Aussurucq

Aussurucq

Dolmen in the Arbailles Forest
Aussurucq

Coordinates: 43°09′01″N 0°55′57″W / 43.1503°N 0.9325°W / 43.1503; -0.9325Coordinates: 43°09′01″N 0°55′57″W / 43.1503°N 0.9325°W / 43.1503; -0.9325
Country France
Region Nouvelle-Aquitaine
Department Pyrénées-Atlantiques
Arrondissement Oloron-Sainte-Marie
Canton Mauléon-Licharre
Intercommunality Soule-Xiberoa
Government
 • Mayor (2008–2020) Jean Carricaburu
Area1 47.12 km2 (18.19 sq mi)
Population (2010)2 251
 • Density 5.3/km2 (14/sq mi)
Time zone CET (UTC+1)
 • Summer (DST) CEST (UTC+2)
INSEE/Postal code 64081 / 64130
Elevation 191–1,284 m (627–4,213 ft)
(avg. 209 m or 686 ft)

1 French Land Register data, which excludes lakes, ponds, glaciers > 1 km² (0.386 sq mi or 247 acres) and river estuaries.

2 Population without double counting: residents of multiple communes (e.g., students and military personnel) only counted once.

Aussurucq (Basque: Altzürükü) is a French commune in the Pyrénées-Atlantiques department in the Nouvelle-Aquitaine region of south-western France.

The inhabitants are known as Altzürükütar.[1]

The church with its Trinitarian steeple, facade, and steps
Hilarri

Geography

Aussurucq is located in the former province of Soule in the Massif des Arbailles some 30 km west by south-west of Oloron-Sainte-Marie and 25 km east of Saint-Jean-Pied-de-Port. Access to the commune is by road D147 from Idaux-Mendy in the north which passes through the village and continues south through the commune to join the D117 on the southern border of the commune. A pastoral road from Béhorléguy to Alçay and Aussurucq passes through the Col d'Aphanize (without crossing it) and generally follows the line of the watershed along the Col de Burdin Olatzé. The commune is mostly rugged and heavily forested however there is some farmland in the north.[2]

The Ruisseau de Guessalia rises in the south of the commune and flows north-east gathering some tributaries to join the Apouhoura north of the commune. The Arangorena forms the north-western border as it flows north-east to join the Saison near Gotein-Libarrenx. The Bidouze rises in the south of the commune and flows north to eventually join the Adour north of Bardos.[2]

Places and Hamlets[3]

  • Abeheaborda
  • Ahancetaborda
  • Ahanzolha
  • Ahusquy:[4] known for its spring of the same name
  • Althabéa (ruins)
  • Althabegoïty
  • Ambukoborda
  • Ardiaénéa
  • Ascune (rocks)
  • Athekaketa
  • Bagadoy
  • Barnexborda
  • Baskinabe
  • Behegayborda
  • Beherégaray (barns)[4]
  • Burdin-Clatze (col)
  • Capara (barn)
  • Carriquiborda[4]
  • Chalunia
  • Cumba
  • Elsareko Ordokia
  • Erbinia (cayolar)
  • Etchakokoua
  • Etchaltia (rocks)
  • Etchebidea
  • Etchecopar
  • Etchekolaz
  • Exaltia (cayolar)
  • Gettaborda
  • Goyheneix
  • Guessalia
  • Harribiribile
  • Hasgagnia
  • Haspia (rocks)
  • Héguilloré (cayolar)
  • Hidogaratia (col)
  • Hidondo
  • Ibarrondoa
  • Ihatia
  • Inharpu (col)
  • Istaurdy (cayolar)
  • Jaguiborda
  • Jaragoyhen
  • Karkatz
  • Lagay
  • Lapistoy[4]
  • Lapitz (field)
  • Larraguy
  • Larramendy
  • Latchéra
  • Lecharegaratia (cayolar)
  • Lecharéguibela (cayolar)
  • Leycharzepia (fountain)
  • Lhastéria
  • Lohiolha
  • Lucugnébehety (cayolar)
  • Miadore (cayolar)
  • Mouchako
  • Naboleguy (cayolar)
  • Nébélé (fountain)
  • Nékolha[4]
  • Olhatzezarre (cayolar)
  • Otxolatzé (fontaine)
  • Potcho (cayolars)
  • Sallaberria
  • Sorzauqui (col)
  • Souhourtia (cayolar)
  • Thartassu
  • Udoya (cayolar)
  • Uhalberryborda
  • Uhaldéa
  • Uhaltéberria
  • Uhartéa
  • Urrutchoya
  • Urrutia (château)
  • Uthurbietta (fountain)
  • Uthurieta (cayolar)
  • Zouhourtia

Neighbouring communes and villages[2]

 Saint-Just-Ibarre Ordiarp Idaux-Mendy
Ahaxe-Alciette-Bascassan Sauguis-Saint-Étienne
   Aussurucq  
Mendive Lacarry-Arhan-Charritte-de-Haut Camou-Cihigue

Toponymy

The commune name in basque is Altzürükü.[1]

Jean-Baptiste Orpustan indicated that the name comes from the basque altzu ("alder tree") which is explained by the position of the valley covered in alder trees. The second part of the name is more enigmatic. According to Orpustan it could be from Urru ("the other side") or iri giving alzu-(i) ri-ku meaning "place in the Alder field".[5]

The following table details the origins of the commune name and other names in the commune.

Name Spelling Date Source Page Origin Description
Aussurucq Auçuruc 1189 Orpustan Village
Auzuruc 1337 Orpustan
Aussuruc 1385 Raymond
17
 Duchesne
Aussuruc 1412 Raymond
17
 Notaries
Ausuruc 1454 Raymond
17
 Not stated
Sent-Martin d'Auçuruc, Auserucus 1471 Raymond
17
 Chapter
Ausuruc 1520 Orpustan
Dassurucq 1690 Orpustan
Ausuruc 1690 Orpustan
Aussurucq 1690 Orpustan
La fontaine d'Ahusquy La fontaine d'Ahusquy 1863 Raymond
3
 Fountain
Arabéhère Arabéhère 1520 Raymond
7
 Soule Farm
Aran Aran 1520 Raymond
7
 Soule Farm
Arhanset Arhanset 1520 Raymond
10
 Soule Farm
Ariadar Ariadar 1520 Raymond
10
 Soule Farm
Arsusqui Arsusqui 1520 Raymond
13
 Soule Farm
Béherégaray Béherégaray 1520 Raymond
26
 Soule Farm
Carrica Carrica 1520 Raymond
42
 Soule Farm
Carricart Carricart 1520 Raymond
42
 Soule Farm
Carriquiri Carriquiri 1520 Raymond
42
 Soule Farm (possibly the current Carriquiborda Farm)
Goyen Goyen 1520 Raymond
73
 Soule Farm
Goyti Goyti 1520 Raymond
73
 Soule Farm
Iribarne Iribarne 1520 Raymond
83
 Soule Farm
Lapistoy Lapitztoy 1520 Raymond
93
 Soule Farm
Mendiburu Mendiburu 1520 Raymond
111
 Soule Farm
Nécol Nécol 1520 Raymond
122
 Soule Farm (possibly the current Nékolha Farm)
Sagarspe Sagarspe 1520 Raymond
145
 Soule Farm
Urruchoro Urruchoro 1520 Raymond
171
 Soule Farm
Burunolatxé Burunolatxé 1863 Raymond
37
 A Col between Alçay-Alçabéhéty-Sunharette and Aussurucq
Escuné Escuné 1863 Raymond
60
 Forest

Sources:

Origins:

History

In the Middle Palaeolithic era Soule was already populated as remains of Neanderthal prehistoric man have been found in the Xaxixiloaga caves in Aussurucq.[10] A tumulus was also reported at shepherd's cabins in Potxo[3] along the D147 road.

The central part of Soule is also called the Messagerie des Arbailles[11] between Basabürü and Pettarra (in the Sauguis-Saint-Étienne, Aussurucq, and Barcus regions).

Administration

The Town Hall in the chateau
The Fronton next to the church

List of Successive Mayors[12]

From To Name Party Position
1983 1989 Jean Etchebarne
1989 2008 Jean-Baptiste Queheille
2008 2020 Jean Carricaburu

(Not all data is known)

Inter-communality

The commune is part of six inter-communal structures:

Demography

In 2010 the commune had 251 inhabitants. The evolution of the number of inhabitants is known from the population censuses conducted in the commune since 1793. From the 21st century, a census of communes with fewer than 10,000 inhabitants is held every five years, unlike larger towns that have a sample survey every year.[Note 1]

Population Change (See database)
1793 1800 1806 1821 1831 1836 1841 1846 1851
596 574 637 700 711 632 701 740 716
1856 1861 1866 1872 1876 1881 1886 1891 1896
662 660 640 643 640 604 570 564 570
1901 1906 1911 1921 1926 1931 1936 1946 1954
523 512 518 472 502 459 437 432 401
1962 1968 1975 1982 1990 1999 2006 2010 -
379 347 289 293 274 254 254 251 -

Sources : Ldh/EHESS/Cassini until 1962, INSEE database from 1968 (population without double counting and municipal population from 2006)

Economy

Economic activity is based on agriculture (livestock and pasture). The commune is part of the Appellation d'origine contrôlée (AOC) zone of Ossau-iraty.

Culture and Heritage

The Château of Ruthie

The village features a dynamic scene related especially to Basque culture. The inhabitants of the village performed the pastoral Ürrüti Jauregiko Peirot in 2002, a play written by the son of the village Niko Etxart, an acclaimed Basque musician.

Civil heritage

Religious heritage

The Trinitarian steeple on the church with a horological curiosity on the roof

The town has a church with a Trinitarian steeple or a tower surmounted by three points of nearly equal height.[14] The church contains a processional cross (17th century) which is registered as an historical object.[15]

Environmental heritage

At the end of the 19th century, the Arbailles Forest covered parts of the communes of Aussurucq, Béhorléguy, Camou-Cihigue, Musculdy, Ordiarp, and Saint-Just-Ibarre.

A wealth of heritage in Aussurucq commune is contained in its sub-soil. Most of the territory of the commune is karstic. The environment is characterized by the presence of natural cavities in complex shapes that have not all yet been discovered or much less explored to date. Departmental cavers have undertaken the exploration, description, and publication of this heritage respecting the environment and the local population. One of the most beautiful caves in the commune is the Nébélé which has been the subject of works and regular explorations since 1972.

The peak of Ascune stands at 860 m, Echagorry is 935 m, Elsarré is 1,153 m, Sihigue is 1,193 m, and Etchecortia is 1,204 m.[3] In the south-west of the commune, Bohorcortia is 1,214 metres high.[3]

Amenities

The town has a primary school (Garaibie).

Notable people linked to the commune

See also

External links

Notes and references

Notes

  1. ↑ At the beginning of the 21st century, the methods of identification have been modified by Law No. 2002-276 of 27 February 2002, the so-called "law of local democracy" and in particular Title V "census operations" allows, after a transitional period running from 2004 to 2008, the annual publication of the legal population of the different French administrative districts. For communes with a population greater than 10,000 inhabitants, a sample survey is conducted annually, the entire territory of these communes is taken into account at the end of the period of five years. The first "legal population" after 1999 under this new law came into force on 1 January 2009 and was based on the census of 2006.

References

  1. 1 2 Euskaltzaindia - Academy of the Basque Language (Basque)
  2. 1 2 3 Google Maps
  3. 1 2 3 4 Géoportail, IGN (French)
  4. 1 2 3 4 5 6 Topographic Dictionary of the Department of Basses-Pyrenees, Paul Raymond, Imprimerie nationale, 1863, Digitised from Lyon Public Library 15 June 2011 (French)
  5. 1 2 Jean-Baptiste Orpustan, New Basque Toponymy, Presses universitaires de Bordeaux, 2006, ISBN 2 86781 396 4 (French)
  6. ↑ Duchesne Collection, volumes 99 to 114, containing the papers of Oihenart, former Imperial Librarian - Bibliothèque nationale de France
  7. ↑ Departmental Archives of Pyrénées-Atlantiques (French)
  8. ↑ Chapter of Bayonne in the Departmental Archives of Pyrénées-Atlantiques (French)
  9. ↑ Customs of Soule in 1520, printed at Pau in 1760 (French)
  10. ↑ See the article ' (French)
  11. ↑ The duty of the messenger of the royal procurer was the surveillance of a defined geographic zone - Paul Raymond, Topographic Dictionary of Béarn-basque country (French)
  12. ↑ List of Mayors of France (French)
  13. ↑ Ministry of Culture, Mérimée PA00084327 Chateau of Ruthie (French)
  14. ↑ Philippe Veyrin, The Basques, p. 241, Arthaud, 20 December 1975 (French)
  15. ↑ Ministry of Culture, Palissy PM64000061 Processional Cross (French)
  16. ↑ Claude de Vic, Joseph Vaissète, and Alexandre Du Mège, General History of Languedoc: with notes and justification pieces, J.B. Paya, 1841 (French)
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