Bay of Islands (New Zealand electorate)

Bay of Islands is a former New Zealand parliamentary electorate. It existed during various periods between 1853 and 1993. It was thus one of the original 24 electoral districts, and New Zealand's first ever MP was elected, although unopposed, in the Bay of Islands; Hugh Carleton thus liked to be called the Father of the House.

Population centres

The previous electoral redistribution was undertaken in 1875 for the 1875–76 election. In the six years since, New Zealand's European population had increased by 65%. In the 1881 electoral redistribution, the House of Representatives increased the number of European representatives to 91 (up from 84 since the 1875–76 election). The number of Māori electorates was held at four. The House further decided that electorates should not have more than one representative, which led to 35 new electorates being formed, and two electorates that had previously been abolished to be recreated, including Bay of Islands. This necessitated a major disruption to existing boundaries.^[1]

The electorate is centred on the Bay of Islands in the Northland Region, and includes the following population centres: Kerikeri.

History

Hugh Carleton was elected to the seat in the first New Zealand Parliament in 1853. Although he was elected unopposed, he was the first MP elected and liked to be called Father of the House.^[2] He represented the seat until 1870, when he was defeated.^[3]

The Bay of Islands electorate existed from 1853 to 1870, then from 1881 to 1946 (when it was replaced by the Hobson electorate), then from 1978 to 1993, after which it became the Far North electorate.^[4] In 1996 it became the Northland electorate.

Members representing the electorate from 1881 to 1922 were Richard Hobbs 1881–1890 (retired), Robert Houston 1890–1908 (retired), Vernon Reed 1908–1915 (election declared void) and 1917–1922 (defeated), and William Stewart 1915–1917(resigned). In 1929, Harold Rushworth, a Country Party member, had his 1928 election declared void, but he won the subsequent by-election.^[5]

The 1890 election was contested by Robert Houston, James Trounsen, John Lundon and Joseph Dargaville, and they received 465, 454, 385 and 352 votes, respectively. Houston, who represented the Liberal Party, was thus declared elected.^[6]^:1–3

The 1893 election was contested by Houston (1431 votes), Trownson (1200 votes) and Dargaville (399 votes). The incumbent was thus re-elected.^[7]

The 1896 election was contested by Houston (1592 votes) and John Press (965 votes). The incumbent was again re-elected.^[8] Houston remained the electorate's representative until he retired at the 1908 election.^[9]

Houston was succeeded by Vernon Reed, who represented the Liberal Party in the 1908 and 1911 elections.^[10] The opposition candidate in 1908 was John Charles Johnson,^[11] and by 1911 the Reform Party had established itself and George Wilkinson was their candidate.^[12]

Harold Rushworth of the Country Party represented the electorate from the 1928 election onwards.^[13] For the 1935 election, the United Party chose Robert Boyd Russell as their candidate. On 7 October 1935, Russell died in a rifle accident on his farm.^[14] The United Party selected Clive Cameron as their replacement candidate.^[15]

Members of Parliament

Key

Independent Liberal Reform Country Party Labour National

Election	Winner
1853 election		Hugh Carleton
1855 election
1861 election
1866 election
(Electorate abolished 1870–1881, see Mongonui and Bay of Islands)
1881 election		Richard Hobbs
1884 election
1887 election
1890 election		Robert Houston
1893 election
1896 election
1899 election
1902 election
1905 election
1908 election		Vernon Reed
1911 election
1911 election
1914 election
1915 by-election		William Stewart
1917 by-election		Vernon Reed
1919 election		Vernon Reed
1922 election		Allen Bell
1925 election		Allen Bell
1928 election		Harold Rushworth
1929 by-election
1931 election
1935 election
1938 election		Charles Boswell
1943 election		Sidney Walter Smith
(Electorate abolished 1946–1978, see Hobson)
1978 election		Neill Austin
1981 election
1984 election
1987 election		John Carter
1990 election		John Carter
(Electorate abolished 1993)

Election results

1938 election

General election, 1938: Bay of Islands^[16]^[17]
Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±
	Labour	Charles Wallace Boswell	4,556	50.91
	National	Harold Fisher Guy	4,393	49.09
Majority			163	1.82	-19.17
Informal votes			252	2.74
Turnout			9,201	93.54
Registered electors			9,836

1935 election

General election, 1935: Bay of Islands^[18]
Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±
	Country Party	Harold Rushworth	6,004	59.41	+2.49
	United	Clive Cameron	3,883	38.42
	Independent Liberal	R E Hornblow	190	1.88
	Reform	J B Kennedy	28	0.27
Majority			2,121	20.98	+7.13
Turnout			10,105		+13.49

1931 election

General election, 1931: Bay of Islands^[19]
Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±
	Country Party	Harold Rushworth	4,970	56.92	+4.07
	Reform	Allen Bell	3,761	43.08	-4.07
Majority			1,209	13.85	+8.13
Informal votes			25	0.29	-0.13
Turnout			8,756	87.02	-2.47
Registered electors			10,062

1929 by-election

Bay of Islands by-election, 1929^[20]
Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±
	Country Party	Harold Rushworth	4,385	52.86	+5.03
	Reform	Allen Bell	3,911	47.14	-0.66
Majority			474	5.71	+5.69
Informal votes			35	0.42	-0.31
Turnout			8,331	89.49	+3.06
	Country Party gain from Reform		Swing
Registered electors			9,309

1928 election

General election, 1928: Bay of Islands^[13]^[21]
Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±
	Country Party	Harold Rushworth	3,820	47.83
	Reform	Allen Bell	3,818	47.80	-8.44
	Liberal-Labour	Robert Edward Hornblow	349	4.37	+0.72
Majority			2	0.03	-37.20
Informal votes			59	0.73	-0.26
Turnout			8,046	86.43	-3.58
Registered electors			9,309

1925 election

General election, 1925: Bay of Islands^[22]
Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±
	Reform	Allen Bell	4,211	56.24	+4.90
	Country Party	Hugh James Sweeney	1,424	19.02
	Labour	Allan Edward Bisset	1,268	16.94
	Liberal	Richard Theophilus Wrathall^{[mb 1]}	311	4.15
	Liberal	Robert Edward Hornblow	273	3.65
Majority			2,787	37.22	+34.53
Informal votes			75	0.99	-0.61
Turnout			7,562	90.01	+3.79
Registered electors			839

↑ Wrathall stood for the 'National Party', a splinter group of the Liberal Party

1922 election

General election, 1922: Bay of Islands^[23]
Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±
	Independent	Allen Bell	3,585	51.35
	Reform	Vernon Reed	3,397	48.65	-13.45
Majority			188	2.69	-21.51
Informal votes			114	1.61	+0.48
Turnout			7,096	86.22	+7.52
Registered electors			8,230

1919 election

General election, 1919: Bay of Islands^[24]
Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Reform	Vernon Reed	3,066	62.10
	Independent Liberal	St. Claire Jounneaux	1,871	37.90
Majority			1,195	24.20
Informal votes			56	1.12
Turnout			4,993	78.70
Registered electors			6,344

1915 by-election

Bay of Islands by-election, 1915^[25]^[26]
Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±
	Reform	William Stewart	3,264	59.51
	Liberal	George Gardiner Menzies^[27]	2,221	40.49
Majority			1,043	19.02	+17.25
Informal votes			6	0.11	-0.88
Turnout			5,491	75.98	-9.60
	Reform gain from Liberal		Swing
Registered electors			7,227

1914 election

General election, 1914: Bay of Islands^[28]
Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±
	Reform	Vernon Reed	2,328	38.01	-13.76
	Liberal	Peter Buck	2,220	36.25
	Reform	George Wilkinson^{[nb 1]}	1,576	25.73	-22.49
Majority			108	1.76	-1.78
Informal votes			61	0.99	-0.11
Turnout			6,185	85.58	5.61
Registered electors			7,227

Table footnotes:

↑ George Wilkinson had been the official Reform Party candidate in the 1911 election whilst Vernon Reed had stood for the Liberal Party, but in 1914, Reed became the official candidate of the Reform Party.^[29]

1911 election

General election, 1911: Bay of Islands, first ballot^[12]
Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±
	Liberal	Vernon Reed	2,671	51.77	-1.37
	Reform	George Wilkinson	2,488	48.23
Majority			183	3.55	-2.73
Informal votes			57	1.09
Turnout			5,216	79.98	+3.20
Registered electors			6,522

1908 election

General election, 1908: Bay of Islands, first ballot^[11]
Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Liberal	Vernon Reed	2,242	53.14
	Conservative	John Charles Johnson	1,977	46.86
Majority			265	6.28
Turnout			4,219	76.78
Registered electors			5,495

1893 election

General election, 1893: Bay of Islands^[30]^[31]
Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±
	Liberal	Robert Houston	1,431	47.23	+19.16
	Conservative	James Trounsen^[32]	1,200	39.60	+12.19
	Liberal	Joseph Dargaville	399	13.17	-8.08
Majority			231	7.62	+6.96
Turnout			3,030	61.64	+12.03
Registered electors			4,916

1890 election

General election, 1890: Bay of Islands^[6]
Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Liberal	Robert Houston	465	28.07
	Conservative	James Trounsen	454	27.41
	Liberal	John Lundon	385	23.24
	Liberal	Joseph Dargaville	352	21.25
Majority			11	0.66
Turnout			1,656	49.49
Registered electors			3,346

1884 election

General election, 1884: Bay of Islands^[33]
Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Independent	Richard Hobbs	355	56.08
	Independent	Gannon	198	31.28
	Independent	McKenzie	80	12.64
Majority			157	24.80
Turnout			633

Notes

↑ McRobie 1989, pp. 43–48.
↑ McLintock, A. H., ed. (23 April 2009) [First published in 1966]. "Carleton, Hugh Francis". An Encyclopaedia of New Zealand. Ministry for Culture and Heritage / Te Manatū Taonga. Retrieved 27 September 2013.
↑ Wilson 1985, p. 188.
↑ Wilson 1985, p. 259.
↑ Wilson 1985.
1 2 "The General Election, 1890". National Library. 1891. Retrieved 25 February 2012.
↑ "The General Election, 1893". National Library. 1894. pp. 1–4. Retrieved 25 February 2012.
↑ "Bay of Islands". Auckland Star. XXVII (290). 7 December 1896. p. 2. Retrieved 13 April 2012.
↑ Wilson 1985, p. 206.
↑ Wilson 1985, p. 228.
1 2 AtoJs 1908 election 1909, p. 1.
1 2 AtoJs 1911 election 1912, p. 1.
1 2 The General Election, 1928. Government Printer. 1929. p. 1. Retrieved 4 December 2013.
↑ "Fatally Shot". Auckland Star. LXVI (238). 8 October 1935. p. 11. Retrieved 4 May 2015.
↑ "Bay of Islands Seat". The Evening Post. CXX (91). 14 October 1935. p. 11. Retrieved 4 May 2015.
↑ "The General Election, 1938". National Library. 1939. p. 1. Retrieved 30 November 2014.
↑ "Electoral". The New Zealand Herald. LXXV (23181). 29 October 1938. p. 25. Retrieved 30 November 2014.
↑ The New Zealand Official Year-Book. Government Printer. 1936. Retrieved 3 August 2013.
↑ The General Election, 1931. Government Printer. 1932. p. 1. Retrieved 2 November 2014.
↑ "Bay of Islands Seat - Final Figures Announced". The Evening Post. CVII (91). 20 April 1929. p. 10. Retrieved 21 August 2011.
↑ "Public Notices". Auckland Star. LIX (302). 21 December 1928. p. 5. Retrieved 8 November 2014.
↑ The General Election, 1925. Government Printer. 1926. p. 1. Retrieved 25 April 2015.
↑ Hislop, J. (1923). The General Election, 1922. Government Printer. p. 1. Retrieved 24 April 2015.
↑ Hislop, J. (1921). The General Election, 1919. National Library. p. 1. Retrieved 26 April 2015.
↑ "Bay of Islands Election". The Evening Post. LXXXIX (144). 19 June 1915. p. 6. Retrieved 30 April 2015.
↑ "Bay of Islands Election". King Country Chronicle. IX (775). 2 June 1915. p. 5. Retrieved 29 April 2015.
↑ Cyclopedia Company Limited (1902). "Mr. George Gardiner Menzies". The Cyclopedia of New Zealand : Auckland Provincial District. Christchurch: The Cyclopedia of New Zealand. Retrieved 30 April 2015.
↑ Hislop 1915, p. 1.
↑ "Political Gossip". The Marlborough Express. C (266). 16 November 1914. p. 3. Retrieved 26 April 2015.
↑ "The General Election, 1893". National Library. 1894. p. 1. Retrieved 19 November 2013.
↑ "The General Election". Otago Daily Times. 28 November 1893. p. 6. Retrieved 28 November 2013.
↑ "Page 4 Advertisements Column 3". The Northern Advocate. 25 November 1893. p. 4. Retrieved 19 November 2013.
↑ 1884 election results

References

Hislop, J. (1915). The General Election, 1914. National Library. Retrieved 25 April 2015.
Mansfield, F. W. (1909). The General Election, 1908. National Library. Retrieved 25 April 2015.
Mansfield, F. W. (1912). The General Election, 1911. National Library. Retrieved 25 April 2015.
McRobie, Alan (1989). Electoral Atlas of New Zealand. Wellington: GP Books. ISBN 0-477-01384-8.
Wilson, James Oakley (1985) [First published in 1913]. New Zealand Parliamentary Record, 1840–1984 (4th ed.). Wellington: V.R. Ward, Govt. Printer. OCLC 154283103.

Historic electorates of New Zealand » current electorates »

General electorates	Akaroa Albany Aoraki Arch Hill Ashburton Ashley Auckland Auckland East Auckland North Auckland Suburbs Auckland West Avon Awarua Banks Peninsula Bay of Islands Birkenhead Brooklyn Bruce Buller Caversham Chalmers Cheviot Christchurch Christchurch Country Christchurch North Christchurch South Christchurch West City of Auckland City of Christchurch City of Dunedin City of Nelson City of Wellington Clevedon Clive Clutha Coleridge Collingwood County of Hawke Courtenay Dunedin Dunedin Central Dunedin Country Dunedin East Dunedin and Suburbs North Dunedin and Suburbs South Dunedin Suburbs Dunedin West Dunstan East Cape Eastern Bay of Plenty Eastern Hutt Eden Egmont Ellesmere Fendalton Far North Foxton Franklin Franklin North Franklin South Geraldine Gisborne Glenfield Gladstone Grey Grey and Bell Grey Lynn Greymouth Grey Valley Halswell Hamilton Hampden Hastings Hauraki Hawera Hawkes Bay Heathcote Henderson Heretaunga Hobson Hokitika Hokonui Horowhenua Howick Hurunui Hutt Inangahua Island Bay Kaiapoi Kaimai Kaipara Kapiti Karapiro Karori King Country Kumara Lincoln Linwood Lyttelton Mahia Manawatu Manuherikia Manukau Maramarua Marlborough Marsden Masterton Matakana Matamata Mataura Mid-Canterbury Miramar Moeraki Mongonui Mongonui and Bay of Islands Mornington Motueka Motueka and Massacre Bay Mount Herbert Mount Ida Mount Victoria Newton Newtown Northern Division Oamaru Ohariu-Belmont Ohinemuri Omata Onehunga Onslow Oroua Otago Otago Central Otahuhu Otara Owairaka Pahiatua Palmerston Panmure Papanui Papatoetoe Pareora Parnell Patea Pencarrow Peninsula Pensioner Settlements Petone Piako Picton Ponsonby Porirua Port Chalmers Port Waikato Raglan Rakaia Rangiora Rangiriri Remuera Riccarton Riverton Roskill Roslyn Ruahine St Albans St Kilda South Canterbury Southern Division Stanmore Stratford Suburbs of Auckland Suburbs of Nelson Sydenham Taieri Taranaki Tarawera Tasman Taumarunui Te Aro Te Aroha Temuka Thames Thorndon Timaru Titirangi Tongariro Totara Tuapeka Waiapu Waihemo Waikaia Waikaremoana Waikouaiti Waimarino Waimate Waimea Waimea-Picton Waimea-Sounds Waipa Waipareira Waipawa Wairarapa and Hawke's Bay Wairarapa North Wairarapa South Wairau Waitemata Waitakere Waitomo Waitotara Wakanui Wakatipu Wallace Wanganui and Rangitikei Wellington Wellington Country Wellington East Wellington-Karori Wellington North Wellington South Wellington South and Suburbs Wellington Suburbs Wellington Suburbs and Country Wellington West West Auckland West Coast Western Hutt Westland Westland Boroughs Westland North Westland South Woodville Yaldhurst

Māori electorates	Eastern Maori Hauraki Maori Northern Maori Southern Maori Tainui Te Puku O Te Whenua Te Tai Rawhiti Western Maori

Goldminers' electorates	Gold Fields Gold Field Towns

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