 1876 1881 1886 1891 1896
115 115 113 97 94 89 104 98 81
1901 1906 1911 1921 1926 1931 1936 1946 1954
92 75 70 37 40 36 34 30 26
1962 1968 1975 1982 1990 1999 2006 2009 -
18 18 - 10 6 7 8 14 -

Sources : Ldh/EHESS/Cassini until 1962, INSEE database from 1968 (population without double counting and municipal population from 2006)

The demographic history of Archail after the bloodletting of the 14th and 15th centuries was of a long growth trend until the beginning of the 19th century and was marked by a period of "stretches" where the population remained stable and relatively high. This period was particularly long in Archail - from 1821 to 1891. Although the rural exodus began late in Archail, it was nonetheless a longstanding trend and quick. After thirty years of hindsight and the First World War, the town recorded the loss of half of its population from the historic maximum of 1856-1861.[21] The decline continued until the 21st century when the population of Archail increased between 2005 and 2010 - the first time in a century.

Economy

Overview

In 2009, the active population was 7 people with no unemployed.[22] 6 out of 7 of these workers are employees[23] and work outside the commune.

As at 1 January 2011 the commune had only four active establishments: one in the construction sector, and three in the services sector, which offered the only job in the commune.[24]

Agriculture

At the end of 2010 there was no commercial operation in the primary sector (agriculture, forestry, fisheries).[24][25] There are nevertheless artificial meadows irrigated from the irrigation reservoir above the village at the foot of the Pic du Couar which was dug in the 1980s under the leadership of the Mayor [ref. needed] and the sheep farmer.

Service activities

At the end of 2010 the tertiary sector (trade, service) consisted of 3 establishments with 1 job.[24]

According to the Departmental Observatory of Tourism, tourism is very important for the community, with more than 5 tourists welcomed per resident.[26] Most of the accommodation capacity is non-market[27] and is composed solely of secondary homes:[28] 18 secondary homes are three quarters of the commune housing.[29]

Sites and Monuments

Cultural life

The association Les Ateliers du Couar hosts May Art every year in May with many artists-exhibitors (ceramics, paintings, sculptors, photographers) and various other events related to images in all their forms and in association with many artistic expressions (literature, poetry, cinema, theatre etc.). The theme is rural and historical heritage and messages are conveyed through various modes such as the creation of an Artist's book on transhumance.

This association publishes Les Cahiers du Couar with four numbers:

Notable People linked to the commune

See also

Bibliography

External links

Notes and references

Notes

  1. ↑ At the beginning of the 21st century, the methods of identification have been modified by Law No. 2002-276 of 27 February 2002, the so-called "law of local democracy" and in particular Title V "census operations" allows, after a transitional period running from 2004 to 2008, the annual publication of the legal population of the different French administrative districts. For communes with a population greater than 10,000 inhabitants, a sample survey is conducted annually, the entire territory of these communes is taken into account at the end of the period of five years. The first "legal population" after 1999 under this new law came into force on 1 January 2009 and was based on the census of 2006.

References

  1. ↑ Inhabitants of Alpes-de-Haute-Provence (French)
  2. ↑ Michel de La Torre, Alpes-de-Haute-Provence: The complete guide to 200 communes, Paris, Deslogis-Lacoste, coll. "Towns and Villages of France", 1989, Relié, 72 p. (non-paginated) (ISBN 2-7399-5004-7) (French)
  3. 1 2 3 Google Maps
  4. ↑ Bounenc page on the Sandre website (French)
  5. ↑ Sauzeries page on the Sandre website (French)
  6. ↑ Mouiroués Ravine page on the Sandre website (French)
  7. ↑ The Escure page on the Sandre website (French)
  8. 1 2 Minister of Ecology, Sustainable Development, Transport, and Lodgings, Communal Notice on the Gaspar database, online 27 May 2011, consulted on 25 June 2012 (French)
  9. ↑ Charles Rostaing, Essay on the Toponymy of Provence (since its origins to the barbarian invasions), Laffite Reprints, Marseille, 1973 (1st edition 1950), p 120 (French)
  10. 1 2 3 Ed. Edward Baratier, Georges Duby, and Ernest Hildesheimer: Historical Atlas. Provence, County of Venaissin, Principality of Orange, County of Nice, Principality of Monaco, Librairie Armand Colin, Paris, 1969, p. 160.
  11. ↑ Brigitte Beaujard, The cities of southern Gaul from the 3rd to the 7th centuries, Gallia, 63, 2006, CNRS éditions, p. 22 (French)
  12. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Daniel Thiery, Archail, On the origins of churches and rural chapels in Alpes-de-Haute-Provence, published 12 December 2010, online 15 December 2010, consulted on 25 June 2012 (French)
  13. ↑ Jean-Christophe Labadie (director), Les Maisons d’école, Digne-les-Bains, Departmental archives of Alpes-de-Haute-Provence, 2013, ISBN 978-2-86-004-015-0, p. 9.
  14. ↑ Jean-Christophe Labadie (director), Les Maisons d’école, Digne-les-Bains, Departmental archives of Alpes-de-Haute-Provence, 2013, ISBN 978-2-86-004-015-0, p. 16.
  15. ↑ Jean-Christophe Labadie (director), Les Maisons d’école, Digne-les-Bains, Departmental archives of Alpes-de-Haute-Provence, 2013, ISBN 978-2-86-004-015-0, p. 18.
  16. ↑ EHESS, Communal Notice for Archail on the Cassini database, consulted on 22 July 2009 (French)
  17. ↑ Ehess, Communal Notice for Draix on the Cassini database, consulted on 10 November 2009 (French)
  18. ↑ List of Mayors of France
  19. ↑ Sébastien Thébault and Thérèse Dumont, The Liberation, Basses-Alpes 39-45, published 31 March 2014, consulted on 2 April 2014.
  20. ↑ Between 1973 and 1979 he was Mayor of Archail-Draix
  21. ↑ Christiane Vidal, Chronology and Rhythms of depopulation in the department of Alpes de Haute-Provence since the beginning of the 19th century., Provence historique, Vol. 21, No. 85, 1971, p. 289. (French)
  22. ↑ INSEE, Local Dossier - Commune : Archail (04009), p. 5
  23. ↑ INSEE, Local Dossier, p. 7
  24. 1 2 3 INSEE, Local Dossier, p. 16
  25. ↑ Minister of Agriculture, "Techno-Economic Orientation for Farming", Agricultural censuses 2010 and 2000. (Online: N.B. The page is 4.4 Mb)
  26. ↑ Departmental Observatory of Tourism, Atlas de l'hébergement touristique, December 2008, p. 6 (French)
  27. ↑ Departmental Observatory of Tourism, Atlas de l'hébergement touristique, December 2008, p. 7 (French)
  28. ↑ Departmental Observatory of Tourism, Atlas de l'hébergement touristique, December 2008, p. 44 (French)
  29. ↑ Insee, Local Dossier, p. 16
  30. ↑ Raymond Collier: La Haute-Provence monumental and artistic, Digne, Jean Louis Printing, 1986, 559p, p. 379 (French)
  31. ↑ Ministry of Culture, Palissy PM04002471 Processional Banner (French)
  32. ↑ Ministry of Culture, Palissy PM04002470 Painting: Saint Charles Borromée (French)
  33. ↑ Ministry of Culture, Palissy PM04002466 Statue: Saint Charles Borromée (French)
  34. ↑ Ministry of Culture, Palissy PM04002469 Painting: Donation of the Rosary (French)
  35. ↑ Ministry of Culture, Palissy PM04002468 Thurible (French)
  36. ↑ Ministry of Culture, Palissy PM04002467 Monstrance (French)
  37. ↑ Ministry of Culture, Palissy PM04002465 Statue: Saint Joseph (French)
  38. ↑ Ministry of Culture, Palissy PM04002464 Statue: The Virgin (French)
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