DSCH motif

The DSCH motif

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DSCH is a musical motif used by the composer Dmitri Shostakovich to represent himself. It is a musical cryptogram in the manner of the BACH motif, consisting of the notes D, E flat, C, B natural, or in German musical notation D, Es, C, H (pronounced as "De-Es-Ce-Ha"), thus standing for the composer's initials in German transliteration: D. Sch. (Dmitri Schostakowitsch), also pronounced as "De-Es-Ce-Ha."

Usage

By Shostakovich

The motif occurs in many of his works, including:

Violin Concerto No. 1 in A minor, Op. 77
Symphony No. 10 in E minor, Op. 93
Cello Concerto No. 1 in E flat major, Op. 107
String Quartet No. 8 in C minor, Op. 110 (appears in every single movement)
Symphony No. 15 in A major, Op. 141.
Piano Sonata No. 2 in B minor, Op. 61 (questionable)
Symphony No. 8 in C minor, Op. 65 (only one time, approx. five minutes before the end of the symphony)
Fugue No. 15 in D-flat major, Op. 87 (only once, in the stretto)
String Quartet No. 5 in B-flat major, Op. 92
String Quartet No. 6 in G major, Op. 101 (Played all at once by the four instruments at the end of each movement)

By others

Before Shostakovich used the motif, it was used by Mozart in measures 16 and 18 of his String Quartet no. 19 in C major, K. 465 in the first violin part.

Many homages to Shostakovich (such as Schnittke's Prelude in memory of Dmitri Shostakovich or Tsintsadze's 9th String Quartet) make extensive use of the motif. The British composer Ronald Stevenson composed a large Passacaglia on it. Also Edison Denisov dedicated some works (1969 DSCH for clarinet, trombone, cello and piano, and his 1970 saxophone sonata) to Shostakovich, by quoting the motif several times and using it as the first 4 notes of a twelve-tone series. Denisov was Shostakovich's protégé for a long time.

Benjamin Britten's Rejoice in the Lamb (1943) contains the DSCH motif repeated several times in the accompaniment, progressively getting louder each time, finally at fortissimo over the chords accompanying "And the watchman strikes me with his staff". The vocal text given to the motive is "silly fellow, silly fellow, is against me". A further reference appears in Britten's The Rape of Lucretia (1946), where the DSCH motif acts as the main structural component of Lucretia's aria "Give him this orchid."

The contemporary Italian composer Lorenzo Ferrero made use of it in DEsCH, a composition for oboe, bassoon, piano and orchestra written in 2006 to commemorate the 100th anniversary of Shostakovich's birth, and in Op.111 - Bagatella su Beethoven (2009), which blends themes from the Piano Sonata No. 32 in C minor, Op. 111 by Ludwig van Beethoven with the Shostakovich musical monogram.

The motif was also incorporated by Chumbawamba in "Hammer, Stirrup and Anvil" (2009), their song about Shostakovich's career under Stalin.

Danny Elfman, in his Russian influenced score for the 1995 film Dolores Claiborne, opened the film with the DSCH motif and, subsequently, used it throughout as a nod to Schostakovich's 8th String Quartet (which he cites on his Oct 10, 2006 Apple i-Tunes playlist as "Simply one of the most beautiful, exquisitely sad, and soulful pieces of music I've ever heard").

DSCH Journal, the standard journal of Shostakovich studies, takes its name from the motif. "DSCH" is sometimes used as an abbreviation of Shostakovich's name. DSCH Publishers is a Moscow publishing house that published the 150-volume New Collected Works of Dmitri Shostakovich in 2005, 25% of which contained previously unpublished works.

Media

	DSCH Motif A simple audio file containing the DSCH Motif alone
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Bibliography

Brown, Stephen C., “Tracing the Origins of Shostakovich’s Musical Motto,” Intégral 20 (2006): 69–103.
Gasser, Mark. "Ronald Stevenson, Composer-Pianist: An Exegetical Critique from a Pianistic Perspective". PhD diss. [Western Australia]: Edith Cowan University, 2013.

External links

"DSCH – Shostakovich's Motto", DSCH journal
- "DSCH Quotation Examples", DSCH journal

Motifs

Early

Ave Regina Caelorum - Dufay

Common
practice

Baroque	BACH motif

Classical	BACH motif

Romantic	BACH motif Cross motif Dresden amen

Modern and
contemporary

20th-century	DSCH motif Schoenberg hexachord

Contemporary	Sacher hexachord

21st-century	BACH motif DSCH motif Sacher hexachord Schoenberg hexachord

Other

Dmitri Shostakovich

Operas and operetta

Lady Macbeth of the Mtsensk District
Moscow, Cheryomushki
The Nose
Orango (unfinished)
The Big Lightning (unfinished)
The Twelve Chairs (unfinished)
The Gamblers (unfinished)

The New Babylon
Alone
Golden Mountains
Counterplan
The Tale of the Priest and of His Workman Balda
The Youth of Maxim
Girl Friends
The Return of Maxim
The Vyborg Side
Friends
The Great Citizen
Zoya
Simple People
The Young Guard
Pirogov
Michurin
Meeting on the Elbe
The Fall of Berlin
Belinsky
The Unforgettable Year 1919
The Gadfly
Five Days, Five Nights
Sofiya Perovskaya
Hamlet
King Lear

Vocal music

Chamber music

String quartets	No. 1 in C major No. 2 in A major No. 3 in F major No. 4 in D major No. 5 in B♭ major No. 6 in G major No. 7 in F♯ minor No. 8 in C minor No. 9 in E♭ major No. 10 in A♭ major No. 11 in F minor No. 12 in D♭ major No. 13 in B♭ minor No. 14 in F♯ major No. 15 in E♭ minor

Other	Cello Sonata in D minor Piano Quintet in G minor Piano Trio No. 1 in C minor Piano Trio No. 2 in E minor Quartet Movement in E♭ major (c. 1960s) Viola Sonata Violin Sonata

Piano music

Named for Shostakovich

Portal:Classical music

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