Boule (crystal)

Crystallization
Concepts
Crystallization · Crystal growth Recrystallization · Seed crystal Protocrystalline · Single crystal
Methods and technology
Boules Bridgman–Stockbarger technique Czochralski process Fractional crystallization Fractional freezing Hydrothermal synthesis Laser-heated pedestal growth Crystal bar process
Fundamentals
Nucleation · Crystal Crystal structure · Solid

A boule is a single crystal ingot produced by synthetic means. A boule of silicon is the starting material for most of the integrated circuits used today.

Monocrystalline silicon boule

In the semiconductor industry, boules can be made by a number of methods, such as the Bridgman technique and the Czochralski process, which result in a cylindrical rod of material.

In the Czochralski process a seed crystal is required to create a larger crystal, or ingot. This seed crystal is dipped into the pure molten silicon and slowly extracted. The molten silicon grows on the seed crystal in a crystalline fashion. As the seed is extracted the silicon solidifies and eventually a large, cylindrical boule is produced.

A semiconductor crystal boule is normally cut with a diamond saw into circular wafers, and each wafer is polished to provide substrates suitable for the fabrication of semiconductor devices on its surface.

The process is also used to create sapphires, which are used for substrates in the production of blue and white LEDs, optical windows in special applications and as the protective covers for watches.