Deposition (politics)

Deposition by political means concerns the removal of a politician or monarch.^[1] It may be done by coup, impeachment, invasion, or forced abdication.^[2] The term may also refer to the official removal of a clergyman, especially a bishop, from ecclesiastical office.

Notable deposed politicians

• Juan Manuel de Rosas (1852)
• Sam Houston (1861)
• José Antonio Páez (1863)
• Mariano Melgarejo (1871)
• Porfirio Díaz (1911)
• Alexander Kerensky (1917)
• Konstantin Päts (1940)
• Antanas Smetona (1940)
• Kārlis Ulmanis (1940)
• Fulgencio Batista (1959)^[3]
• Nikita Khrushchev (1964)^[4]
• Eric Gairy (1973)
• Idi Amin (1979)^[5]
• Anastasio Somoza Debayle (1979)
• Jean-Claude Duvalier (1986)
• Ferdinand E. Marcos (1986)^[6]
• Habib Bourguiba (1987)
• Alfredo Stroessner (1989)^[7]
• Erich Honecker (1989)^[8]
• Todor Zhivkov (1989)^[9]
• Manuel Noriega (1989)^[10]
• Nicolae Ceaușescu (1989)^[11]
• Hissène Habré (1990)
• Mengistu Haile Mariam (1991)
• Jean-Bertrand Aristide (1991, 2004)
• Carlos Andrés Pérez (1993)
• Nawaz Sharif (1993, 1999)
• Slobodan Milošević (2000)^[12]
• Gustavo Noboa (2003)
• Saddam Hussein (2003)
• Charles Taylor (2003)^[13]
• Lucio Gutiérrez (2005)
• Thaksin Shinawatra (2006)
• Zine El Abidine Ben Ali (2011)^[14]
• Hosni Mubarak (2011)^[15]
• Mohamed Morsi (2013)
• Dilma Rousseff (2016)

Notable deposed monarchs

• Ethelred II of England (1013)
• Sancho II of Portugal (1248)
• Adolf of Nassau (1298)
• Edward II of England (1327)^[1]
• Richard II of England (1399)^[2]
• Wenceslaus, King of the Romans (1400)
• Henry VI of England (1461)
• Edward V of England (1483)
• Mary, Queen of Scots (1567)
• Gwanghaegun of Joseon (1623)
• Philip III of Portugal (1640)
• James II of England (1688)^[16]
• Louis XVI of France (1789)
• Bahadur Shah II of the Mughal Empire (1858)^[17]
• Isabel II of Spain (1868)
• Frederick William Koko Mingi VIII of Nembe (1898)
• Abdul Hamid II of the Ottoman Empire (1908)^[18]
• Manuel II of Portugal (1910)
• Aisin-Gioro Puyi of the Qing Dynasty (1911)
• Mehmed VI of the Ottoman Empire (1921)
• Alfonso XIII of Spain (1931)
• Farouk of Egypt (1952)^[19]
• Constantine II of Greece (1967)
• Idris of Libya (1969)^[20]
• Mohammed Zahir Shah (1973)
• Haile Selassie I (1974)^[21]
• Muhammad Reza Shah Pahlavi (1979)

Notable deposed bishops

• Cyril of Alexandria
• Cyril Lucaris
• John Chrysostom
• Nestorius
• Photios I of Constantinople
• Antipope Benedict XIII
• Antipope John XXIII
• The Nine Bishops of the Nonjuring Schism
• Robert Duncan, VII Bishop of Pittsburgh
• Mark Lawrence, XIV Bishop of South Carolina
• John-David Schofield, IV Bishop of San Joaquin

See also

• Coup d'état
• Defrock
• Motion of no confidence

References

1. The Deposition of Edward II, Medieval England, Steven Muhlberger, ORB: The Online Reference for Medieval Studies, 1999
2. The deposition of Richard II, J.P.Sommerville, History Department, University of Wisconsin
3. Sierra, Jerry A. "Batista - From Army Sergeant to Dictator". History of Cuba. Retrieved 2 May 2016.
4. "Khrushchev Ousted From Top Posts". New York Times - On This Day, October 14, 1964. New York Times. Retrieved 9 May 2016.
5. "Head to Head: Toppling of Idi Amin". BBC News. BBC. 10 April 2009. Retrieved 7 May 2016.
6. "The Downfall of Marcos". H Monte Hill, Air University. Retrieved 30 April 2016.
7. 25 Years after the Fall of Alfredo Stroessner Right Livelihood.
8. "East Germany Leader Ousted". BBC News - On This Day (18 October). BBC. Retrieved 29 April 2016.
9. "Evolution in Europe: Bulgarian Communist stalwart says he'd do it all differently". New York Times. 28 November 1990. Retrieved 2 May 2016.
10. "US Forces Oust General Noriega". BBC News - On This Day (20 December). BBC. Retrieved 11 May 2016.
11. "The Autobiography of Nicolae Ceaușescu". The Seventh Art. 15 January 2011. Retrieved 29 April 2016.
12. "Milošević's Yugoslavia - Downfall". BBC News. BBC. Retrieved 29 April 2016.
13. "President Charles Ghankay Taylor, 1997-2003". Liberia Past and Present. Retrieved 2 May 2016.
14. "Tunisia: The fall of Ben Ali". Al-Bab. 17 December 2015. Retrieved 29 April 2016.
15. "Egypt's Last Pharaoh? The rise and fall of Hosni Mubarak". Time. Retrieved 30 April 2016.
16. "The 1688 Revolution". History Learning Site. Retrieved 9 May 2016.
17. "The last days of Mughal Emperor Bahadur Shah Zafar in Burma". Two Circles. Retrieved 1 May 2016.
18. "The Young Turk Revolution and the 1908 annexation of Bosnia". Balkan Analysis. 25 April 2006. Retrieved 2 May 2016.
19. "The overthrow of Egypt's King Farouk - a dramatic departure from power". Al-Arabiya. 24 January 2014. Retrieved 11 May 2016.
20. "Bloodless Coup in Libya". BBC News - On This Day (1 September). BBC. Retrieved 7 May 2016.
21. "The Last Emperor - The Fall of Haile Selassie". Association for Diplomatic Studies and Training. Retrieved 7 May 2016.