Defense Production Administration

The Defense Production Administration (DPA) was an independent agency of the United States government whose function was to oversee and control defense production programs of the United States during wartime mobilization. The Office of Defense Mobilization (ODM) had been established by Executive Order 10193 (issued December 16, 1950) under the authority of the Defense Production Act of 1950. ODM's charge was to regulate the economy so that defense production needs could be met, even if this meant restricting the flow of goods and services to the civilian sector of the economy.

The Defense Production Administration was established by Executive Order 10200 on January 3, 1951. Its mandate was to oversee the federal government's defense production program, which included materials production, manufacturing conversion, setting of production quotas, and establishing the mix of defense and civilian production. It was placed under the Office of Defense Mobilization along with the Wage Stabilization Board, the Office of Price Administration and other wartime agencies. The National Production Authority (NPA) was placed under the control of the Defense Production Administration. Although most of the NPA's functions were transferred to the Defense Production Administration, the agency re-delegated them right back to NPA. Indeed, most of the agencies which fell under the DPA's authority remained, organizationally, within their respective Cabinet departments.^[1]

William Henry Harrison, former president of International Telephone & Telegraph and administrator of the National Production Authority, was named the DPA's first director.^[2]

Harrison resigned after only a short time on the job, however. Manly Fleischmann was named the agency's second administrator in late 1951. But Fleischmann resigned in May 1952.^[3]

Henry H. Fowler was named the agency's last director. He led the DPA from 1952 to 1953, serving concurrently as the administrator of the NPA.^[4]

The Defense Production Administration was abolished by Executive Order 10433 on February 4, 1953. Its functions were transferred to its parent agency, the Office of Defense Mobilization.^[1]

Notes

1. Pierpaoli, Truman and Korea: The Political Culture of the Early Cold War, 1999.
2. "New Machine," Time, January 15, 1951.
3. "Overall Coordinator," Time, May 19, 1952.
4. "Henry Fowler," in Biographical Dictionary of the United States Secretaries of the Treasury, 1789-1995, 1996.

References

• "Henry Fowler." In Biographical Dictionary of the United States Secretaries of the Treasury, 1789-1995. Bernard S. Katz, C. Daniel Vencil and Daniel Vencil, eds. Westport, Conn.: Greenwood Publishing, 1996. ISBN 0-313-28012-6
• "New Machine." Time. January 15, 1951.
• "Overall Coordinator." Time. May 19, 1952.
• Pierpaoli Jr., Paul G. Truman and Korea: The Political Culture of the Early Cold War. Columbia, Mo.: University of Missouri Press, 1999. ISBN 0-8262-1206-9

External links

• Records of the Office of Emergency Preparedness, 1951-73. Record Group 396. Guide to Federal Records. National Archives and Records Administration, 1995. Records of the successor agency to the OMD and the DPA. Accessed May 13, 2007.
• Papers of Edward K. Moss, Dwight D. Eisenhower Presidential Library and Museum Information Officer of the Defense Production Administration. Accessed January 5, 2008