Calyptorhynchus

Calyptorhynchus
Calyptorhynchus banksii
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Class:	Aves
Order:	Psittaciformes
Superfamily:	Cacatuoidea
Family:	Cacatuidae
Subfamily:	Calyptorhynchinae Bonaparte, 1853
Genus:	Calyptorhynchus Desmarest, 1826
Species
5, in two subgenera

Described by French naturalist Anselme Gaëtan Desmarest in 1826,^[1] the genus Calyptorhynchus has five species. They are all mostly black in colour, and the taxa may be differentiated partly by size and partly by small areas of red, grey and yellow plumage especially in the tail feathers. It is the sole genus of the "dark cockatoo" subfamily Calyptorhynchinae. Studies based on the mitochondrial DNA 12S gene fragment suggested that other sexually dichromatic species, the gang-gang cockatoo as well as the cockatiel may be the closest living relatives of Calyptorhynchus (Brown & Toft, 1999). However, subsequent studies, including more genes confirm the morphological taxonomy with the gang-gang cockatoo most closely related to the Galah, within the white cockatoo group, and with the cockatiel as a third distinct subfamily of cockatoos.^[2] Two subgenera (Calyptorhynchus and Zanda) are recognized based on the colouration of the species, and presence of sexual dimorphism:

• Subgenus Calyptorhynchus - black-and-red cockatoos
  • Red-tailed black cockatoo, Calyptorhynchus (Calyptorhynchus) banksii
    • Calyptorhynchus (Calyptorhynchus) banksii banksii
    • Calyptorhynchus (Calyptorhynchus) banksii graptogyne
    • Calyptorhynchus (Calyptorhynchus) banksii macrorhynchus
    • Calyptorhynchus (Calyptorhynchus) banksii naso
    • Calyptorhynchus (Calyptorhynchus) banksii samueli
  • Glossy black cockatoo, Calyptorhynchus (Calyptorhynchus) lathami
    • Calyptorhynchus (Calyptorhynchus) lathami lathami
    • Calyptorhynchus (Calyptorhynchus) lathami erebus
    • Calyptorhynchus (Calyptorhynchus) lathami halmaturinus
• Subgenus Zanda - black-and-yellow/white cockatoos
  • Yellow-tailed black cockatoo, Calyptorhynchus (Zanda) funereus
    • Calyptorhynchus (Zanda) funereus funereus
    • Calyptorhynchus (Zanda) funereus whiteae (not widely accepted)^[3]
    • Calyptorhynchus (Zanda) funereus xanthanotus
  • Carnaby's black cockatoo, Calyptorhynchus (Zanda) latirostris
  • Baudin's black cockatoo, Calyptorhynchus (Zanda) baudinii

References

1. Desmarest, Anselme Gaëtan (1826). "Parrots" [Parrots]. Dictionnaire des Sciences Naturelles dans lequel on traite méthodiquement des différens êtres de la nature... [Dictionary of Natural Sciences, where all naural beings are treated methodically...] (in French). 39 (PEROQ–PHOQ). Strasbourg: F.G. Levrault. pp. 21, 117. OCLC 4345179.
2. White, Nicole E.; et al. (2011). "The evolutionary history of cockatoos (Aves: Psittaciformes: Cacatuidae)". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 59: 615–622. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2011.03.011. PMID 21419232.
3. Higgins, p. 76.

• Astuti, Dwi (2004?): A phylogeny of cockatoos (Aves: Psittaciformes) inferred from DNA sequences of the seventh intron of nuclear β-fibrinogen gene. Doctoral work, Graduate School of Environmental Earth Science, Hokkaido University, Japan. PDF fulltext
• Brown, D.M.; Toft, C.A. (1999). "Molecular systematics and biogeography of the cockatoos (Psittaciformes: Cacatuidae)". Auk. 116 (1): 141–157. doi:10.2307/4089461.
• Higgins, P.J. (1999). Handbook of Australian, New Zealand and Antarctic Birds. Volume 4: Parrots to Dollarbird. Melbourne: Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-553071-3.