Clemens Brentano

Clemens Brentano

Picture from Meyer's Encyclopedia, 1906
Born (1778-09-09)9 September 1778
Ehrenbreitstein near Koblenz (today in Koblenz), Electorate of Trier, Holy Roman Empire
Died 28 July 1842(1842-07-28) (aged 63)
Aschaffenburg, Germany
Occupation Writer
Nationality German
Alma mater University of Halle
Period Romantic
Genre Poetry
Notable works Des Knaben Wunderhorn
Relatives Bettina von Arnim (sibling)

Clemens Wenzeslaus Brentano (also Klemens; pseudonym: Clemens Maria Brentano, pronunciation: /brɛnˈtɑːnoʊ/; German: [bʀɛnˈtaːno]; 9 September 1778 – 28 July 1842) was a German poet and novelist, and a major figure of German Romanticism. He was the uncle, via his brother Christian, of Franz and Lujo Brentano.

Biography

Clemens Brentano was born to Peter Anton Brentano and Maximiliane von La Roche,[1] a wealthy merchant family in Frankfurt on 9 September 1778.[2] His father's family was of Italian descent. His sister was Bettina von Arnim, Goethe's correspondent. He studied in Halle and Jena, afterwards residing at Heidelberg, Vienna and Berlin. He was close to Wieland, Herder, Goethe, Friedrich Schlegel, Fichte and Tieck.[3]

From 1798 to 1800 Brentano lived in Jena, the first center of the romantic movement. In 1801, he moved to Göttingen, and became a friend of Achim von Arnim. He married writer Sophie Mereau on 29 October 1803. In 1804, he moved to Heidelberg and worked with Arnim on Zeitungen für Einsiedler and Des Knaben Wunderhorn. After his wife Sophie died in 1806 he married a second time in 1807 to Auguste Bussmann (whose half-sister, Marie de Flavigny, later by marriage the Countess Marie d'Agoult, would become the companion of pianist and composer Franz Liszt). In the years between 1808 and 1818, Brentano lived mostly in Berlin,[3] and from 1819 to 1824 in Dülmen, Westphalia.

In 1818, weary of his somewhat restless and unsettled life, he returned to the practice of the Catholic faith and withdrew to the monastery of Dülmen, where he lived for some years in strict seclusion. He took on there the position of secretary to the Catholic visionary nun, the Blessed Anne Catherine Emmerich.[3]

It was claimed that from 1802 until her death, she bore the wounds of the Crown of Thorns, and from 1812, the full stigmata, including a cross over her heart and the wound from the lance. Clemens Brentano made her acquaintance, was converted to the strong faith, and remained at the foot of the stigmatist's bed copying her dictation without embellishment from 1818-1824. When she died, he prepared an index of the visions and revelations from her journal, The Dolorous Passion of Our Lord Jesus Christ (published 1833). One of these visions made known by Brentano later resulted in the actual identification of the real House of the Virgin Mary in Ephesus by Abbé Julien Gouyet, a French priest, during 1881. However, some posthumous investigations in 1923 and 1928 made it uncertain how much of the books he attributed to Emmerich were actually his own creation and the works were discarded for her beatification process.[4][5]

The latter part of his life he spent in Regensburg, Frankfurt and Munich, actively engaged in promoting the Catholic faith. Brentano assisted Ludwig Achim von Arnim, his brother-in-law, in the collection of folk-songs forming Des Knaben Wunderhorn (1805–1808), which Gustav Mahler drew upon for his song cycle. He died in Aschaffenburg.

Brentano, whose early writings were published under the pseudonym Maria, belonged to the Heidelberg group of German romantic writers, and his works are marked by excess of fantastic imagery and by abrupt, bizarre modes of expression. His first published writings were Satiren und poetische Spiele (Leipzig, 1800), a romance Godwi oder Das steinerne Bild der Mutter (2 vols., Frankfort, 1801), and a musical drama Die lustigen Musikanten (Frankfort, 1803). Of his dramas the best are Ponce de Leon (1804), Victoria und ihre Geschwister (Berlin, 1817) and Die Grundung Prags (Pesth, 1815).

On the whole his finest work is the collection of Romanzen vom Rosenkranz (published posthumously in 1852); his short stories, and more especially the charming Geschichte vom braven Kasperl und dem schönen Annerl (1817), which has been translated into English, were very popular.

Brentano's collected works, edited by his brother Christian, appeared at Frankfurt in 9 vols. (1851–1855). Selections have been edited by J. B. Diel (1873), M. Koch (1892), and J. Dohmke (1893). See J. B. Diel and William Kreiten, Klemens Brentano (2 vols, 1877–1878), the introduction to Koch's edition, and R. Steig, A. von Arnim und K. Brentano (1894).

In his honor the Clemens-Brentano prize is awarded for German literature.

Cultural references

Brentano's work is referenced in Thomas Mann's novel Doctor Faustus. A cycle of thirteen songs, based on Brentano's poems, is noted in Chapter XXI as one of the composer protagonist's most significant early works.

Poems

Religious works

Fairy tales

References

  1. ↑ John F. Fetzer, Clemens Brentano, Twayne Publishers, 1981, p. 11.
  2. ↑ Crawford, Heidi. "Clemens Bretano", Encyclopedia of the Romantic Era, 1760-1850, Christopher John Murray (ed.), p. 109, Routledge, 2013 ISBN 9781135455798
  3. 1 2 3 "CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Klemens Maria Brentano". newadvent.org.
  4. ↑ Father John O' Malley (15 March 2004). "A Movie, a Mystic, a Spiritual Tradition". America. Archived from the original on 2011-10-05.
  5. ↑ Emmerich, Anne Catherine, and Clemens Brentano. The Dolorous Passion of Our Lord Jesus Christ. Anvil Publishers, Georgia, 2005 pages 49-56 (Note: the hard copy of this book has a wrong ISBN printed within its frontmatter, but the text (and the wrong ISBN) show up on Google books as published by Anvil Press)
  6. ↑ Emmerich, Anna Katharina. Das bittere Leiden unsers Herrn Jesu Christi.
  7. ↑ "The Dolorous Passion of Our Lord Jesus Christ". google.com.

Sources

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