Choline monooxygenase

choline monooxygenase
Identifiers
EC number	1.14.15.7
Databases
IntEnz	IntEnz view
BRENDA	BRENDA entry
ExPASy	NiceZyme view
KEGG	KEGG entry
MetaCyc	metabolic pathway
PRIAM	profile
PDB structures	RCSB PDB PDBe PDBsum
Gene Ontology	AmiGO / EGO
Search PMC articles PubMed articles NCBI proteins

In enzymology, a choline monooxygenase (EC 1.14.15.7) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction

choline + O₂ + 2 reduced ferredoxin + 2 H⁺ $\rightleftharpoons$ betaine aldehyde hydrate + H₂O + 2 oxidized ferredoxin

The 4 substrates of this enzyme are choline, O₂, reduced ferredoxin, and H⁺, whereas its 3 products are betaine aldehyde hydrate, H₂O, and oxidized ferredoxin.

This enzyme belongs to the family of oxidoreductases, specifically those acting on paired donors, with O2 as oxidant and incorporation or reduction of oxygen. The oxygen incorporated need not be derived from O2 with reduced iron-sulfur protein as one donor, and incorporation o one atom of oxygen into the other donor. The systematic name of this enzyme class is choline,reduced-ferredoxin:oxygen oxidoreductase. This enzyme participates in glycine, serine and threonine metabolism.

References

• Brouquisse R, Weigel P, Rhodes D, Yocum CF & Hanson AD (1989). "Evidence for a ferredoxin-dependent choline monooxygenase from spinach chloroplast stroma". Plant Physiol. 90 (1): 322–329. doi:10.1104/pp.90.1.322. PMC 1061717. PMID 16666757.
• Burnet M, Lafontaine PJ, Hanson AD (1995). "Assay, Purification, and Partial Characterization of Choline Monooxygenase from Spinach". Plant. Physiol. 108 (2): 581–588. doi:10.1104/pp.108.2.581. PMC 157377. PMID 12228495.
• Scott P, Golbeck JH, Hanson AD (1997). "Choline monooxygenase, an unusual iron-sulfur enzyme catalyzing the first step of glycine betaine synthesis in plants: prosthetic group characterization and cDNA cloning". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 94 (7): 3454–8. doi:10.1073/pnas.94.7.3454. PMC 20391. PMID 9096415.
• Russell BL, Rathinasabapathi B, Hanson AD (1998). "Osmotic stress induces expression of choline monooxygenase in sugar beet and amaranth". Plant. Physiol. 116 (2): 859–65. doi:10.1104/pp.116.2.859. PMC 35146. PMID 9489025.
• Gage DA & Hanson AD (1998). "Glycine betaine synthesis in transgenic tobacco expressing choline monooxygenase is limited by the endogenous choline supply". Plant J. 16 (1): 101–110. doi:10.1046/j.1365-313x.1998.00274.x.
• AD; Russell, BL; Nolte, KD; Rathinasabapathi, B; Gage, DA; Hanson, AD (1998). "The endogenous choline supply limits glycine betaine synthesis in transgenic tobacco expressing choline monooxygenase". Plant. J. 16 (4): 487–96. doi:10.1046/j.1365-313x.1998.00316.x. PMID 9881168.
• Takabe T; Tanaka, Y; Aoki, K; Hibino, T; Jikuya, H; Takano, J; Takabe, T; Takabe, T (2003). "Isolation and functional characterization of N-methyltransferases that catalyze betaine synthesis from glycine in a halotolerant photosynthetic organism Aphanothece halophytica". J. Biol. Chem. 278 (7): 4932–42. doi:10.1074/jbc.M210970200. PMID 12466265.