Double concerto
A double concerto (Italian: Doppio concerto; German: Doppelkonzert) refers to two distinct variations on the concerto. Most often, it refers to a concerto featuring two performers, as opposed to the usual single performer, in the solo role. These two performers' instruments may be of the same type, as in Bach's, Concerto for Two Violins, or different, as in Brahms's Concerto for Violin, Cello and Orchestra.
The term may also be used to refer to the use of a double orchestral body where the work is in concerto grosso form; for example, Martinů's Double Concerto for Two String Orchestras, Piano, and Timpani is commonly known by the title "Double Concerto," where the word "double" refers to the two string bodies rather than to the piano and timpani who are not soloists in the conventional sense.
Triple concerto
Concerti with more than two solo parts may be known by the terms "triple concerto" (Italian: Concerto triplo, German: Tripelkonzert), "quadruple concerto," etc., but not usually when the instruments of the same type (e.g., Vivaldi's Concerto for Four Violins in B minor, catalogued as RV 580 and transcribed for four harpsichords by Bach as BWV 1065).
One common arrangement for a triple concerto is for violin, cello, and piano, Beethoven's Triple Concerto for Violin, Cello, Piano and Orchestra being perhaps the most notable, but there have been many; see the list of triple concertos for violin, cello, and piano.
A notable quadruple concerto is Olivier Messiaen's incomplete Concert à quatre.
List of notable double concertos
For two soloists
- Antonio Vivaldi, Concerto for two Violoncellos in g minor (RV 531)
- Johann Sebastian Bach, Concerto for Two Violins in D minor, Concerto for Violin, Oboe, and Strings BWV 1060, in C minor
- Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, Concerto for Flute, Harp, and Orchestra
- Mozart, Piano Concerto No. 10
- Felix Mendelssohn, Concerto for Violin, Piano and Strings
- Johannes Brahms, Concerto for Violin, Cello and Orchestra
- Max Bruch, Concerto for Clarinet, Viola, and Orchestra (1911)
- Frederick Delius, Double Concerto for violin, cello, and orchestra (1915)
- Igor Stravinsky, Concerto for Two Pianos (1935)
- Elliott Carter, Double Concerto for Harpsichord and Piano with Two Chamber Orchestras (1961)
- Hans Werner Henze, Double Concerto for Oboe, Harp and Strings (1966)
- Witold Lutosławski, Double Concerto for Oboe, Harp and Chamber Orchestra (1979–80)
For two orchestras
- Bohuslav Martinů, Double Concerto for Two String Orchestras, Piano, and Timpani (1938)
- Michael Tippett, Concerto for Double String Orchestra (1938-39)