Cupola

In architecture, a cupola /ˈkjuːpələ/ is a small, most often dome-like, structure on top of a building.^[1] Often used to provide a lookout or to admit light and air, it usually crowns a larger roof or dome.^[2][3]

The word derives, via Italian, from the lower Latin cupula (classical Latin cupella from the Greek κύπελλον kupellon) "small cup" (Latin cupa) indicating a vault resembling an upside down cup.^[4]

The cupola is a development during the Renaissance of the oculus, an ancient device found in Roman architecture, but being weatherproof was superior for the wetter climates of northern Europe. The chhatri, seen in Indian architecture, fits the definition of a cupola when it is used atop a larger structure.

Cupolas often appear as small buildings in their own right. They often serve as a belfry, belvedere, or roof lantern above a main roof. In other cases they may crown a spire, tower, or turret. ^[3] Barns often have cupolas for ventilation.^[5]

The square, dome-like segment of a North American railroad train caboose, which contains the second-level or angel seats, is also called a cupola.^[6][7]

Some armored fighting vehicles have cupolas, called commander's cupola, which is a raised dome or cylinder with armored glass to provide 360-degree vision around the vehicle.^[8]

Gallery

• 
  Cupolas on the towers of Montefiascone Cathedral, Italy.
• 
  Interior of cupola ceiling in the old Synagogue of Győr, Hungary.
• 
  Ribbed cupola crowns the minaret of the Mosque of Uqba, in Kairouan, Tunisia.
• 
  Inside of Armenian Orthodox church cupola in Lviv, Ukraine.
• 
  Cupolas were also used on some old barns for ventilation.
• 
  A cupola-style caboose with an angel seat above

See also

• Daylighting

References

1. "Glossary of Architectural Terms - C". Archiseek: Online Architecture Resources. Retrieved 3 January 2009.
2. "cupola". The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language, Fifth Edition. Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company. 2014. Retrieved 26 April 2015.
3. "Just what is a cupola anyway?". Cupola Consulting. Retrieved 3 January 2009.
4. In Italian cupola simply means dome, and the ornamental top element is called lanterna.
5. "What is a cupola and why do barns have them?". Retrieved 15 November 2015.
6. "Railroad Dictionary: A". CSX.com. CSX Transportation. Retrieved 18 September 2014.
7. Zabel, Darcy (2005). The (Underground) Railroad in African American Literature. Peter Lang. p. 5. ISBN 9780820468167.
8. Bradford, George. Axis Armored Fighting Vehicles: 1/72 Scale.