Armadillo repeat
| Armadillo repeat domain | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
 Structure of the armadillo domain of beta-catenin.[1] | |||||||||
| Identifiers | |||||||||
| Symbol | Arm | ||||||||
| Pfam | PF00514 | ||||||||
| Pfam clan | CL0020 | ||||||||
| InterPro | IPR000225 | ||||||||
| SMART | SM00185 | ||||||||
| PROSITE | PS50176 | ||||||||
| SCOP | 3bct | ||||||||
| SUPERFAMILY | 3bct | ||||||||
| CDD | cd00020 | ||||||||
| |||||||||
An armadillo repeat is the name of a characteristic, repetitive amino acid sequence of about 40 residues in length that is found in many proteins. Proteins that contain armadillo repeats typically contain several tandemly repeated copies.[2][3] Each Armadillo repeat is composed of a pair of alpha helices that form a hairpin structure. Multiple copies of the repeat form what is known as an alpha solenoid structure.
Examples of proteins that contain armadillo repeats include β-catenin, α-importin,[4] plakoglobin,[5] adenomatous polyposis coli (APC),[6] and many others.
The term armadillo derives from the historical name of the β-catenin gene in the fruitfly Drosophila where the armadillo repeat was first discovered. β-catenin is a protein involved in linking cadherin cell adhesion proteins to the cytoskeleton,[1] but the armadillo repeat is found in a wide range of proteins with other functions. This type of protein domain is important in transducing WNT signals during embryonic development.
Structure
The 3-dimensional fold of an armadillo repeat was first observed in the crystal structure of beta-catenin, where the 12 repeats form a superhelix of alpha helices with three helices per unit.[1] The cylindrical structure features a positively charged groove, which presumably interacts with the acidic surfaces of the known interaction partners of beta-catenin.[7]
References
- 1 2 3 Huber AH, Nelson WJ, Weis WI (September 1997). "Three-dimensional structure of the armadillo repeat region of beta-catenin". Cell. 90 (5): 871–82. doi:10.1016/S0092-8674(00)80352-9. PMID 9298899.
- ↑ Peifer M, Berg S, Reynolds AB (1994). "A repeating amino acid motif shared by proteins with diverse cellular roles". Cell. 76 (5): 789–91. doi:10.1016/0092-8674(94)90353-0. PMID 7907279.
- ↑ Groves MR, Barford D (1999). "Topological characteristics of helical repeat proteins". Current Opinion in Structural Biology. 9 (3): 383–9. doi:10.1016/S0959-440X(99)80052-9. PMID 10361086.
- ↑ Herold A, Truant R, Wiegand H, Cullen BR (October 1998). "Determination of the functional domain organization of the importin alpha nuclear import factor". J. Cell Biol. 143 (2): 309–18. doi:10.1083/jcb.143.2.309. PMC 2132842
. PMID 9786944. - ↑ McCrea PD, Turck CW, Gumbiner B (November 1991). "A homolog of the armadillo protein in Drosophila (plakoglobin) associated with E-cadherin". Science. 254 (5036): 1359–61. doi:10.1126/science.1962194. PMID 1962194.
- ↑ Hirschl D, Bayer P, Müller O (March 1996). "Secondary structure of an armadillo single repeat from the APC protein". FEBS Lett. 383 (1-2): 31–6. doi:10.1016/0014-5793(96)00215-3. PMID 8612785.
- ↑ "Armadillo (IPR000225)". InterPro. EMBL-EBI.
External links
- Eukaryotic Linear Motif resource motif class TRG_NLS_Bipartite_1
- Eukaryotic Linear Motif resource motif class TRG_NLS_MonoCore_2
- Eukaryotic Linear Motif resource motif class TRG_NLS_MonoExtC_3
- Eukaryotic Linear Motif resource motif class TRG_NLS_MonoExtN_4
- Armadillo Domain Proteins at the US National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH)
- Armadillo/plakoglobin ARM repeat in PROSITE