Caldcluvia paniculosa
| Soft corkwood | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Corky bark of Caldcluvia paniculosa at Mount Banda Banda, Willi Willi National Park, Australia | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| (unranked): | Angiosperms |
| (unranked): | Eudicots |
| (unranked): | Rosids |
| Order: | Oxalidales |
| Family: | Cunoniaceae |
| Genus: | Caldcluvia |
| Species: | C. paniculosa |
| Binomial name | |
| Caldcluvia paniculosa (F.Muell.) Hoogland | |
| Synonyms[1] | |
Caldcluvia paniculosa, known as the soft corkwood is a rainforest tree of eastern Australia. It occurs from Ourimbah, Central Coast (New South Wales) at 33° S to Eungella National Park (20° S) in tropical Queensland. Other common names include corkwood, rose-leaf marara, brown alder and sugarbark. The generic placement of the species varies between sources, some preferring Ackama paniculosa.
The habitat of Caldcluvia paniculosa includes riverine, littoral, tropical, subtropical and warm temperate rainforests. It is also found in the ecotone of eucalyptus and rainforests. The tree may be identified in the rainforest by the unusually soft corky bark.
Description
A medium to large sized tree with a buttressed base. Sometimes over 40 metres tall and in excess of 90 cm wide at the butt. The trunk is cylindrical with soft corky bark, greyish fawn in colour. The base of the tree is usually buttressed.
Leaves form in groups of five to seven leaflets, sometimes in threes. Leaves are hairy, opposite and toothed, 5 to 12 cm long. Creamy white flowers form on compound panicles in November. The fruit is a red capsule, containing a few hairy oval flattened seeds, 1 mm long. The fruit matures from February to June.[4]
Taxonomy
The species has a complex nomenclatural history. It was first described by Ferdinand von Mueller in 1860 under the name Weinmannia paniculata F.Muell.[2][5] However, this combination had already been published in 1797 by Antonio José Cavanilles for a Chilean species. Realizing his error, Mueller in 1861 published the replacement name Weinmannia paniculosa F.Muell., which is the correct basionym (base name) for this species. When Heinrich Gustav Adolf Engler moved the species to the genus Ackama in 1891, he incorrectly used Mueller's earlier illegitimate name as the basis, calling the species Ackama paniculata Eng. In 1947, the combination Ackama paniculosa Beuzev. & C.T.White was put forward, but incorrectly, as there was no reference to Mueller's legitimate basionym.[2] The species continued to be placed in Akama,[6] but without a legitimate name.[2]
In 1979, when Ruurd Dirk Hoogland transferred all the species of Ackama to Caldcluvia,[7] he correctly used the name Caldcluvia paniculosa (F.Muell.) Hoogland.[2] In 2013, transfer back to Ackama was proposed, and a valid name in this genus, Ackama paniculosa (F.Muell.) Heslewood,[3] was published for the first time by Margaret M. Heslewood and Peter G. Wilson.[2]
As of March 2016, The Plant List and the Australian Plant Census continue to place the species in the genus Caldcluvia.[1][8]
References
- 1 2 "Caldcluvia paniculosa". The Plant List. Retrieved 2016-03-01.
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Heslewood, M.M. & Wilson, P.G. (2013). "A new combination in Ackama (Cunoniaceae)". Telopea. 15: 5‑7. Retrieved 2016-03-01.
- 1 2 "IPNI Plant Name Details for Ackama paniculosa (F.Muell.) Heslewood". The International Plant Names Index. Retrieved 2016-03-01.
- ↑ Floyd, A.G. (1989). Rainforest Trees of Mainland South-eastern Australia. Melbourne: Inkata Press. ISBN 978-0-909605-57-5.
- ↑ Mueller, F. (1860–1861). "Weinmannia paniculata". Fragmenta Phytographiae Australiae (in Latin). 2. Melbourne: Ferres. p. 83. Retrieved 2016-03-02.
- ↑ Bradford, J.C.; Hopkins, H.C.F. & Barnes, R.W. (2004). "Cunoniaceae". In Kubitzki, K. The Families and Genera of Vascular Plants: Volume VI, Flowering plants, Dicotyledons: Celastrales, Oxalidales, Rosales, Cornales. Heidelberg: Springer. pp. 91–111.
- ↑ Hoogland, R.D. (1979). "Studies in the Cunoniaceae. II. The genera Caldcluvia, Pullea, Acsmithia and Spiraeanthemum". Blumea. 25: 481‑505. Retrieved 2016-03-01.
- ↑ "Caldcluvia paniculosa (F.Muell.) Hoogland". APC - Australian Plant Census. Centre for Plant Biodiversity Research, Australian Government. Retrieved 2016-03-01.