Combat (photograph)

Combat

Combat is a black-and-white photograph by the Soviet photographer Max Alpert. It depicts a Soviet military officer armed with a TT pistol who is raising his unit for an attack during World War II. This work is regarded as one of the most iconic Soviet World War II photographs, yet neither the date nor the subject is known with certainty. According to the most widely accepted version, the photograph depicts Aleksei Gordeyevich Yeryomenko, minutes before his death on 12 July 1942.

History

Over the years Alpert gave a few contradictory versions of the event, with dates ranging from Autumn 1941 to 1943.^[1][2] It is to be noted, however, that it is impossible for it to be a 1943 photograph, as the M43 tunic with shoulder boards is not worn, along with a different collar than on the M43. He was consistent in that he did not know the officer's name, and that the photograph's title Combat ("Commander of a battalion") was likely inaccurate – after he took it, he overheard that "the combat is killed" and tentatively associated this message with the subject of the photograph. After the war Alpert received numerous letters claiming identification of the officer, but only one was confirmed by a joint investigation by Komsomolskaya Pravda and administration of Lugansk Oblast undertaken in the 1970s. According to this reconstructed version, Yeryomenko was the political commissar in his unit. When the commander got wounded, he took command and raised the unit for a counterattack against the German offence. He died within minutes after that.^[3][4]

Legacy

The photograph was reused in numerous publications, sculptures, artworks and commercial products, both in the Soviet Union and abroad.^[5][6]

• 
  Bas-relief in the Avenue of Glory in Zaporizhia, Ukraine
• 
  Monument to political officers in Slovianoserbsk Raion, Ukraine
• 
  Commemorative wristwatch issued on the 40th anniversary of Victory - Pobeda, 1985
• 
  Commemorative Russian 10 ruble coin, 2000: "55 years of Great Victory"

• Relief On the Avenue of military glory in Zaporozhye, created based on the famous photograph.^[7]
• An image of a political instructor, based on this photo, was the emblem of Donetsk Higher Military-Political School of Engineering and Signal Corps and other military and political schools of the Soviet Union.^[8]
• The image was used on a postage stamp of the Republic of Congo in 1985, dedicated to the 40th anniversary of the Victory Day^[9]
• In Chelyabinsk, the image was used to create metal bas-relief in memory of the victory in the Great Patriotic War. The bas-relief is located at the end of a nine-story residential building at Molodogvardeytsev Street, house 48; at the intersection of Molodogvardeytsev and Victory Avenue. During the construction of additional buildings to the complex in the late 1990s, the bas was dismantled and in its place a new, slightly different one was installed.^[10]

References

1. М. Альперт (1962). Беспокойная профессия. Moscow: Iskusstvo. pp. 65–66
2. O. Avramenko (1970). "Син комбата". Україна. 36: 14–15.
3. Leonid Shemeta (9 May 2008). "Кто же все-таки был легендарным комбатом?". Еженедельник 2000. 18–19 (413). Archived from the original on December 24, 2013.
4. На легендарном военном снимке через 20 лет сын узнал в Комбате отца. newzz.in.ua. 24 February 2011
5. Официальный нагрудный знак НВВКУ. nvvku.ru
6. Выставка одной фотографии. "Комбат", посвященная 72-й годовщине начала Великой Отечественной войны. rsva-ural.ru
7. Memorial composition in the Walk of Fame to commemorate the events of the Great Patriotic War
8. badges, medals, souvenirs | Alumni NVVPOU, TDS, Nwoko, NVVKU
9. Rep.Congo 1985 40th anniversary of Victory stamp
10. Joshuan - «The man with the gun" on Yandex. Photo