Canonicus-class monitor

Class overview
Mahopac on the Appomattox River, 1864.
Operators:	United States Navy Peruvian Navy
Preceded by:	Passaic-class monitor
Succeeded by:	Monadnock-class monitor
In commission:	1864–1898
Completed:	9
Lost:	3
Scrapped:	6
General characteristics
Type:	Monitor
Tonnage:	1,034 tons (bm)
Displacement:	2,100 long tons (2,100 t)
Length:	223 ft (68.0 m)
Beam:	43 ft 4 in (13.2 m)
Draft:	13 ft 6 in (4.1 m)
Installed power:	320 ihp (240 kW) 2 × Stimers fire-tube boilers
Propulsion:	1 × Propeller 1 × Vibrating-lever steam engine
Speed:	8 knots (15 km/h; 9.2 mph)
Complement:	100 officers and enlisted men
Armament:	2 × 15-inch (381 mm) smoothbore Dahlgren guns
Armor:	Gun turret: 10 in (254 mm) Waterline belt: 5 in (127 mm) Deck: 1.5 in (38 mm) Pilot house: 10 in (254 mm)

The Canonicus-class monitor was a class of nine monitors built for the Union Navy during the American Civil War. They saw service in the Civil War and the Spanish–American War, although two of them were never commissioned.

They were basically improved Passaics, modified in accordance with war experience. The four ships not commissioned during the war were built on the Ohio river, three at Cincinnati and Manayunk as far up as South Pittsburgh.

The hull lines were improved and designed speed is given as 13 knots but there was no hope of getting near this. The 5 × 1 in side armour was backed by two iron stringers 6½ in deep and 6 in thick for 70 ft from the bows, but 4 in elsewhere, and the armour lower edge was 3 × 1 in. The turret, of 21 ft internal diameter, had 10 × 1 in plates as did the pilot house above, and the funnel base was also armoured. The turret skirt was protected by a 5 in thick and 15 in high ring fixed to the deck, and as in other later monitors the 15 in guns were longer than in the Passaic class and fired with their muzzles outside the turret.

Tecumseh was sunk in Mobile Bay by a mine that exploded under her turret, and went down in 25–30 seconds. Canonicus, the last survivor, was finally decommissioned 31 years before being sold.

Ships

Ship	Builder^[1]	Namesake	Renamed^[1]	Laid down^[1]	Launched^[1]	Commissioned or completed(*)^[1]
Ajax	Snowden & Mason, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania	Manayunk, Philadelphia	Manayunk, 1862; Ajax, 15 June 1869	1862	18 December 1864	27 September 1865*
Canonicus	Harrison Loring, Boston, Massachusetts	Canonicus	Scylla, 15 June 1869; Canonicus, 10 August 1869	1862	1 August 1863	16 April 1864
Catawba	Alexander Swift & Company, Cincinnati, Ohio	Catawba River	Atahualpa	1862	13 April 1864	10 June 1865*
Mahopac	Secor & Co., Jersey City, New Jersey	Lake Mahopac	Castor, 15 June 1869; Mahopac, 10 August 1869	1862	17 May 1864	22 September 1864
Manhattan	Perine, Secor & Co., Jersey City, New Jersey	Manhattan Indians	Neptune, 15 June 1869; Manhattan, 10 August 1869	1862	14 October 1863	6 June 1864
Oneota	Alexander Swift & Company, Cincinnati, Ohio	Oneota Tribe of the Sioux Indians	Manco Cápac	1862	21 May 1864	10 June 1865*
Saugus	Harlan & Hollingsworth, Wilmington, Delaware	Saugus, Massachusetts	Centaur, 15 June 1869; Saugus, 10 August 1869	1862	8 February 1864	27 August 1864
Tecumseh	Charles Secor & Co., Jersey City, New Jersey	Tecumseh	Not Applicable	1862	12 September 1863	19 April 1864
Wyandotte	Miles Greenwood, Cincinnati, Ohio	Wyandotte Tribe	Tippecanoe, 1869; Wyandotte, 10 August 1869	22 September 1862	22 December 1864	15 February 1866*

Notes

1 2 3 4 5 Silverstone 2006, pp. 6–7

References

Canney, Donald L. (1993). The Old Steam Navy: The Ironclads, 1842–1885. 2. Annapolis, Maryland: Naval Institute Press. ISBN 0-87021-586-8.
Chesneau, Roger; Kolesnik, Eugene M., eds. (1979). Conway's All the World's Fighting Ships 1860–1905. Greenwich, UK: Conway Maritime Press. ISBN 0-8317-0302-4.
Friend, Jack (2004). West Wind, Flood Tide: The Battle of Mobile Bay. Annapolis, Maryland: Naval Institute Press. ISBN 978-1-59114-292-8.
Olmstead, Edwin; Stark, Wayne E.; Tucker, Spencer C. (1997). The Big Guns: Civil War Siege, Seacoast, and Naval Cannon. Alexandria Bay, New York: Museum Restoration Service. ISBN 0-88855-012-X.
Roberts, William H. (2002). Civil War Ironclads: The U.S. Navy and Industrial Mobilization. Baltimore, Maryland: Johns Hopkins Press. ISBN 0-8018-6830-0.
Silverstone, Paul H. (2006). Civil War Navies 1855–1883. The U.S. Navy Warship Series. New York: Routledge. ISBN 0-415-97870-X.
Silverstone, Paul H. (1984). Directory of the World's Capital Ships. New York: Hippocrene Books. ISBN 0-88254-979-0.
West, W. Wilson, Jr. (1996). USS Tecumseh Shipwreck: Management Plan (PDF). Department of Defense: Legacy Resource Management Program.

Canonicus-class monitors

Canonicus Catawba Mahopac Manayunk / Ajax Manhattan Oneota Saugus Tecumseh Tippecanoe / Wyandotte

List of monitors of the United States Navy

Ironclads of the United States

Monitors

Coastal monitors	Monitor Passaic class Canonicus class Onondaga Miantonomoh class

River and harbor monitors	Neosho class Ozark Roanoke Milwaukee class Marietta class Casco class

Ocean-going monitors	Dictator Puritan Kalamazoo class

Casemate ironclads

Riverine casemate ironclads	City class Indianola Benton Essex Chillicothe Eastport Choctaw Lafayette Tuscumbia

Ocean-going casemate ironclads	Stevens Battery Dunderberg

War Prizes

Commissioned ironclads	Atlanta Columbia Stonewall Tennessee

Non-commissioned ironclads	Albemarle Baltic Missouri Nashville Texas

Miscellaneous ironclads

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