Balagan-Tas

Coordinates: 65°57′N 145°54′E / 65.95°N 145.9°E / 65.95; 145.9 Balagan-Tas (Балаган-Тас) is a volcano in Russia. It was discovered by V.A. Zimin in 1939.[1]

This volcano is located in the Chersky range,[2] in the Moma river valley and is the only clearly Quaternary volcano in the area; the existence of another volcano active in the 1770s has not been confirmed.[3] The supposed Indighirsky volcano may be actually Balagan-Tas.[4] Its location has often been given incorrectly.[5]

Balagan-Tas is a volcanic cone with a crater of which little remains. It covers a surface area of 1.8 square kilometres (0.69 sq mi).[6] The crater is 200 metres (660 ft) wide and 40 metres (130 ft) deep, the cone is 300 metres (980 ft) high and has a base diametre of 1,200 metres (3,900 ft).[7] It may be considered a composite volcano.[8] The volcano has generated three lava flows which cover a surface area of 45 square kilometres (17 sq mi).[5] They reach a thickness of 10 metres (33 ft).[6]

The volcano has erupted alkali basalts typical for rift zone volcanoes.[5] Its composition has been characterized as hawaiite.[4] Titanium dioxide contents of 3.81% have been measured. The helium-3/helium-4 ratios approach these associated with mantle plumes.[1]

Balagan-Tas lies on an anticline.[9] It is associated with faulting.[10] Further it is related to the Moma-Zoryansk rift and the Gakkel ridge, which extends to the Laptev sea.[11] The De Long Islands and a potentially Quaternary dyke complex of the Viliga river may also be related.[2] This tectonic activity is related to the interaction between the Eurasian Plate and the North American Plate.[12]

Other volcanoes are found in the neighbourhood.[5] Northwest of Balagan-Tas lies the Uraga Khaya volcano;[13] it is located 66°06′N 145°24′E / 66.1°N 145.4°E / 66.1; 145.4 and is a lava dome formed by rhyolite. Its age is unclear, potassium-argon dating has yielded an age of 16.6 mya but its appearance indicates it may be considerably younger. A further volcano may exist northwest of this centre.[5] A liparite dome named Majak is located at 66°27′N 147°09′E / 66.45°N 147.15°E / 66.45; 147.15,[6] but it may be the same as Uraga Khaya and the coordinates wrong.[5]

Potassium-argon dating of Balagan-Tas has yielded an age of 266,000 ± 30,000 years ago, comparable to Anyuj volcano.[14] Other sources consider the volcano late Holocene in age,[15] or even as active during historical time.[1] Hot springs are found southeast of Balagan-Tas. They reach temperatures of 30 °C (86 °F),[16] which together with the other activity indicates a hot upper mantle.[1] If reports of activity of the supposed Indighirsky volcano in the 1770s refer to Balagan-Tas,[6] this volcano may have had historical activity, [6] one of the few outside of Kamchatka in continental Asia.[17]

References

  1. 1 2 3 4 Grachev, A. F. (31 October 2003). "The Arctic rift system and the boundary between the Eurasian and North American lithospheric plates: New insight to plate tectonic theory". Russian Journal of Earth Sciences. 5 (5): 307–345. doi:10.2205/2003ES000135.
  2. 1 2 Silantyev, S.A.; Bogdanovskii, O.G.; Fedorov, P.I.; Karpenko, S.F.; Kostitsyn, Yu.A (June 2004). "Intraplate magmatism of the De Long Islands: A response to the propagation of the ultraslow-spreading Gakkel Ridge into the passive continental margin in the Laptev Sea" (PDF). Russian Journal of Earth Sciences. 6 (3): 172. Retrieved 23 September 2016.
  3. ↑ Maria Shahgedanova (2002). The Physical Geography of Northern Eurasia. Oxford University Press. p. 300. ISBN 978-0-19-823384-8.
  4. 1 2 Whitford-Stark 1983, p. 199.
  5. 1 2 3 4 5 6 Fujita, Cambray & Velbel 1990, p. 110.
  6. 1 2 3 4 5 Whitford-Stark 1987, p. 24.
  7. ↑ Whitford-Stark 1987, p. 48.
  8. ↑ Whitford-Stark 1987, p. 29.
  9. ↑ Whitford-Stark 1983, p. 213.
  10. ↑ Matveyenko, V. T.; Shatalov, E. T. (February 1963). "FRACTURES, MAGMATISM AND MINERALIZATION IN THE NORTHEAST OF THE U.S.S R. (PART 1 OF 2)". International Geology Review. 5 (2): 153. doi:10.1080/00206816309473762.
  11. ↑ Richard E. Ernst; Kenneth L. Buchan (1 January 2001). Mantle Plumes: Their Identification Through Time. Geological Society of America. p. 213. ISBN 978-0-8137-2352-5.
  12. ↑ Whitford-Stark 1987, p. 39.
  13. ↑ Fujita, Cambray & Velbel 1990, p. 111.
  14. ↑ Pevzner, M. M.; Gertsev, D. O.; Romanenko, F. A.; Kushcheva, Yu. V. (6 July 2011). "The first data on isotopic age of Anyui volcano (Chukotka)". Doklady Earth Sciences. 438 (2): 737. doi:10.1134/S1028334X11060109.
  15. ↑ Whitford-Stark 1987, p. 35.
  16. ↑ Fujita, Cambray & Velbel 1990, p. 112.
  17. ↑ Whitford-Stark 1987, p. 31.

Sources

  • Whitford-Stark, J. L. (1987). "A survey of Cenozoic volcanism on mainland Asia". 213: 1–74. doi:10.1130/SPE213-p1. ISSN 0072-1077. 
  • Whitford-Stark, J.L. (December 1983). "Cenozoic volcanic and petrochemical provinces of Mainland Asia". Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research. 19 (3-4): 193–222. doi:10.1016/0377-0273(83)90110-5. 
  • Fujita, Kazuya; Cambray, F.William; Velbel, Michael A (June 1990). "Tectonics of the Laptev Sea and Moma rift systems, northeastern USSR". Marine Geology. 93: 95–118. doi:10.1016/0025-3227(90)90079-Y. 

Further reading

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