Cyclone Andrea

For the tropical cyclone, see Cyclone Andrea (1970).
Cyclone Andrea

Surface weather map of 4 January 2012
Type European windstorm, Extratropical cyclone, Winter storm
Formed January 3, 2012
Dissipated January 9, 2012
Lowest pressure 964 mb (28.5 inHg)
Highest gust 176 km/h (109 mph) at Feldberg and Zugspitze
Damage $350 million (2012 USD)
Areas affected Iceland, Ireland, United Kingdom, Netherlands, Belgium, France, Germany, Denmark, Austria, Switzerland

Cyclone Andrea was an intense European windstorm that affected western and central Europe in early January 2012.

Meteorological history

Closely following Cyclone Ulli, the first named storm of 2012 formed SW of Iceland, moving down into the North Sea affecting UK, Netherlands, Denmark and Germany.[1]

Naming

All low-pressure areas that affect Europe are named by the Free University of Berlin.[2] The Free University of Berlin have six lists of names which they use each year. Every even year they use female names, while every odd year they use male names.[2]

Impacts

British Isles

Across the UK 100,000 homes were left without electricity.[3] Widespread damage occurred in Nottinghamshire, with more than 900 homes left without power.[4] The roofs of two houses were blown off in Lincolnshire, with many roads closed and fallen trees.[5] The worst affected area was Southern Scotland where several weather stations reported their highest gust on record. More than 100,000 Scottish homes and businesses were left without electricity. Gusts of 102 mph (164 km/h) were recorded in Edinburgh.[6]

European North Sea and Baltic Sea coasts

Netherlands

As the storm crossed the North Sea, the combination of low pressure, shallow waters and high winds piling water against the coast led to a storm surge developing along the coast.[1] Across the North Sea coast of Europe the storm surge combined with heavy rains leading to flooding. [7] The first week of January 2012, brought 70–90 mm of rain in the Netherlands, the usual amount for the whole of January. Storm Andrea brought strong winds (up to force 9) thunder and hail [8] Due to the high sea levels, the heavy rainfall could not be discharged as easily from the land without the risk of coastal flooding.[9]

In the West coast of the Netherlands high water was recorded at 2.30 metres above normal at the Hook of Holland, with Rotterdam expecting sea levels 2.48 metres above normal.[10] Operations in the port of Rotterdam were limited with eleven ships unable to leave, and two unable to enter. Pilot services for vessels coming into the port were also restricted.[11] Most flights were disrupted at Amsterdam Schiphol airport. Ferry services were also withdrawn to the Islands off the Dutch coast.[9]

Dyke leaking in northern Netherlands in danger of breaching saw residents evacuated by the army and police [12][13]

Germany

In Nord Rhein Westphalia the Rhine rose to flood levels close to Cologne, with vessels restricted to the middle of the river and flood defences being deployed.[14] The Federal Maritime and Hydrographic Agency (BSH) issued warnings for expected storm surges along the Northern German coast in North Frisia and Hamburg.[14] Trees fell onto power lines in the state of Saxony, leaving thousands without power, also in middle Saxony and Bautzen. In Regensburg the roof of a furniture store was badly damaged. Damage to the English Garden in Munich. A local train is derailed by a fallen tree at Reken in Münsterland, four passengers and the driver escaped without harm. Railway was closed after a tree fell on a train in Geltendorf, Augsburg.[14]

Belgium, France

In Nord Pas De Calais 5800 homes were left without power. In the port of Calais the SeaFrance ferry Berlioz slipped its moorings and crossed the harbour before striking the Ile de Batz, a cable laying ship belonging to Alcatel during winds of 110 km/h according to the harbourmaster.[15] Also in Étaples a wind turbine lost two blades.[16][17] The Belgian met office issued a code orange warning for the whole country and the Øresund Bridge was also closed between Denmark and Sweden due to the storm.[7] In Belgium the roof of a school blown off in Quenast, Walloon Brabant. Liège Airport experienced flight delays with 2 cargo planes being forced to divert to other airports. Rising river levels were reported across the country.[18]

Central Europe and European Alps

In Upper Franconia, Germany a 43-year-old man died following a frontal collision, according to police after a gust pushed the car into oncoming traffic.[14] In Ostallgäu, Bavaria lightning struck a 15th-century church tower, setting it on fire. The strong winds and snow thwarted attempts to stop the fire and the tower eventually collapsed.[11] In Switzerland the storm blocked railways and disrupted flights at Zurich airport, with Central Switzerland and the Zurich wine growing areas worst affected.[19] 83 km/h (52 mph) gusts were recorded close to the city of Zurich on January 5. At higher elevations of the Great St Bernard Pass on the French border wind speeds of 210 km/h (130 mph) were measured.[20] The storm brought heavy snow and avalanche warnings to western Austria.[21] Unusually heavy snows also buried towns and blocked roads in Austria's western Tyrol and Vorarlberg federal-states leading to avalanche warnings. Meanwhile, authorities were searching for a missing 15-year-old skier near Innsbruck.[20] Between January 5–9, 216 cm (85 in) of snow fell in Hochfilzen and 177 cm (70 in) in Langen am Arlberg. The Austrian national weather service reported that such large snowfalls occur approximately once a decade.[20] In the French Alps 20,000 homes were left without power as high winds and snow caused blackouts, with Haute-Savoie, Isère, and Savoy departments particularly affected.[17]

Further afield

Forecasters in France warned that the storm would continue south to Corsica in the Mediterranean, with both departments being put on orange alert by Meteo France. All flights to the island were suspended on the afternoon of January 5.[7][22]

Aftermath

Austrian rescue workers abandoned the search for a missing 15-year-old skier on 13 January, despite the best efforts of sniffer dogs, heat sensors, radar, and 450 personnel. The search was hampered by severe risk of avalanches in the area due to the heavy snow.[23] Hundreds of tourists were trapped in the Austrian resort of Ischgl after police closed the resort following two avalanches. Lifts were turned off and army helicopters were called to airlift inexperienced skiers to safety.[24][25] Interpolis, a subsidiary of the biggest Dutch insurance company, Achmea, stated that it had received about 2 million euros in claims for wind and rain damage in the first week of 2012, which includes damages relating to Cyclone Ulli.[9]

See also

References

  1. 1 2 "Extratropical Cyclone Andrea Summary". Air-worldwide. Retrieved 30 January 2012.
  2. 1 2 "History of Naming Weather Systems". Free University of Berlin. Retrieved 9 February 2012.
  3. ↑ "High winds and heavy rain lash UK". euronews.net. Retrieved 29 February 2012.
  4. ↑ "Strong winds leave Nottinghamshire homes without power". BBC. 5 January 2012. Retrieved 9 February 2012.
  5. ↑ "Winds of up to 70mph in Lincolnshire cause havoc". BBC. 5 January 2012. Retrieved 9 February 2012.
  6. ↑ "Winter storms, early January 2012". UK Met Office. Retrieved 29 October 2012.
  7. 1 2 3 "Storms, flooding prompt Dutch evacuations". BBC. 5 January 2012. Retrieved 10 February 2012.
  8. ↑ "Nat en onstuimig begin van het jaar" (in Dutch). KNMI. Retrieved 10 February 2012.
  9. 1 2 3 "Dutch Storms Disrupt Schiphol Flights, Rotterdam Shipping; Farms Flooded". bloomberg.com. Retrieved 10 February 2012.
  10. ↑ "Zuid-Holland kampt met wateroverlast, balgstuw bij Kampen opgeblazen" (in Dutch). nrc.nl. Retrieved 10 February 2012.
  11. 1 2 "Weather Chaos Strikes Europe Despite Mild Winter". Der Spiegel. Retrieved 10 February 2012.
  12. ↑ "Dutch floods threatening dyke forces mass evacuation". London: Daily Telegraph. 6 January 2012. Retrieved 10 February 2012.
  13. ↑ "Groningen still threatened by flooding". expatica.com. Retrieved 10 February 2012.
  14. 1 2 3 4 "ORKAN "ANDREA" ÜBER DEUTSCHLAND Blitzschlag setzt Kirche in Brand" (in German). bild.de. Retrieved 10 February 2012.
  15. ↑ "Le ferry SeaFrance Berlioz aborde le câblier Ile de Batz dans le port de Calais" (in French). meretmarine.com. Retrieved 10 February 2012.
  16. ↑ "Nord/Pas-de-Calais: still a few thousands of hearth without electricity". Le Parisien. Retrieved 10 February 2012.
  17. 1 2 "La Corse dans la tempête, 20.000 foyers sans électricité dans les Alpes" (in French). tf1.fr. Retrieved 10 February 2012.
  18. ↑ "Wallonië vreest overstromingen na storm" (in Flemish). DeRedactie.be. Retrieved 10 February 2012.
  19. ↑ "With gusto". swissinfo.ch. Retrieved 9 February 2012.
  20. 1 2 3 Grieser, Justin (11 January 2012). "Heavy snow buries western Austria, central Alps". Washington Post. Retrieved 9 February 2012.
  21. ↑ "Blizzard freezes travel in Austria". aljazeera. Retrieved 30 January 2012.
  22. ↑ "Météo France place la Corse en alerte orange au vent et aux vagues" (in French). Meteofrance. Retrieved 10 February 2012.
  23. ↑ "Austrians abandon search for skier, 15". windsorstar.com. Retrieved 9 February 2012.
  24. ↑ "British Skiers Trapped After Freak Snowfall". sky news. Retrieved 9 February 2012.
  25. ↑ "Heavy Austrian snowfalls trigger avalanche fears". theaustralian.com.au. Retrieved 9 February 2012.
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