Citharexylum

Citharexylum
C. caudatum
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Plantae
(unranked): Angiosperms
(unranked): Eudicots
(unranked): Asterids
Order: Lamiales
Family: Verbenaceae
Genus: Citharexylum
L.
Type species
Citharexylum spinosum
(L.)[1]
Synonyms[2]

Rauwolfia Ruiz & Pav.

Citharexylum is a genus of flowering plants in the verbena family, Verbenaceae.[3] It contains shrub and tree species[4] commonly known as Fiddlewoods or Zitherwoods.[5] They are native to the Americas, ranging from southern Florida and Texas in the United States to Argentina.[2] The highest diversity occurs in Mexico and the Andes.[6] The generic name is derived from the Greek words κιθάρα (kithara), meaning "lyre", and ξύλον (xylon), meaning "wood," referring to the use of the wood in the sounding boards of string instruments.[7][8] Several species, especially C. caudatum and C. spinosum, are cultivated as ornamentals.[4]

Species[2]
  1. Citharexylum affine D.Don - from northern Mexico to Nicaragua
  2. Citharexylum alainii Moldenke - Dominican Republic
  3. Citharexylum albicaule Turcz. - Cuba
  4. Citharexylum altamiranum Greenm. - northeastern Mexico
  5. Citharexylum andinum Moldenke - Bolivia, Jujuy Province of Argentina
  6. Citharexylum argutedentatum Moldenke - Peru
  7. Citharexylum berlandieri B.L. Rob. - from Texas to Oaxaca - Berlandier's Fiddlewood, Tamaulipan Fiddlewood
  8. Citharexylum bourgeauanum Greenm. - Veracruz, Oaxaca
  9. Citharexylum brachyanthum (A.Gray ex Hemsl.) A.Gray - Texas, Coahuila, Nuevo León - Boxthorn Fiddlewood, Mexican Fiddlewood
  10. Citharexylum bullatum Moldenke - Colombia
  11. Citharexylum calvum Moldenke - Quintana Roo
  12. Citharexylum caudatum L. - southern Mexico, West Indies, Central America, Colombia, Peru - Juniper Berry
  13. Citharexylum chartaceum Moldenke - Peru, Ecuador
  14. Citharexylum cooperi Standl. - Costa Rica, Panama, Guatemala
  15. Citharexylum costaricense Moldenke - Costa Rica, Nicaragua, Honduras
  16. Citharexylum crassifolium Greenm - Chiapas, Belize, Guatemala, Honduras
  17. Citharexylum danirae León de la Luz & F.Chiang - Revillagigedo Islands of Baja California
  18. Citharexylum decorum Moldenke - Colombia, Venezuela
  19. Citharexylum dentatum D.Don - Peru
  20. Citharexylum discolor Turcz. - Cuba, Hispaniola
  21. Citharexylum donnell-smithii Greenm. - Oaxaca, Chiapas, Central America
  22. Citharexylum dryanderae Moldenke - Colombia, Venezuela, Peru, Ecuador
  23. Citharexylum ekmanii Moldenke - Cuba
  24. Citharexylum ellipticum Moc. & Sessé ex D.Don - Veracruz, Campeche, Tabasco; naturalized in Cuba + Cayman Islands
  25. Citharexylum endlichii Moldenke - northeastern Mexico
  26. Citharexylum flabellifolium S.Watson - Sonora, Baja California
  27. Citharexylum flexuosum (Ruiz & Pav.) D.Don - Bolivia, Peru
  28. Citharexylum fulgidum Moldenke - Veracruz, northeastern Mexico
  29. Citharexylum gentryi Moldenke - Ecuador
  30. Citharexylum glabrum (S.Watson) Greenm - Oaxaca
  31. Citharexylum glaziovii Moldenke - eastern Brazil
  32. Citharexylum grandiflorum Aymard & Rueda - Ecuador
  33. Citharexylum guatemalense (Moldenke) D.N.Gibson - Guatemala, Nicaragua
  34. Citharexylum herrerae Mansf. - Peru
  35. Citharexylum hexangulare Greenm. - from northern Mexico to Costa Rica
  36. Citharexylum hidalgense Moldenke - Mexico
  37. Citharexylum hintonii Moldenke - México State
  38. Citharexylum hirtellum Standl. - from Veracruz to Panama
  39. Citharexylum ilicifolium Kunth - Bolivia, Peru, Ecuador
  40. Citharexylum iltisii Moldenke - Peru
  41. Citharexylum × jamaicense Moldenke - Jamaica, Haiti, Puerto Rico (C. caudatum × C. spinosum)
  42. Citharexylum joergensenii (Lillo) Moldenke - Argentina, Bolivia
  43. Citharexylum karstenii Moldenke - Colombia, Venezuela
  44. Citharexylum kerberi Greenm. - Veracruz
  45. Citharexylum kobuskianum Moldenke - Peru
  46. Citharexylum krukovii Moldenke - eastern Brazil
  47. Citharexylum kunthianum Moldenke - Colombia, Venezuela, Ecuador
  48. Citharexylum laetum Hiern - southern Brazil
  49. Citharexylum laurifolium Hayek - Bolivia, Peru
  50. Citharexylum lemsii Moldenke - Guanacaste Province in Costa Rica
  51. Citharexylum × leonis Moldenke - Cuba (C. caudatum × C. tristachyum)
  52. Citharexylum ligustrifolium (Thur. ex Decne.) Van Houtte - Mexico
  53. Citharexylum lojense Moldenke - Ecuador
  54. Citharexylum lucidum Cham. & Schltdl. - Mexico
  55. Citharexylum lycioides D.Don - Mexico
  56. Citharexylum macradenium Greenm. - Panama, Costa Rica
  57. Citharexylum macrochlamys Pittier - Panama, Colombia
  58. Citharexylum macrophyllum Poir. - Colombia, Venezuela, Ecuador, Guianas, northwestern Brazil
  59. Citharexylum matheanum Borhidi & Kereszty - Cuba
  60. Citharexylum matudae Moldenke - Chiapas
  61. Citharexylum mexicanum Moldenke - Veracruz, Puebla, Oaxaca
  62. Citharexylum microphyllum (DC.) O.E.Schulz - Hisipaniola
  63. Citharexylum mirifolium Moldenke - Colombia, Venezuela
  64. Citharexylum mocinoi D.Don - Mexico, Central America
  65. Citharexylum montanum Moldenke - Colombia, Ecuador
  66. Citharexylum montevidense (Spreng.) Moldenke - Brazil, Argentina, Paraguay, Uruguay
  67. Citharexylum myrianthum Cham. - Brazil, Argentina, Paraguay
  68. Citharexylum obtusifolium Kuhlm - Espírito Santo
  69. Citharexylum oleinum (Benth. ex Lindl.) Moldenke - Mexico
  70. Citharexylum ovatifolium Greenm. - Mexico
  71. Citharexylum pachyphyllum Moldenke - Peru
  72. Citharexylum pernambucense Moldenke - eastern Brazil
  73. Citharexylum poeppigii Walp. - Colombia, Venezuela, Ecuador, Bolivia, Peru, Brazil
  74. Citharexylum punctatum Greenm. - Bolivia, Peru
  75. Citharexylum quercifolium Hayek - Peru
  76. Citharexylum quitense Spreng. - Ecuador
  77. Citharexylum racemosum Sessé & Moc. - Mexico
  78. Citharexylum reticulatum Kunth - Ecuador, Peru
  79. Citharexylum rigidum (Briq.) Moldenke - Paraguay, southern Brazil
  80. Citharexylum rimbachii Moldenke - Ecuador
  81. Citharexylum rosei Greenm. - Mexico
  82. Citharexylum roxanae Moldenke - Baja California
  83. Citharexylum scabrum Moc. & Sessé ex D.Don - northern Mexico
  84. Citharexylum schottii Greenm. - southern Mexico, Central America
  85. Citharexylum schulzii Urb. & Ekman - Hispaniola
  86. Citharexylum sessaei D.Don - Mexico
  87. Citharexylum shrevei Moldenke - Sonora
  88. Citharexylum solanaceum Cham. - southern Brazil
  89. Citharexylum spinosum L. – Spiny Fiddlewood - West Indies, Panama, Venezuela, the Guianas; naturalized in India, Mozambique, Fiji, Bermuda
  90. Citharexylum stenophyllum Urb. & Ekman - Haiti
  91. Citharexylum steyermarkii Moldenke - Veracruz, Chiapas, Guatemala
  92. Citharexylum suberosum Loes. ex Moldenke - Cuba
  93. Citharexylum subflavescens S.F.Blake - Colombia, Venezuela, Ecuador, Peru
  94. Citharexylum subthyrsoideum Pittier - Colombia, Venezuela
  95. Citharexylum subtruncatum Moldenke - northwestern Brazil
  96. Citharexylum sulcatum Moldenke - Colombia
  97. Citharexylum svensonii Moldenke - Ecuador
  98. Citharexylum teclense Standl. - El Salvador
  99. Citharexylum ternatum Moldenke - Cuba
  100. Citharexylum tetramerum Brandegee - Valle de Tehuacán-Cuicatlán in Mexico
  101. Citharexylum tristachyum Turcz. – Threespike Fiddlewood[9][10] - Cuba, Jamaica, Leeward Islands
  102. Citharexylum ulei Moldenke - Colombia, Peru, northwestern Brazil
  103. Citharexylum vallense Moldenke - Colombia
  104. Citharexylum venezuelense Moldenke - Venezuela
  105. Citharexylum weberbaueri Hayek - Peru

Formerly placed here

References

  1. ↑ "Citharexylum L.". TROPICOS. Missouri Botanical Garden. Retrieved 2010-01-25.
  2. 1 2 3 Kew World Checklist of Selected Plant Families
  3. ↑ "Genus: Citharexylum L.". Germplasm Resources Information Network. United States Department of Agriculture. 2005-01-29. Retrieved 2009-09-24.
  4. 1 2 Whistler, W. Arthur (2000). Tropical Ornamentals: a Guide. Timber Press. pp. 128–130. ISBN 978-0-88192-475-6.
  5. ↑ Quattrocchi, Umberto (2000). CRC World Dictionary of Plant Names: A-C. CRC Press. p. 544. ISBN 978-0-8493-2675-2.
  6. ↑ Aymard, Gerardo A.; Ricardo M. Rueda (Summer 1997). "A New Species of Citharexylum (Verbenaceae) from Ecuador". Novon. 7 (2): 95–97. doi:10.2307/3392177. JSTOR 3392177.
  7. ↑ Burke, Don (2005). The Complete Burke's Backyard: the Ultimate Book of Fact Sheets. Murdoch Books. p. 116. ISBN 978-1-74045-739-2.
  8. ↑ Austin, Daniel F. (2004). Florida Ethnobotany. CRC Press. pp. 217–219. ISBN 978-0-8493-2332-4.
  9. 1 2 "GRIN Species Records of Citharexylum". Germplasm Resources Information Network. United States Department of Agriculture. Retrieved 2010-09-13.
  10. ↑ "Citharexylum". Integrated Taxonomic Information System. Retrieved 25 January 2010.

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