Edward Mellanby

Edward Mellanby
Edward Mellanby in 1943
Born	8 April 1884 West Hartlepool
Died	30 January 1955 (aged 70)
Institutions	University of Sheffield University of Cambridge
Alma mater	Emmanuel College, Cambridge
Notable awards	FRS (1925)[1] Bisset Hawkins Medal (1929) Royal Medal (1932) Buchanan Medal (1947)
Spouse	May Tweedy (married 1914)

Sir Edward Mellanby GBE KCB FRS FRCP^[1] (8 April 1884 – 30 January 1955)^{[2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9]} discovered vitamin D and its role in preventing rickets in 1919.^[10]

Education

Mellanby was born in West Hartlepool, the son of a shipyard owner, and educated at Barnard Castle School and Emmanuel College, Cambridge, where he studied physiology.

Career

After working as a research student from 1905 to 1907, Mellanby studied medicine at St. Thomas's Hospital in London, and in 1913 became a medical doctor. He served as a lecturer at King's College for Women in London from 1913 to 1920, during which time he was asked to investigate the cause of rickets. He discovered that feeding caged dogs on a diet of porridge induced rickets, which could then be cured with cod liver oil and concluded that rickets was caused by a dietary factor. It was later discovered that the actual cause of rickets is lack of vitamin D due to lack of sunlight which can be prevented or remedied by ingesting food rich in vitamin D, such as cod liver oil.

He worked on the detrimental effect of foods containing significant phytic acid, particularly cereals.^[11][12]

In 1914 he married May Tweedy, a lecturer at Bedford College (London) who would also carry out research into nutrition and dental disease.^[13]

In 1920 he was appointed professor of pharmacology at the University of Sheffield, and consultant physician at the Royal Infirmary in that city. He then served as the secretary of the Medical Research Council from 1933 to 1949.

He was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society in 1925.^[1][14][15] He was awarded their Royal Medal in 1932 and their Buchanan Medal in 1947.

He delivered the Croonian Lecture to the Royal College of Physicians in 1933 and the Croonian lecture to the Royal Society in 1943, both on the subject of diet.

He was knighted (KCB) in 1937 and made GBE in 1948.

Publications include Nutrition and Disease – the Interaction of Clinical and Experimental Work (Edinburgh and London: Oliver and Boyd, 1934). In the work, he writes extensively on vitamin deficiency. He delivered the Harveian Oration to the Royal College of Physicians in 1938.

References

1. Dale, H. H. (1955). "Edward Mellanby 1884-1955". Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society. 1: 192–126. doi:10.1098/rsbm.1955.0015. JSTOR 769252.
2. Mellanby, E. (1930). "A Lecture on THE RELATION OF DIET TO HEALTH AND DISEASE: SOME RECENT INVESTIGATIONS". British Medical Journal. 1 (3614): 677–681. doi:10.1136/bmj.1.3614.677. PMC 2312877. PMID 20775383.
3. Hawgood, B. J. (2010). "Sir Edward Mellanby (1884-1955) GBE KCB FRCP FRS: Nutrition scientist and medical research mandarin". Journal of Medical Biography. 18 (3): 150–157. doi:10.1258/jmb.2010.010020. PMID 20798415.
4. Platt, B. S. (1956). "Sir Edward Mellanby, G.B.E., K.C.B., M.D., F.R.C.P., F.R.S. (1884-1955): The Man, Research Worker, and Statesman". Annual Review of Biochemistry. 25: 1–28. doi:10.1146/annurev.bi.25.070156.000245. PMID 13363303.
5. Platt, B. S. (1956). "Sir Edward Mellanby, 8 April 1884-30 January 1955". The British journal of nutrition. 10 (3): 177–181. doi:10.1079/BJN19560030. PMID 13355929.
6. Harington, C. (1956). "Edward Mellanby". British medical bulletin. 12 (1): 3–4. PMID 13284292.
7. Platt, B. S. (1955). "Sir Edward Mellanby, G.B.E., K.C.B., F.R.S". Nature. 175 (4456): 530–532. doi:10.1038/175530a0. PMID 14370159.
8. Dale, H. H. (1955). "Edward Mellanby 1884-1955". Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society. 1: 192–126. doi:10.1098/rsbm.1955.0015. JSTOR 769252.
9. "Edward Mellanby". Lancet. 268 (6859): 359–360. 1955. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(55)90098-2. PMID 13234383.
10. Mellanby, E. (2009). "An Experimental Investigation on Rickets". Nutrition Reviews. 34 (11): 338–340. doi:10.1111/j.1753-4887.1976.tb05815.x. PMID 794773.
11. Harrison, D. C., & Mellanby, E. (1939). Phytic acid and the rickets-producing action of cereals. Biochemical Journal, 33(10), 1660–1680.1.
12. "Living With Phytic Acid - Weston A Price". Westonaprice.org. 26 March 2010. Retrieved 15 December 2015. Draws on work of Edward Mellanby on phytic acid.
13. Catharine M. C. Haines, ed. (2001). International Women in Science: A Biographical Dictionary to 1950. ABC-CLIO. pp. 209–10. ISBN 978-1-57607-090-1. Retrieved 13 October 2012.
14. "Library and Archive Catalogue". Royal Society. Retrieved 2 September 2010.
15. "Edward Mellanby". Lancet. 268 (6858): 309–310. 1955. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(55)90151-3. PMID 13234364.