Canada (1800 ship)

History
United Kingdom
Name: Canada
Owner: F. Hurry & Co., Newcastle on Tyne;[1] Reeve & Co. after 1803
Builder: F. Hurry & Co.[1]
Launched: 1800
Fate: disappears from Lloyd's Register after 1832
General characteristics
Tons burthen: 393, or 403,[2][1] (bm)
Propulsion: Sail
Complement: 21[2]
Armament: 2 x 6-pounder guns + 8 x 18-pounder carronades;[2] after 1806 the number of her carronades increased to 10

Canada was a merchant ship launched at Shields in 1800. She made five trips transporting convicts to Australia. On two of those trips she was also under charter to the British East India Company (EIC). When she was not transporting convicts Canada traded with the West Indies, and with Canada until c.1832.

Voyages

Canada's first voyage took place during the French Revolutionary Wars. Captain William Wilkinson, or her owner, chose to acquire a letter of marque, which was issued to him on 22 April 1801.[2] On Canada's first voyage transporting convicts she was under charter to the EIC.[3] Canada sailed from Spithead on 21 June 1801, with 104 male convicts. She travelled in convoy with Minorca and Nile, and reached Rio de Janeiro on 28 August. All three vessels arrived at Port Jackson on 14 December 1801. Three male and two female convicts died on Canada during the voyage. Canada left Port Jackson on 6 February 1802 bound for China.[4]

Canada arrived at Whampoa on 28 April 1802. On her homeward bound voyage she crossed the Second Bar, which lies about 20 miles before Whampoa, on 22 May. From there she reached Timor on 4 October and St Helena on 22 December. She arrived at Long Reach on 8 March 1803.[3]

On her return to Britain, Canada received a new owner, Reeve & Co., a new master, W. Gray, and a new role, sailing as a general transport based in London.[5] In 1806 she received a new master, Park, and a new trade, London-Jamaica.[6] This description in Lloyd's Register remained unchanged even after she got a new master and again sailed to Australia.

Seven years had passed before Canada again carried convicts to Australia. John Ward sailed her from Sheerness on 23 March 1810, with 122 female convicts. She arrived at Port Jackson on 8 September 1810. Two female convicts died on the voyage. Canada left Port Jackson on 12 November 1810 bound for China.[4] For her voyage from China Canada was again under contract to the EIC. She was at Bocca Tigris, the estuary of the Pearl River, on 25 February 1811. She reached Macao on 25 March and left there on 2 April. From Macao she reached St Helena on 23 July and arrived at Long Reach on 2 October.[3]

Lloyd's Register for 1812 showed Canada with M. Graves, master, and her trade as London-Jamaica again. The next year her trade was London-Quebec.[7]

Under the command of John Grigg, on her third convict voyage, she sailed from Cork on 5 December 1814, with 160 male convicts. She arrived at Port Jackson on 5 August 1815. Four male convicts died on the voyage. Canada left Port Jackson on 25 October 1815 bound for Batavia.[4]

Again under Grigg's command, Canada on her fourth convict voyage sailed from Cork on 21 March 1817, with 89 female convicts. She arrived at Port Jackson on 6 August 1817. Canada left Port Jackson on 24 October 1817 bound for Batavia.[4]

Under the command of Alexander Spain, on her fifth convict voyage, she sailed from London on 23 April 1819, with 135 male convicts. She arrived at Port Jackson on 1 September 1819. Two male convicts died on the voyage.

Fate

Lloyd's Register for 1821 still showed Spain as Canada's master, and her trade as London-Botany Bay. In 1822 she reportedly had a new master, T. Cohlson, and a new trade, London-St John. Lloyd's Register for 1823 gives her master as T. Coulson, her owner as G. (or "C.") Smith, and her trade as Liverpool-New Brunswick. It also gives her burthen as 393 (bm). The next year her master becomes J. Redpert. By 1826, her master's name has been corrected to J. Redpeth, and her trade was again London-Quebec. She last appearance in Lloyd's Register is in 1832.

Citations and references

Citations
  1. 1 2 3 Hackman (2001), p.226.
  2. 1 2 3 4 Letter of Marque, 1793-1815; p.55 Archived July 9, 2015, at the Wayback Machine.
  3. 1 2 3 National Archives: Canada - accessed 29 November 2014.
  4. 1 2 3 4 "Arrival of Vessels at Port Jackson, and their Departure". Australian Town and Country Journal, Saturday 3 January 1891, p.16. Retrieved 4 February 2012.
  5. ↑ Lloyd's Register (1803) and (1804).
  6. ↑ Lloyd's Register (1806).
  7. ↑ Lloyd's Register (1813).
References
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