Catostomidae

Catostomidae Temporal range: Middle Eocene–recent PreЄ Є O S D C P T J K Pg N
White sucker, Catostomus commersonii
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Class:	Actinopterygii
Order:	Cypriniformes
Suborder:	Cobitoidea
Family:	Catostomidae Cope, 1871
Genera
See text

The Catostomidae are the suckers of the order Cypriniformes, with about 78 species in this family of freshwater fishes. The Catostomidae are primarily native to North America, but Catostomus catostomus is found in both North America and Russia, and Myxocyprinus asiaticus is from China. They are not usually fished recreationally; they are not highly prized in North America for their flesh, although they are a fairly popular target with spear fisherman, and in some areas, such as the Ozarks, they are a common food fish.^[1]

Description and biology

The mouth of this fish is located on the underside of its head (subterminal), with thick, fleshy lips. Most species are less than 60 cm (2.0 ft) in length, but the largest species (Ictiobus and Myxocyprinus) can surpass 100 cm (3.3 ft). They are distinguished from related fish by having a long pharyngeal bone in the throat, containing a single row of teeth.^[2]

Catostomids are most often found in rivers, but can be found in any freshwater environment. Their food ranges from detritus and bottom-dwelling organisms (such as crustaceans and worms), to surface insects and small fishes.

Fossil record

Catostomidae have been uncovered and dated to the Middle Eocene in Colorado and Utah. An enormous gap (36.2 million years) in the fossil record occurs from the Late Eocene to Early Pleistocene^[3]

As food

Northern hogsucker, Hypentelium nigricans

They can be taken by many fishing methods, including angling and gigging. Often, species such as Catostomus commersonii and Hypentelium nigricans are preferred for eating. They can be canned, smoked, or fried, but small incisions often must be made in the flesh (termed "scoring") before frying to allow small internal bones to be palatable.^[4]

Subfamilies, tribes, and genera

Smallfin redhorse, Moxostoma robustum

Smallmouth buffalo, Ictiobus bubalus

Amyzon aggregatum fossil specimen

• Subfamily Catostominae
  • Tribe Catostomini
    • Genus Catostomus
    • Genus Chasmistes
    • Genus Deltistes
    • Genus Xyrauchen
  • Tribe Erimyzoninae
    • Genus Erimyzon
    • Genus Minytrema
  • Tribe Thoburniinae
    • Genus Hypentelium
    • Genus Thoburnia
  • Tribe Moxostomatini
    • Genus Moxostoma
• Subfamily Cycleptinae
  • Genus Cycleptus
• Subfamily Ictiobinae
  • Genus †Amyzon
  • Genus Carpiodes
  • Genus Ictiobus
• Subfamily Myxocyprininae
  • Genus Myxocyprinus
• other extinct genera
  • Genus †Jianghanichthys
  • Genus †Plesiomyxocyprinus
  • Genus †Vasnetzovia

References

1. "Nixa Sucker Day". Retrieved 23 June 2013.
2. Banister, Keith F. (1998). Paxton, J.R.; Eschmeyer, W.N., eds. Encyclopedia of Fishes. San Diego: Academic Press. p. 100. ISBN 0-12-547665-5.
3. Paleobiology database.
4. http://www.nighthawkpublications.com/journal/journal170-4.htm

• Froese, Rainer, and Daniel Pauly, eds. (2011). "Catostomidae" in FishBase. August 2011 version.
• Bruner, John Clay, 1991. Comments on the genus Amyzon (Family Catostomidae) Journal of Paleontology 654:678-686