Demmin

Demmin

Coat of arms
Demmin

Coordinates: 53°54′18″N 13°02′38″E / 53.90500°N 13.04389°E / 53.90500; 13.04389Coordinates: 53°54′18″N 13°02′38″E / 53.90500°N 13.04389°E / 53.90500; 13.04389
Country Germany
State Mecklenburg-Vorpommern
District Mecklenburgische Seenplatte
Government
 • Mayor Ernst Wellmer (CDU)
Area
 • Total 80.653 km2 (31.140 sq mi)
Population (2015-12-31)[1]
 • Total 11,269
 • Density 140/km2 (360/sq mi)
Time zone CET/CEST (UTC+1/+2)
Postal codes 17109
Dialling codes 03998
Vehicle registration DM
Website www.demmin.de

Demmin (German pronunciation: [dɛˈmiːn]; Polish: Dymin) is a town in the Mecklenburgische Seenplatte district, Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania, Germany. It was the capital of the former district Demmin.

History

Name

The name may originate from the Slavic term timänie 'swampy area'. Another possible origin for the name Demmin could be from Old Polabian dym (plural: dyminy) 'smoke', referring to clearing land through burning to make settlement possible. In 1075, Adam of Bremen reported[2] a fight over the castle at Dimine. In the course of history, the name changed, and sources refer to Dymine and Dimin, Latinized to Dyminium, finally Demmyn, and since 1320 the town has been known under its present spelling Demmin.

A popular explanation of the name, but without any historical basis, is as follows: two princesses built a castle called Haus Demmin and promised each other (in the Low German language spoken in Demmin) Dat Hus is din und min 'That house is yours (din) and mine (min).' Thus the name of the castle and of the city is said to have developed.[3][4][5][6][7][8]

Prehistory

As early as 5500 - 4900 BC, the Neolithic Linear Pottery culture spread from the East, and from the Oder river into the area east[9] of Demmin. The great dolmen near Upost[10] is classified as the eastern most great dolmen.[11] As an evidence of the Funnelbeaker culture, 119 Megalith constructions bear witness around the county of Demmin.[12] Of these, 56 are partially preserved. The majority of these constructions are 37 Dolmen The fact that there are also six simple dolmen preserved, makes Demmin and its surrounding area one of those regions in which the construction of such facilities had its roots. The later period is characterized by 12 preserved in the district of Demmin Tumulus and basin stones. From about 1800 BC on, the settlement of the area by Germanic peoples began.

Saxon Wars to 10th century

part of the defensive wall of the Slavic castle outside Haus Demmin

Slavic settlements of the Veleti in the forests surrounding Demmin can be traced back to the 8th century. In 789,[13] during the Saxon wars, Charlemagne led his troops to the Peene river, against the Veleti who were allies of the Saxons. Dragovit, king of the Veleti, whose castle, civitas Dragowiti[14][15] was said to most likely have been located at Vorwerk (Demmin), submitted to Charlemagne and swore fealty. The region was very suitable for a settlement and was important due to its location at the crossing of rivers and trade roads. During the struggle between the Veleti and the Franks, a border castle was erected by Lutici Circipanians at the dawn of the 10th century.[16] That castle was later called “Haus Demmin”. It controlled the Eastern parts of Circipania, a territory that stretched to Güstrow in the west. Its main castle was Teterow.

Middle Ages

Demmin was a stronghold of the West Slav Circipanes during the Middle Ages. Due to its strategical importance, burghs were erected (and often attacked and destroyed) at the Vorwerk and Haus Demmin sites, named Dimin or Dymin. A Saxon army unsuccessfully besieged the settlement during the 1147 Wendish Crusade. Yet, the armed conflicts with their neighbors and invasion troops from Germany and Denmark devastated the Circipanes land badly. It was resettled by Germans and Flemmings by the 12th to 14th centuries. Circipania was split between Mecklenburg and Pommern, with Demmin on the Pomeranian side becoming a residence town for Pomeranian dukes (Teilherzogtum Pomerania-Demmin).

Modern Age

Map of Haus Demin, 1758
St Bartholomew's Church

Like most of Pomeranian areas aside the larger coastal Hanse cities, the character of Demmin and its surrounding areas remained rural and dominated by agriculture until today, even though Demmin had been a member of the Hanse league because of the rivers (e.g. the Peene River) connecting this area to the Baltic coast.

During the Thirty Years' War, Demmin was occupied by imperial forces from 1627 to 1630,[17] and thereafter by Swedish forces.[18]

In the Weimar Republic Demmin was a stronghold of the nationalistic organisations DNVP and the Stahlhelm. Even before 1933 there were boycotts of Jewish businesses, which drove away most of the Jews and the synagogue was sold in June 1938 at a furniture company, which is why it survived as a building today. On 11 November 1938 thousands gathered in the square in anti-Semitic demonstration.[19] In the last free national elections to the Reichstag on 5 March 1933 the National Socialist Party won 53.7 percent of votes in Demmin[20]

During World War II, Poles, Russians, as well as POWs from France and Belgium were used as forced labour in the town.

German troops destroyed the bridges over the Peene while retreating from Demmin during World War II. This way, the advance of the Soviet Red Army was slowed down when they arrived in Demmin on 30 April 1945. During that night and the following morning, Demmin was handed over to the Red Army largely without fighting, similar to other cities like Greifswald. Rapes, pillage and executions committed by Red Army soldiers triggered a mass suicide of hundreds of people and nearly all of the Old Town was burned down.[21]

Coat of arms

The coat of arms of Demmin displays:

Famous residents

References

  1. ↑ "Bevölkerungsstand der Kreise, Ämter und Gemeinden in Mecklenburg-Vorpommern 31.12.2015". Statistisches Amt Mecklenburg-Vorpommern (in German). July 2016.
  2. ↑ Gesta Hammaburgensis ecclesiae pontificum
  3. ↑ Temme, Jodocus Donatus Hubertus. 1840. Die Volkssagen von Pommern und Rügen. Berlin: Nicolaische Buchhandlung, p. 171.
  4. ↑ Ferrand, Eduard. 1845. "Norddeutsche Volkssagen." In Arthur Müller, Moderne Reliquien, vol. 2, pp. 329–360. Berlin: Adolf Gumprecht, p. 351.
  5. ↑ Schmidt, Th. 1865. Die Bedeutung der pommerischen Städtenamen: Jubelschrift zur fünf- und zwanzigjährigen Stiftungsfeier der Friedrich-Wilhelms-Schule in Stettin. Stettin: A. Rast, p. 9.
  6. ↑ Grässe, Johann Georg Theodor. 1871. Sagenbuch des preussischen Staats, vol. 2. Glogan: Verlag von Carl Flemming, p. 466.
  7. ↑ Knoop, D. 1891. "Allerhand Scherz, Neckereien, Reime und Erzählungen über pommersche Orte und ihre Bewohner." Baltische Studien 41: 99–203, p. 121.
  8. ↑ Eichblatt, Hermann: Sagen, Volksglaube und Bräuche aus Demmin und Umgebung. Demmin 1925, chapter 1.
  9. ↑ Schuldt, Ewald (Hg.): Bodendenkmalpflege in Mecklenburg. Jahrbuch 1969, Berlin, Deutscher Verlag der Wissenschaften 1970 pp. 321
  10. ↑ Great Dolmen near Upost
  11. ↑ Schuldt, pp. 321
  12. ↑ Sprockhoff, Ernst: Atlas der Megalithgräber Deutschlands Teil 2: Mecklenburg - Brandenburg - Pommern (1967) ISBN 978-3-7749-0743-0
  13. ↑ Einhard: The Life of Charlemagne; ISBN 0-472-06035-X
  14. ↑ Aspekte der Nationenbildung im Mittelalter: Ergebnisse der Marburger Rundgespräche 1972-1975. Pages 206ff. ISBN 3-7995-6101-3
  15. ↑ Stolle, Wilhelm Carl: Beschreibung und Geschichte der Hauptstadt Demmin. Greifswald 1772, page 481.
  16. ↑ Barthold, Friedrich Wilhelm: Geschichte der deutschen Städte und des deutschen Bürgerthums, Volumes 1-2; ISBN 1-149-26202-8
  17. ↑ Langer, Herbert (2003). "Die Anfänge des Garnisionswesens in Pommern". In Asmus, Ivo; Droste, Heiko; Olesen, Jens E. Gemeinsame Bekannte: Schweden und Deutschland in der Frühen Neuzeit (in German). Berlin-Hamburg-Münster: LIT Verlag. p. 403. ISBN 3-8258-7150-9.
  18. ↑ Langer, Herbert (2003). "Die Anfänge des Garnisionswesens in Pommern". In Asmus, Ivo; Droste, Heiko; Olesen, Jens E. Gemeinsame Bekannte: Schweden und Deutschland in der Frühen Neuzeit (in German). Berlin-Hamburg-Münster: LIT Verlag. p. 397. ISBN 3-8258-7150-9.
  19. ↑ Artikel Demmin in: Irene Diekmann (Hg.), Wegweiser durch das jüdische Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Potsdam 1998, S. 99 ff, bes. S. 111 f
  20. ↑ Thomas Schreck: Echt deutsch und national - Die vorpommersche Kleinstadt Demmin im Jahr 1933, in: Zeitgeschichte regional 4/4 (2000), S. 14-23
  21. ↑ Buske, Norbert (Hg.): Das Kriegsende in Demmin 1945. Berichte Erinnerungen Dokumente (Landeszentrale für politische Bildung Mecklenburg-Vorpommern. Landeskundliche Hefte), Schwerin 1995, in German (The End of the War in Demmin 1945 - Reports, Reminiscences, Documents). ISBN 3-931185-04-4.

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