Bothremydidae

Bothremydidae Temporal range: 99.6–40.4 Ma PreЄ Є O S D C P T J K Pg N
Gafsachelys spp. skull
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Class:	Reptilia
Order:	Testudines
Suborder:	Pleurodira
Family:	†Bothremydidae Baur, 1891

Bothremydidae is an extinct family of side-necked turtles. They belong to suborder Pleurodira and the order Testudines. Like their modern relatives, bothremydidids often inhabited freshwater, but several species were instead marine;^[1] they are unrelated to modern sea turtles. They were actively mobile omnivores. They became extinct in the Late Eocene.^[2]

The family is split into two subfamilies and a number of tribes.^[3]

Bothremydidae

• Subfamily Bothremydinae Gaffney et al. 2006
  • Tribe Bothremydini Gaffney et al. 2006
    • Subtribe Bothremydina Gaffney et al. 2006
      • Araiochelys Gaffney et al. 2006
        • Araiochelys hirayamai Gaffney et al. 2006
      • Bothremys Leidy 1865 (jr synonym: Karkaemys)
        • Bothremys arabicus (Zalmout et al. 2005)
        • Bothremys cooki Leidy 1865
        • Bothremys kellyi Gaffney et al. 2006
        • Bothremys maghrebiana Gaffney et al. 2006
      • Chedighaii Gaffney et al. 2006
        • Chedighaii barberi (Schmidt 1940)
        • Chedighaii hutchisoni Gaffney et al. 2006
      • Rosasia Costa 1940
        • Rosasia soutoi Carrington da Costa 1940
      • Inaechelys Carvalho 2016
        • Inaechelys pernambucensis Caralho 2016
      • Zolhafah Lapparent de Broin and Werner 1998
        • Zolhafah bella Lapparent de Broin and Werner 1998
    • Subtribe Foxemydina Gaffney et al. 2006
      • Elochelys Nopsca 1931
        • Elochelys convenarum Laurent et al. 2002
        • Elochelys perfecta Nopsca 1931
      • Foxemys Tong et al. 1998
        • Foxemys mechinorum Tong et al. 1998
      • Polysternon Portis 1882
        • Polysternon atlanticum Lapparent de Broin and Murelaga 1996
        • Polysternon provinciale (Matheron 1869)
      • Puentemys Cadena et al., 2012
        • Puentemys mushaisaensis Cadena et al., 2012
  • Tribe Taphrosphyini Gaffney et al. 2006
    • Subtribe Nigermydina Gaffney et al. 2006
      • Arenila Lapparent de Broin and Werner 1998
        • Arenila krebsi Lapparent de Broin and Werner 1998
    • Subtribe Taphrosphyina Gaffney et al. 2006
      • Azabbaremys Gaffney et al. 2001
        • Azabbaremys moragjonesi Gaffney et al. 2001
      • Phosphatochelys Gaffney and Tong 2003
        • Phosphatochelys tedfordi Gaffney and Tong 2003
      • Rhothonemys Gaffney et al. 2006
        • Rhothonemys brinkmani Gaffney et al. 2006
      • Taphrosphys Cope 1869 (jr synonyms: Amblypeza, Bantuchelys, Prochonias)
        • Taphrosphys congolensis (Dollo 1912)
        • Taphrosphys dares Hay 1908 (nomen dubium)
        • Taphrosphys ippolitoi Gaffney et al. 2006
        • Taphrosphys sulcatus (Leidy 1856)
      • Ummulisani Gaffney et al. 2006
        • Ummulisani rutgersensis Gaffney et al. 2006
      • Crassachelys (nomen dubium)
        • Crassachelys neurirregularis (Bergounioux 1952)
      • Eusarkia (nomen dubium)
      • Gafsachelys Stefano 1903 (nomen dubium)
      • Labrostochelys Gaffney et al. 2006
        • Labrostochelys galkini Gaffney et al. 2006
  • Tribe Cearachelyini Gaffney et al. 2006
    • Cearachelys Gaffney et al.
      • Cearachelys placidoi Gaffney et al. 2001
    • Galianemys Gaffney et al. 2002
      • Galianemys emringeri Gaffney et al. 2002
      • Galianemys whitei Gaffney et al. 2002
• Subfamily Kurmademydinae Gaffney et al. 2006
  • Tribe Kurmademydini Gaffney et al. 2006
    • Kinkonychelys Gaffney et al. 2009
      • Kinkonychelys rogersi Gaffney et al. 2009
    • Kurmademys Gaffney et al. 2001
      • Kurmademys kallamedensis Gaffney et al. 2001
    • Sankuchemys Gaffney et al. 2003
      • Sankuchemys sethnai Gaffney et al. 2003

Phylogeny

Below is a cladogram by Gaffney et al. in 2006:^[4]

	Chelidae
	Pelomedusoides Araripemys Pelomedusidae Euraxemydidae Dirqadium Euraxemys Podocnemidioidea Podocnemidinura Bothremydidae Kurmademydini Kurmademys Sankuchemys Bothremydinae Cearachelyini Galianemys Cearachelys Bothremyodda Bothremydini Foxemys (=Polysternon) Polysternon Zolhafah Rosasia Araiochelys Chedighaii hutchisoni Chedighaii barberi Bothremys cooki Bothremys magrhebiana Bothremys kellyi Bothremys arabicus Taphrosphyini Nigeremys Arenila Azabbaremys Labrostochelys Taphrosphys Rhothonemys Phosphatochelys Ummulisani

References

1. Anny Rafaela de Araújo Carvalho; Aline Marcele Ghilardi; Alcina Magnólia Franca Barreto (2016). "A new side-neck turtle (Pelomedusoides: Bothremydidae) from the Early Paleocene (Danian) Maria Farinha Formation, Paraíba Basin, Brazil". Zootaxa 4126 (4): 491–513. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.4126.4.3.
2. Adán Pérez-García, A new turtle confirms the presence of Bothremydidae (Pleurodira) in the Cenozoic of Europe and expands the biostratigraphic range of Foxemydina, The Science of Nature August 2016, 103:50 First online: 04 June 2016
3. The Paleontology Database Bothremydidae entry accessed on 26 January 2011
4. Gaffney, E.S.; Haiyan, T.; Meylan, P.A. (2006). "EVOLUTION OF THE SIDE-NECKED TURTLES: THE FAMILIES BOTHREMYDIDAE, EURAXEMYDIDAE, ANDARARIPEMYDIDAE". BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY. 300: 700.