Bulgarian mafia

"Mutri" redirects here. For the Italian municipality, see Cusano Mutri.
Bulgarian Mafia
Territory Bulgaria
Balkans
Eastern Europe
Ethnicity Bulgarians
Criminal activities Arms trafficking, Drug trafficking, Money laundering, arson, Assault, counterfeiting, Extortion, Fraud, Human trafficking, illegal gambling, Kidnapping, Murder, prostitution, Racketeering, Theft.

The Bulgarian mafia (Bulgarian: мутри, mutri) is a series of organized crime elements originating from Bulgaria.

Organized crime groups and activities

Bulgarian organized crime groups are involved in a wide range of activities, including drug trafficking, cigarette smuggling, human trafficking, prostitution, illicit antiquities trafficking, extortion (often under the cover of ostensible security and insurance companies), racketeering, various financial crimes, car theft and the arms trade. They appear to have connections with the Russian Mafia, Serbian Mafia, and the Italian Cosa Nostra. Bulgarian organized crime groups mainly use security and insurance companies such as SIC and VIS as fronts for criminal activities.

The organized crime (OC) groups is arguably the most serious problem in the country. OC groups range from local street extorters to international drug dealers and money launderers. There were an estimated 118 organized crime groups in Bulgaria in 2004. Not a single major OC figure has been punished by the Bulgarian law, though there are nominal on-going series of OC-related assassinations. The criminal wealth is usually laundered into ownership of sports teams, property developments and financial institutions. Organized crime influence all state institutions, including the government, parliament and judiciary, organized criminals donate to all the major political parties, they "own" municipalities and individual members of parliament, controlling municipal councils and mayors. Bulgarian governments have done little to reduce the presence of organized crime, despite domestic efforts and U.S. and EU pressure to combat it.[1] According to a former United States Ambassador to Bulgaria, Prime Minister Boyko Borisov has links with the mafia.[2] According to Jürgen Roth, Borisov is the Bulgarian Al Capone.[3]

Drug trafficking organizations run by Bulgarian nationals have been investigated in Los Angeles and Tampa. These groups deal with the import of cocaine and multi-thousand doses of ecstasy into the United States. Most members of these were imprisoned in the U.S. There, Bulgarian nationals are identified for falsification of IDs, organized bank fraud, mortgage fraud, credit card fraud and alien smuggling.[1]

Living criminal figures

Contract killings

Since the fall of communism in 1989, there have been more than 150 high rank heads mafia-style contract killings in Bulgaria, frequently perpetrated in the centre of the capital, Sofia, in broad daylight. There has been at most 1 conviction[5] in these cases to date, though sources differ.[6][7] This is frequently blamed on the alleged widespread corruption at all levels of the Bulgarian judicial system including the Prosecutor's Office.

The cost of contract killings carried out by highly professional snipers has been estimated at approximately £5,000-£50,000 The more important the more expensive one worth .[5]

Some of the most prominent assassination targets of recent years (in chronological order):

Australia

Judicial prosecution and fight against criminal networks

In 2006, the EU dispatched the head of Germany's criminal investigation office Klaus Jansen to assess Bulgaria's progress in fighting organized crime. He concluded that Bulgaria had failed to implement modern principles and methods in the fight against crime, criticising among other things the low commitment of the country's police force to combat organized crime.[17][18][19] The report further observed that "indictments, prosecutions, trials, convictions and deterrent sentences remain rare in the fight against high-level corruption" and described efforts to fight crime as "a total mess". Jensen also suggested that European police information passed to Sofia could end up with criminals. In a reaction to the report, Interior Minister Rumen Petkov described the findings as exaggerated and protested against Jansen's way of presenting the situation in Bulgaria which, in his words, demonstrated his incompetence.[20]

In the Bulgarian judicial system, the Prosecutor General is elected by a qualified majority of two-thirds from all the members of the Supreme Judicial Council and is appointed by the President of the Republic. The Supreme Judicial Council is in charge of the self-administration and organisation of the Judiciary.[21]

List of Prosecutor Generals in Bulgaria post-1989:

History


See also: History of Bulgaria since 1989

Much of the post-Communist Bulgarian mafia originates from the professional sportsmen and especially the wrestlers of the Communist period (1944–1989). The Iliev brothers, Krasimir "Big Margin" Marinov and Iliya Pavlov were all students of the school for future champions "Olympic Hopes" (Bulgarian: "Олимпийски надежди").[22]

In post-1990 Bulgaria, the word борец ("wrestler") came to denote a mafia man (a common synonym is мутра (mutra),[23] literally "mug, or mean mug"). The image of the Bulgarian "mug", including a sturdy muscular build, a black suit, sunglasses, a shaved head, and golden jewellery, became synonymous with the so-called Bulgarian "transition" (to market economy). These wrestlers were also known to own expensive cars with license plates with double numbers so that strangers would recognize their status as elite criminals. [8]

The wrestlers came to control much of Bulgarian business, so the word "businessman" acquired similar undertones. The wrestlers also infiltrated Bulgarian politics (it was often alleged that SIC and VIS were connected to the two main parties of the 1990s, the Bulgarian Socialist Party and the Union of Democratic Forces, respectively).[22] As the UDF government (1997–2001) made the registration of the criminal insurance businesses more difficult, much of their networks and personnel were integrated into existing legal insurance firms, while at the same time the principal bosses moved the focus of their attention to smuggling, trade and privatization.[8]

During the government of National Movement Simeon II (2001–2005), assassinations became especially common. Throughout the Post-Communist period, evidence has often surfaced to show the close ties between the criminal networks and politicians and officials. UDF chief prosecutor Ivan Tatarchev allegedly recreated together with Ivo Karamanski, NMS-II finance minister Milen Velchev was photographed playing cards with Ivan "The Doctor" Todorov, and BSP interior minister Rumen Petkov negotiated with the shadowy "Galev brothers".

See also

General:

References

  1. 1 2 "US embassy cables: Organised crime in Bulgaria". the Guardian.
  2. ↑ "Five Families of New York City".
  3. ↑ max-media. "АФЕРА.БГ - Юрген Рот: Бойко Борисов е българския Ал Капоне". АФЕРА.БГ.
  4. 1 2 "Bulgarian Mobster Suspect Widow Testifies in Court". Sofia News Agency. October 31, 2007.
  5. 1 2 Watt, Nicholas (May 15, 2006). "Corruption still dogs Bulgaria on eve of ruling on membership". The Guardian. London. Retrieved 2009-07-02.
  6. ↑ "EU warns Bulgaria after killings". BBC News. April 8, 2008.
  7. ↑ Shields, Rachel (April 9, 2008). "Murders prompt EU warning for Bulgaria over organised crime". The Independent. London. Retrieved 2008-06-03.
  8. 1 2 3 "SIC transit gloria". Capital. March 17, 2001. Retrieved 2008-06-03.
  9. ↑ "Bulgarian Mobster Murder Trial in Court Again". Sofia News Agency. July 13, 2007.
  10. ↑ "Emil Kyulev: Who Was He?". FOCUS News Agency. October 26, 2005.
  11. ↑ "Police Release Picture of Bulgaria's Top Banker Suspect Killer". Sofia News Agency. October 26, 2005.
  12. ↑ "Chronicle of a Death Foretold: Georgi Stoev's Gangster Pulp". The Nation. April 29, 2009. Retrieved 2009-06-26.
  13. ↑ Archived March 3, 2008, at the Wayback Machine.
  14. ↑ "Typical News from Bulgaria".
  15. ↑ "Prominent Veliko Tarnovo Lawyer Shot in Broad Daylight". Sofia News Agency. March 25, 2009.
  16. ↑ "Bobi Tsankov was killed in a shooting in the Sofia centre". Dnevnik. January 5, 2010.
  17. ↑ Smith, Nicola (May 21, 2006). "Bulgarian mafia turf wars to hit EU". The Times Online. London. Retrieved 2010-04-27.
  18. ↑ "Es wird Kämpfe geben". Der Spiegel. June 26, 2006.
  19. ↑ "Bush's Bulgarian Partner in the Terror War Has Mob History, Investigators Say". Congressional Quarterly. March 2, 2007.
  20. ↑ "Anti-crime fight problems hinder Bulgaria's EU accession - Jansen". The Sofia Echo. June 26, 2006.
  21. ↑ "Structure of the Prosecutor's Office in the Republic of Bulgaria". Retrieved July 2, 2009.
  22. 1 2 Залязват ли мутрите, или облакът е тъмен. Йово НИКОЛОВ. В-к Капитал. Брой 35, 03 септември 2005, 00:00
  23. ↑ Bilefsky, Dan (January 31, 2010). "A Crime Writer's Pages Come to Life in His Death". New York Times. pp. A8. Retrieved May 8, 2010.

Further reading

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