Autologous patient-specific tumor antigen response

Autologous patient-specific tumor antigen response (apSTAR) technology is a new cancer treatment procedure being developed by IMULAN BioTherapeutics, LLC and Veterinary Cancer Therapeutics, LLC for comparative oncology.

Also known as laser-assisted immunotherapy, apSTAR is an experimental cancer treatment for solid tumors that uses an autologous vaccine-like approach to stimulate immune responses. Specifically, laser-assisted immunotherapy combines laser-induced in situ tumor devitalization with an immunoadjuvant for local immunostimulation.[1][2][3][4][5][6][7]

Principles of apSTAR

The two principles underlying apSTAR are: local destruction of tumor by means of a laser combined with a photo-absorbing dye and stimulated immune response due to the application of an immunoadjuvant, but also due to increases in antigen accessibility caused by the destruction of the tumor. Both elements of this protocol are crucial. Since this method independently triggers the immune response in each individual, it does not depend upon cross reactivity in the expression of tumor-specific antigen between hosts (as is required in conventional antibody immunotherapy and vaccination.)

Trials

Veterinary Cancer Therapeutics, LLC, a subsidiary of IMULAN BioTherapeutics, LLC, is in exploratory trials for canine osteosarcoma, canine melanoma, canine and feline fibrosarcoma, and several other forms of cancer.[8]

References

  1. ↑ Song S, Zhou F, Nordquist RE, Carubelli R, Liu H, Chen WR (June 2009). "Glycated chitosan as a new non-toxic immunological stimulant". Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol. 31 (2): 202–8. doi:10.1080/08923970802629593. PMID 19514994.
  2. ↑ Chen WR, Huang Z, Korbelik M, Nordquist RE, Liu H (2006). "Photoimmunotherapy for cancer treatment". J. Environ. Pathol. Toxicol. Oncol. 25 (1-2): 281–91. doi:10.1615/jenvironpatholtoxicoloncol.v25.i1-2.180. PMID 16566724.
  3. ↑ Chen WR, Korbelik M, Bartels KE, Liu H, Sun J, Nordquist RE (2005). "Enhancement of laser cancer treatment by a chitosan-derived immunoadjuvant". Photochem. Photobiol. 81 (1): 190–5. doi:10.1562/2004-07-20-RA-236. PMID 15535737.
  4. ↑ Chen WR, Carubelli R, Liu H, Nordquist RE (September 2003). "Laser immunotherapy: a novel treatment modality for metastatic tumors". Mol. Biotechnol. 25 (1): 37–44. doi:10.1385/MB:25:1:37. PMID 13679633.
  5. ↑ Chen WR, Liu H, Ritchey JW, Bartels KE, Lucroy MD, Nordquist RE (August 2002). "Effect of different components of laser immunotherapy in treatment of metastatic tumors in rats". Cancer Res. 62 (15): 4295–9. PMID 12154032.
  6. ↑ Chen WR, Zhu WG, Dynlacht JR, Liu H, Nordquist RE (May 1999). "Long-term tumor resistance induced by laser photo-immunotherapy". Int. J. Cancer. 81 (5): 808–12. doi:10.1002/(SICI)1097-0215(19990531)81:5<808::AID-IJC23>3.0.CO;2-J. PMID 10328237.
  7. ↑ Chen WR, Adams RL, Carubelli R, Nordquist RE (May 1997). "Laser-photosensitizer assisted immunotherapy: a novel modality for cancer treatment". Cancer Lett. 115 (1): 25–30. doi:10.1016/S0304-3835(97)04707-1. PMID 9097975.
  8. ↑ http://www.IMULAN.com
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