Effects of Hurricane Sandy in New Jersey
Category 1 hurricane (SSHWS/NWS) | |
Satellite image of Sandy near landfall | |
Winds |
1-minute sustained: 80 mph (130 km/h) Gusts: 100 mph (155 km/h) |
---|---|
Fatalities | At least 37 total |
Damage |
$30 billion (2012 USD) (Estimated total economic loss[1]) |
Areas affected | New Jersey |
Part of the 2012 Atlantic hurricane season | |
Impact Other wikis |
The effects of Hurricane Sandy in New Jersey in 2012 were severe, with economic losses to businesses of up to $30 billion. Hurricane Sandy, the most intense storm of the 2012 Atlantic hurricane season, formed in the Caribbean Sea north of Panama on October 22, 2012. As it moved northward, the hurricane degenerated into a still-massive extratropical cyclone and made landfall on New Jersey on October 29.
Over two million households in the state lost power in the storm, 346,000 homes were damaged or destroyed,[2] and 37 people were killed. Storm surge and flooding affected a large swath of the state. Governor Chris Christie said the losses caused by Sandy were "going to be almost incalculable...The devastation on the Jersey Shore is probably going to be the worst we've ever seen."[3]
Preparations
In Cape May County, New Jersey, officials advised residents on barrier islands to evacuate on October 26, becoming a mandatory evacuation on October 28. There was also a voluntary evacuation for Mantoloking, Bay Head, Barnegat Light, Beach Haven, Harvey Cedars, Long Beach, Ship Bottom, and Stafford in Ocean County.[4][5][6] Jersey Central Power & Light told employees to be prepared for extended shifts. Most schools, colleges, and universities were closed October 29 and at least 509 out of 580 school districts were closed October 30.[7][8]
Governor Chris Christie issued mandatory evacuations for all barrier islands from Sandy Hook to Cape May, along with the closure of all Atlantic City casinos. Tolls were suspended on the northbound Garden State Parkway and the westbound Atlantic City Expressway starting at 6:00 a.m. on October 28.[9] President Obama signed an emergency declaration for New Jersey. The declaration allows the state to request federal funding and other assistance for actions taken prior to Sandy's landfall.[10]
On October 28, Hoboken mayor Dawn Zimmer ordered an evacuation of all basement and street level residential units, due to possible flooding.[11] Similarly, Jersey City mayor Jerramiah Healy ordered an evacuation of all basement and 1st-floor units east of Greene Street, south of Columbus Drive, and east of Washington Boulevard north of Columbus Drive.[12] On October 29, a mandatory evacuation was put in effect for residents in some parts of Logan Township.[13] On October 29, Sandy made landfall south of Atlantic City.[14]
Impact
While moving ashore at Atlantic City, Sandy dropped heavy rainfall that reached 11.62 in (295 mm) in Wildwood Crest. Its landfall was accompanied by high winds, and the highest recorded wind gust in the state was 90 mph (140 km/h) at a station just across the border from Staten Island, New York.[15]
On October 31, Governor Christie welcomed President Obama to see the areas along the Jersey Shore, which was severely damaged.[16] That same day, Christie signed an executive order postponing Halloween until November 5.[17]
On November 1, Governor Christie lifted mandatory evacuation orders in Atlantic and Cape May counties.[18]
It was announced on November 5 that the Coast Guard recovered 780,000 gallons (1,102,061 liters) of an oily mixture from Kinder Morgan's Perth Amboy terminal.[19] Around 7,700 gallons (29146 liters) of fuel spilled from Phillips 66's Bayway Refinery in Linden.[20]
New Jersey investigated many reports of price gouging.[21] As of December 19, the state had filed lawsuits against 24 businesses: 13 hotels and 11 gas stations.[22]
On average, New Jersey beaches were 30 to 40 feet (10–13 m) narrower after the hurricane.[23] More than 113,000 trees in the state were damaged or destroyed.[24]
Governor Christie's approval rating increased from 48 percent in October to 67 percent on November 21.[25]
On November 23, Governor Christie said cleaning up from Sandy would cost New Jersey about $29.4 billion.[26] On November 28, he revised the total to $36.8 billion.[27]
An analysis of aerial imagery conducted by the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) indicated that approximately 72,000 homes and business in New Jersey were damaged or destroyed by the storm, with over 40,000 of the buildings affected being in Ocean County. Based on this analysis, 507 buildings were destroyed, 5051 suffered major structural damage, and 66,212 incurred limited damage.[28] U.S. Congressman Chris Smith stated on January 2, 2013 that 346,000 homes in New Jersey were damaged by Sandy, of which 22,000 were rendered uninhabitable.[2]
Atlantic City casinos were closed for several days, leading to a 28 percent drop in revenue during the month of November. It was the biggest monthly drop in 34 years.[29]
Fatalities
On November 16, it was reported that a total of 37 people lost their lives statewide as a result of the storm.[30]
Jersey Shore
The Jersey Shore suffered the most severe winds and surf from Hurricane Sandy and the most damage from the storm. The Shore had the second highest flood in its history.
Mantoloking was especially hard hit, suffering severe "wash over" including the creation of two new, temporary inlets. Approximately two dozen oceanfront houses in Mantoloking were completely removed from their foundations and destroyed. The Belmar boardwalk was destroyed,[31] along with Perth Amboy's marina and waterfront.[32] Much of the Casino Pier in Seaside Heights and nearby Funtown Pier in Seaside Park collapsed into the ocean due to intense waves. Most of the rides in these amusement parks were destroyed, including roller coasters.[33]
Cape May County, including the resort city of Cape May at the southern tip of the state, was largely spared from damage, with only minor beach erosion and no loss of commercial or residential property.[34][35]
Barrier Islands
The seaside communities on Long Beach Island were among the hardest-hit. Scores of homes and business were destroyed and the storm surge deposited up to four feet of sand on island streets, making them impassable.[36] Governor Christie issued a mandatory evacuation on October 28, and residents and business owners were prohibited from returning until November 10. While no fatalities are thought to have occurred on LBI, preliminary estimates suggests between $750 million and $1 billion in damages on the island alone.[37]
After a week, angry residents on the island communities, like Seaside Heights and Lavallette, wanted to know when they could go back to their property.[38]
As of November 12, homeowners of Ortley Beach still had not been allowed onto the Barrier Island to check on their properties. Ortley Beach was declared "Ground Zero" because of the unbelievable amount of devastation.
Hudson Waterfront
Communities along the Hudson Waterfront were flooded by the storm surge through New York Bay and into the Hudson River. There were massive power outages in Bayonne, Jersey City, Hoboken, Weehawken, North Bergen, and Edgewater,[39] forcing the evacuation of patients from Palisades Medical Center.[40][41]
Half of Jersey City lost power, while large sections of the Downtown, including City Hall and the Jersey City Medical Center, flooded and had to be evacuated.[42] As high tide approached, the Hudson River overflowed the wall at Exchange Place. Around the same time, Liberty Harbor spilled into the southern part of Marin Boulevard. Both breaches caused water to rush down Columbus Drive and Marin Boulevard where they met near the Historic Downtown. From there, the flood spread throughout the low-lying areas of Jersey City. At approximately 10:30 PM EST, the water reached maximum height. In Paulus Hook, there were only a few intersections spared. Those included the rectangle of intersections from Greene/Montgomery through Warren/Morris with the exception of Warren/Montgomery, which only flooded about a foot. Power was lost several hours after Paulus Hook became an island, at around 9:30 PM EST on October 29.
Half the city of Hoboken was flooded and the city government evacuated two of its fire stations. Hoboken's mayor asked for National Guard help.[43] By late night October 30, an estimated 20,000 people were stranded in Hoboken, surrounded by water. The New Jersey National Guard was deployed and began assisting in rescues on October 31.
In Weehawken, the downtown neighborhood known as the Shades incurred terrible damage, with nearly every resident forced to temporarily relocate.[44]
The storm was ranked #5 on The Hudson Reporter's 2013 list of the 50 most influential people and entities in Hudson County.[45]
Other areas
In the early morning of October 30, authorities in Bergen County, New Jersey, were evacuating residents after a berm overflowed and flooded several communities. Jeanne Baratta, Chief of Staff for Bergen County Executive Kathleen Donovan, said there were up to 5 feet (1.5 m) of water in the streets of Moonachie and Little Ferry. The state Office of Emergency Management said rescues also were underway in Carlstadt.[46] Baratta said the three towns had been "devastated" by the flood of water.[47]
Sayreville, a community along the Raritan River, faced rising flood waters from the storm surge entering Raritan Bay, which forced the evacuation and rescue of dozens of residents by the Sayreville water rescue team.[48] The Oyster Creek Nuclear Generating Station in Lacey Township was placed on alert when storm waters around the plant rose six feet above normal.[49]
Fires that had destroyed about 14 homes October 29 in Mantoloking restarted in the early morning of October 31, possibly fueled by natural gas.[50]
In Morristown, sustained winds peaked at 40 mph (64 km/h) with gusts to 68 mph (107 km/h). Other peaks gusts include [51] 80 mph (125 km/h) in Clifton, 78 mph (125 km/h) in Newark, 74 mph (119 km/h) in Point Pleasant, and 61 mph (98 km/h) in Basking Ridge. Gusts along Long Beach Island peaked between 75-90 mph (120–144 km/h).[52] Many buildings and homes were damaged especially to siding and roof surfaces. Hundreds of thousands of trees were downed across the state, especially in Morris and Sussex Counties in the northern half. In downtown Morristown, New Jersey, the Morris County Courthouse had a portion of its roof blown off in high gusts.[53] In Edison, New Jersey, wind gusts near 86 mph knocked two large trees into each other, downing power lines that triggered explosions. The two trees slammed onto a resident's car, completely blowing out windows and smashing the trunk.
The rail operations center of New Jersey Transit was flooded by 8 feet (2.4 m) of water and an emergency generator was submerged. Floodwater damaged at least 65 locomotive engines and 257 rail cars. It was expected to be weeks before the resumption of service.[54]
The U.S. Coast Guard said 300,000 gallons (1,150,000 liters) of diesel fuel had been released from a northern New Jersey oil facility that had been closed due to Sandy. Shell Oil and Saudi Refining said the spill occurred at their Sewaren, New Jersey facility, along the Arthur Kill, the tidal waterway separating New Jersey from Staten Island, New York.[55]
The storm damaged the pier to the Three Forts Ferry Crossing at Fort Mott. With uncertainty on when the state would repair the pier, the ferry was rerouted to Barber's Basin in Salem and renamed the Delaware City–Salem Ferry starting in 2013.[56] The ferry returned to Fort Mott in 2015 and is now called the Forts Ferry Crossing.[57]
Basking Ridge New Jersey and the Somerset Hills area suffered numerous downed trees, downed power lines and road closures lasting for up to 2 weeks.
Adding to nerves, worries, downed trees, and power outages, a magnitude 2.0 earthquake struck at 1:19 a.m. EDT November 5 and was centered in Ringwood.[58]
Power outages
Christie said on the morning of October 30 that some 2.4 million households in the state were without power.[59] No timetable was given on the restoration of power to these customers,[60] although some estimates mentioned a week would be needed before a full assessment of damage could be made.[61]
As of the morning of November 2, 1.6 million customers were still without power, down from 2.7 million.[62] As of November 3, 31 percent of homes and businesses in the state did not have electricity.[63]
As of the morning of November 5, reported customers in the state without electricity were:
- Jersey Central Power & Light: 382,000
- Public Service Electric & Gas: 375,000
- Atlantic City Electric: 606
- Rockland Electric Company: 19,224[64]
As of the morning of November 6, more than 582,000 homes and businesses in the state still did not have power:[65]
- Public Service Electric & Gas: 310,000 remain without service
- Jersey Central Power & Light: 257,884 outages, mainly in Monmouth and Morris counties
- Orange & Rockland: 13,913 remain without service
- Atlantic City Electric: 227, mostly in Atlantic County
As of the morning of November 7, winds from a nor'easter delayed restoration of electricity. Federal safety rules prevent line crews working in bucket trucks when winds are greater than 40 mph. About 396,000 homes and businesses remained without service.[66]
- Public Service Electric & Gas: 190,400 remain without service.
- Jersey Central Power & Light: 190,278 remain without service mainly in Monmouth and Morris counties
- Orange & Rockland: 10,744 remain without service.
- Atlantic City Electric: 4,488 remain without service.
As of 6 a.m. EST November 9, about 265,000 homes and businesses were without power in the state because of Sandy and the subsequent nor'easter.[67]
Transportation
As of early morning October 31, nearly 3,000 flights had been cancelled. Newark Liberty Airport reopened in the afternoon of October 31. Teterboro Airport remained closed until November 1.[68][69] New Jersey Transit was shut down in its entirety. Rail service was partly restored on Nov 1. PATH services were also shut down.
Aftermath
Transportation
Starting November 1, New Jersey Transit restored bus service on 68 bus routes in northern and central New Jersey and 18 bus routes in southern New Jersey, providing service over the entire routes with no detours or truncations. Partial service was scheduled to be restored on 58 bus routes in northern and central New Jersey and 17 routes in southern New Jersey, to operate with detours or truncations due to the impact from Hurricane Sandy.[70]
On November 1, it was announced the state would receive $10 million in emergency transportation funding to help repair roads and bridges.[71]
On November 2, NJ Transit began to run very limited service to Penn Station. Trains on the Northeast Corridor Line, North Jersey Coast Line, and Raritan Valley Line all ran some trains to Manhattan.[72]
By November 4, NJ Transit was running limited service on the Main Line and the Metro-North Port Jervis Line, making all local stops and terminating at Secaucus Junction. The Port Jervis trains ran on the Main Line only; the Bergen County Line remained closed until further notice. The Raritan Valley Line operated only between Raritan and Newark. Although the modified Northeast Corridor service continued operating, the Princeton Branch shuttle remained out of service. Further south, the Atlantic City Line resumed operating normal service.[73] The North Jersey Coast Line also resumed operating on November 4 only as far as Woodbridge (and skipping Avenel); however, after one day, this service was discontinued due to severe overcrowding, and NJCL passengers were directed instead to Metropark station.[74]
The Southeastern Pennsylvania Transportation Authority (SEPTA) loaned 31 buses to NJ Transit to support shuttle service for New Jersey commuters going to New York City.[75]
As on November 6, part of PATH rail service to and from Midtown Manhattan resumed.[76]
PATH train service between Manhattan and the Newark Penn and Harrison stations resumed in full on November 12.[77]
Daytime PATH train service was scheduled to be restored to the World Trade Center station starting Monday, November 25 at 5 a.m EST.[78]
On January 28, 2013, PATH trains resumed overnight between Newark and the World Trade Center.[79]
On January 30, 2013, full PATH train service between Hoboken and the World Trade Center resumed.[80]
On February 1, 2013, Route 35 through Mantoloking was fully reopened after being closed since October 29, 2012 from damage from Hurricane Sandy.[81]
Gasoline shortage
In the aftermath of the storm, many gas stations were closed and people lined up for hours to get gasoline.[82] According to American Automobile Association on November 2, about 60% of the gas stations in New Jersey were closed.[83] On the night of November 2, Governor Christie took action to prevent a fuel shortage and ease the problem of extended wait times and lines at gas stations by signing Executive Order 108, declaring a limited state of energy emergency with regard to the supply of motor fuel and implementing odd-even rationing for gasoline purchases in 12 New Jersey counties. Odd-even fuel sales took effect in the following counties at noon on November 3: Bergen, Essex, Hudson, Hunterdon, Middlesex, Morris, Monmouth, Passaic, Somerset, Sussex, Union, and Warren counties.[84] This ended at 6 a.m. EST November 13.[85]
Relief efforts
Time Warner Cable donated $500,000 to the Mayor's Fund to Advance New York City, and $50,000 each to the Red Cross of Northeastern New York and the Red Cross of Northern New Jersey. They also sent out vehicles with mobile charging stations and free WiFi access points, and opened all its WiFi spots in the city.[86]
About 300 Marines from the 26th Marine Expeditionary Unit based out of Camp Lejeune, North Carolina landed in New Jersey and joined rescue, relief, and cleanup efforts.[87]
The Massachusetts federally-owned TS Kennedy was sent to Elizabeth, New Jersey on November 4. The ship served as a "hotel" for emergency workers, power crews, and others helping the area.[88]
FEMA stated that, as of November 4, $31 million in federal aid was approved for residents of New Jersey.[89]
Election Day
Because of the storm, New Jersey allowed electronic voting on Election Day on November 6. Election officials were overwhelmed with requests and many votes were not counted.[90]
Voter turnout in the election was 67 percent, which was the lowest turnout for a presidential election in the state's history. Monmouth County suffered the largest decline in turnout, at 9.2 percent.[91]
Following nor'easter
Immediately after Sandy made landfall, forecasters were already discussing the possibility of a nor'easter directly impacting New Jersey during the following week.[92] In preparation for the storm, some residents of the state's coastal areas were evacuated once again due to the threat of high winds, flooding, and storm surge of up to three feet; although these conditions were not expected to be anywhere near as intense as Sandy.[93] The storm hit New Jersey on November 7, a little more than a week after Sandy's landfall. Much of the state experienced wet snow which weighed down power lines and caused tree limbs to snap, significantly adding on to the existing power outages throughout the state. Additionally, some areas experienced 60 mph wind gusts, although storm surge turned out to be minimal.[94]
Long term aftermath
As of April 2013, many houses on Mantoloking remained damaged, although the post office was reopened and about 40 residents were able to move back by April 2013. By that time, about 39,000 families statewide were still unable to return to their homes, down from 161,000 after Sandy struck. Towns had to borrow money to pay for power restoration and police and fire workers before the federal government compensated them. There were new regulations on how high new homes had to be rebuilt to prevent future flooding. Boardwalks were rebuilt and beaches were restored, the latter due to a combination of natural processes and bulldozers.[95] The roller coaster at Casino Pier in Seaside Heights was demolished on May 14, 2013, after sitting in the ocean for nearly six months. As of the 2016 summer, many oceanfront homes in Mantoloking had been rebuilt, while a stretch of several blocks had empty lots where homes once stood near the Mantoloking Bridge. The bridge itself, partially destroyed in the storm, had been rebuilt after the bay and ocean had met during the storm.[96]
See also
References
- ↑ Ed Beeson and Tom De Poto (November 1, 2012). "Price tag of Sandy's damage to N.J. businesses could reach $30B". The Star-Ledger. New Jersey On-Line. Retrieved November 1, 2012.
- 1 2 Chris Smith (New Jersey politician) (January 2, 2013). "Floor statement on Sandy supplemental" (PDF). United States House of Representatives.
- ↑ "Christie: Damage costs 'almost incalculable' but 'New Jersey's a tough place'". The Bergen Record. Retrieved October 30, 2012.
- ↑ Staff (October 27, 2012). "Ocean County towns issue voluntary evacuations". Asbury Park Press. Retrieved October 27, 2012.
- ↑ "Shore towns issue voluntary evac orders". ABC7. October 26, 2012. Retrieved October 26, 2012.
- ↑ Denise Di Stephan (October 26, 2012). "Bay Head and Mantoloking Advising Voluntary Evacuations. Mantoloking police department urging residents to leave ahead of Sandy". Point Pleasant Patch. Retrieved October 27, 2012.
- ↑ "Eastern utilities brace for expected super storm". The Washington Examiner. Retrieved 26 October 2012.
- ↑ "Sandy makes landfall near Atlantic City; 348K N.J. homes without power". NewsWorks. October 29, 2012. Retrieved October 29, 2012.
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- ↑ "President signs emergency declaration for NJ". Newsday. Retrieved 29 October 2012.
- ↑ "Hoboken mayor announces evacuation of all basements and street-level residences". NewJersey.com. Retrieved 29 October 2012.
- ↑ "Jersey City mayor orders mandatory evacuation for some residents in coastal areas". NewJersey.com. Retrieved 28 October 2012.
- ↑ Hurricane Sandy: Portions of Logan Township issued evacuation order
- ↑ Kunkle, Fredrick; Vozzella, Laura; Borden, Jeremy (29 October 2012). "Sandy slams into NJ". Washington Post.
- ↑ Daniel Petersen (October 30, 2012). Post-Tropical Cyclone Sandy Advisory Number 32 (Report). Hydrometeorological Prediction Center. Retrieved October 30, 2012.
- ↑ "Hurricane Sandy: U.S. East Coast faces challenge of rebuilding: 'I lost everything'". Toronto: TheStar.com. October 31, 2012. Retrieved 31 October 2012.
- ↑ "New Jersey Halloween Moved To Next Monday: Christie". Wpopular. Retrieved 1 November 2012.
- ↑ "Gov. Christie lifts mandatory evacuation for parts of Atlantic, Cape May counties". NJ.com. Retrieved 2 November 2012.
- ↑ "US COAST GUARD: RECOVERED 780,000 GALLONS OF OILY". Chicago Tribune. Retrieved 5 November 2012.
- ↑ "Phillips 66 Bayway refinery leaks 7,700 gallons oil- Coast Guard". Reuters. November 5, 2012. Retrieved 5 November 2012.
- ↑ "New Jersey investigating reports of price gouging". NBC News. Retrieved 1 November 2012.
- ↑ Pizzi, Jenna. "New Jersey accuses six more businesses of post-Hurricane Sandy price gouging". nj.com. December 19, 2012. Retrieved December 19, 2012.
- ↑ "Study: New Jersey Beaches 30-40 Feet Narrower After Superstorm Sandy". insurancejournal.com. November 21, 2012. Retrieved November 21, 2012.
- ↑ Fitzgerald, Jim. "Sandy Uprooted Trees by the Thousands in NY, NJ". abcnews.go.com. November 17, 2012. Retrieved November 21, 2012.
- ↑ "After Sandy, a surge of support for New Jersey's Christie". reuters.com. November 21, 2012. Retrieved November 21, 2012.
- ↑ "Gov. Christie: Sandy Cleanup to Cost New Jersey $29.4 Billion". WNBC TV. Retrieved 24 November 2012.
- ↑ Dopp, Terrence. "Christie Says New Jersey Sandy Damage Now $36.8 Billion". businessweek.com. November 28, 2012. Retrieved November 29, 2012.
- ↑ Eric Sagara (November 18, 2012). "Hurricane Sandy's destruction: Aerial assessment shows nearly 72K buildings damaged in N.J.". Star Ledger.
- ↑ Parry, Wayne. "Sandy causes record drop in NJ casino revenues". katv.com. December 10, 2012. Retrieved December 12, 2012.
- ↑ Osterman, Cynthia (November 16, 2012). "Factbox: Storm Sandy blamed for at least 132 deaths in U.S., Canada". Reuters.
- ↑ "Belmar's boardwalk destroyed by Hurricane Sandy". The Newark Star-Ledger. Retrieved October 30, 2012.
- ↑ "Fire Chief: Perth Amboy waterfont devastated; marina destroyed". The Newark Star-Ledger. Retrieved October 30, 2012.
- ↑ Zezima, Katie. "Storm washes away much of 'Jersey Shore' town". wday.com. November 1, 2012. Retrieved November 1, 2012.
- ↑ "Cape May Breathes Sigh Of Relief In Sandy's Aftermath « CBS Philly". Philadelphia.cbslocal.com. 2012-10-30. Retrieved 2013-02-10.
- ↑ Central PA. "Cape May, N.J.: Quaint town was largely spared from Hurricane Sandy damage". PennLive.com. Retrieved 2013-02-10.
- ↑ Hutchins, Ryan (October 31, 2012). "Extensive damage from Sandy litters Long Beach Island". The Star-Ledger. Newark, NJ. Retrieved October 31, 2012.
- ↑ Lassonde, Victoria (2 November 2012). "Long Beach Island Damage Could Reach $1 Billion, Mayor Says". The Sandpaper. Retrieved 10 November 2012.
- ↑ "Angered residents of N.J.'s barrier islands want to know: When can they return?". NJ1. Retrieved 6 November 2012.
- ↑ "Hurricane Sandy: Hudson county flooding, evacuations, power outages and more -- latest updates". The Jersey Journal. Retrieved October 30, 2012.
- ↑ "Palisades Medical Center under evacuation after two generators fail". The Jersey Journal. Retrieved October 30, 2012.
- ↑ "Power problems cause closure of North Jersey hospital". Associated Press. Retrieved October 30, 2012.
- ↑ "Fire Chief: Chaos in Jersey City as flood waters rise, officials investigate reports of building collapses". The Newark Star-Ledger. Retrieved October 30, 2012.
- ↑ "Superstorm Sandy Slams into New Jersey Coast". Associated Press. Retrieved 30 October 2012.
- ↑ Year in Review: The Hudson Reporter. December 30, 2012. p. 18
- ↑ Cruz, Vanessa; DeChiaro, Dean; Rambay Fernandez, Adriana; Palasciano, Amanda; Sullivan, Al; Wright, E. Assata (January 13, 2013). "Power Surge". The Union City Reporter. pp. 1, 5-7, 10.
- ↑ "Bergen Co. Police: Possible levee breach could mean 1,000 in need of rescue, some from roofs of homes". CNN. October 30, 2012. Retrieved 30 October 2012.
- ↑ "Levee breaks in Northern New Jersey, floods three towns". Reuters. October 30, 2012. Retrieved 30 October 2012.
- ↑ "Hurricane Sandy leaves N.J., but destruction, questions remain". The Newark Star-Ledger. Retrieved October 30, 2012.
- ↑ "New Jersey nuclear plant on alert". Politico. Retrieved October 30, 2012.
- ↑ "Fire That Destroyed NJ Shore Homes Rekindled". ABC News. Retrieved 31 October 2012.
- ↑ "Sandy's final numbers include 94 mph winds, two feet of snow – Fox 2 News Headlines". Myfoxdetroit.com. 2012-10-31. Retrieved 2012-11-24.
- ↑ "Hurricane Sandy dispatches from North Jersey". Cliffviewpilot.com. 2012-10-29. Retrieved 2012-11-24.
- ↑ Francis P. Alai says: (2012-10-29). "Roof blows off Morris County Courthouse". Morristown Green. Retrieved 2012-11-24.
- ↑ "Sandy pummels West Virginia as grueling recovery begins on East Coast". CNN. November 1, 2012. Retrieved 31 October 2012.
- ↑ "Oil Spill in NJ". The Daily Beast. Retrieved 1 November 2012.
- ↑ Gallo Jr., Bill (April 17, 2013). "Passenger ferry service to link Salem City with 2 historic Delaware sites". South Jersey Times. Retrieved 2013-07-22.
- ↑ "Delaware City – Salem Ferry Changes Name to Forts Ferry Crossing" (PDF). Delaware River and Bay Authority. March 13, 2015. Retrieved June 1, 2016.
- ↑ "Small earthquake rattles storm-stricken New Jersey". NBC. Retrieved 5 November 2012.
- ↑ Governor Christie on FOX & Friends Provides Update on Hurricane Sandy (YouTube video)
- ↑ "Electricity not likely to come back soon for NJ". The Newark Star-Ledger. Retrieved October 30, 2012.
- ↑ "Sandy's assault on NJ leaves 3 dead, 2 million in the dark, and forces rescues, evacuations". The Bergen Record. Retrieved October 30, 2012.
- ↑ "A STATE-BY-STATE LOOK AT SUPERSTORM'S EFFECTS". Associated Press. Retrieved 2 November 2012.
- ↑ "Sandy's Blackouts Fall to 2.5 Million With New Jersey Worst Off". businessweek.com. November 4, 2012. Retrieved November 4, 2012.
- ↑ "In the wake of Sandy, 775K in New Jersey still in the dark even as recovery continues". NJ1. Retrieved 5 November 2012.
- ↑ "582K customers in N.J. remain without electricity". NJ1. Retrieved 6 November 2012.
- ↑ "Nearly 400K in N.J. still without power as new storm closes in". NJ1. Retrieved 7 November 2012.
- ↑ "Power outages continue to plague N.J. in wake of Sandy, nor'easter". NJ1. Retrieved 9 November 2012.
- ↑ "Superstorm Sandy: nearly 3,000 flights cancelled today". London: The Telegraph. October 31, 2012. Retrieved 31 October 2012.
- ↑ Live updates: Sandy Wass Street Journal, Nov 1, 2011
- ↑ "Limited MTA Subway service to resume". WABC TV New York. Retrieved 1 November 2012.
- ↑ "N.J. to get $10M in emergency relief to repair roads, bridges in wake of Sandy". NJ.com. Retrieved 2 November 2012.
- ↑ "Limited NJ Transit rail service to resume". WABC TV. Retrieved 2 November 2012.
- ↑ "Christie Administration Announces NJ TRANSIT to Resume Service on Four Rail Lines Sunday Morning". njtransit.com. NJ TRANSIT.
- ↑ @NJ_TRANSIT. "Due to overcrowding, #NJCL service is temp suspended & Woodbridge customers should utilize Metropark for service to/from Newark & NY". New Jersey Transit on Twitter. Retrieved 5 November 2012.
- ↑ "A state-by-state look at superstorm's effects". Bloomberg Businessweek. Retrieved 5 November 2012.
- ↑ "PATH service to Midtown Manhattan returns Tuesday". NJ1. Retrieved 6 November 2012.
- ↑ "Additional PATH train service resuming Monday". WABC TV. Retrieved 11 November 2012.
- ↑ "Bloomberg Announces Grant Program For Sandy-Affected Small Businesses". NY1. Retrieved 24 November 2012.
- ↑ "Overnight PATH Service Resumes Between Newark, WTC". NY1. Retrieved 28 January 2013.
- ↑ "Hoboken-World Trade Center PATH service to resume". WNYW. Retrieved 30 January 2013.
- ↑ "Route 35 Through Hurricane-Ravaged Mantoloking To Fully Reopen Friday". CBS News New York. Retrieved 1 February 2013.
- ↑ Halbfinger, David M. "New Jersey Reels From Storm's Thrashing". nytimes.com. October 31, 2012. Retrieved November 1, 2012.
- ↑ "Post-Sandy misery: Power out, toilets clogged, temperatures falling". latimes.com. November 2, 2012. Retrieved November 3, 2012.
- ↑ "Odd-even gas rationing for 12 NJ counties". WABC TV. Retrieved 3 November 2012.
- ↑ "New Jersey to end odd-even gas rationing in 12 counties at 6 a.m. Tuesday". SFGate. Retrieved 12 November 2012.
- ↑ "TWC Donates $600K To Relief Efforts, Rolls Out Charging Stations". NY1. Retrieved 2 November 2012.
- ↑ "Storm Aftermath: Live Updates". New York Times. October 28, 2012. Retrieved 2 November 2012.
- ↑ "A STATE-BY-STATE LOOK AT SUPERSTORM'S EFFECTS". Associated Press. Retrieved 3 November 2012.
- ↑ Johnson, Danielle. "2 FEMA Centers Open to NJ Sandy Victims". nbcphiladelphia.com. November 4, 2012. Retrieved November 4, 2012.
- ↑ Curry, Colleen. "Email Voting for N.J. Storm Victims Failed, Votes Not Counted Tuesday". abcnews.go.com. November 7, 2012. Retrieved November 7, 2012.
- ↑ Symons, Michael. "Another Sandy casualty: N.J. voter turnout". dailyrecord.com. December 10, 2012. Retrieved December 12, 2012.
- ↑ "NOR'EASTER THREATENS WEATHER-WEARY NJ, NY". Associated Press. Retrieved 5 November 2012.
- ↑ "Nor'easter Evacuations for Some New York, New Jersey Residents". ABC News. Retrieved 7 November 2012.
- ↑ "Nor'easter brings more wind, water to storm-battered East Coast". Fox News. Associated Press. 2012-11-08. Retrieved 2011-11-08.
- ↑ Wayne Parry (2013-04-27). "6 Months After Sandy, Thousands Homeless in NY, NJ". ABC News. Associated Press. Retrieved 2013-04-27.
- ↑ "Iconic Seaside Heights roller coaster torn down". Darkroom.baltimoresun.com. Retrieved 2013-05-20.
External links
- National Hurricane Center advisories (FEMA Hurricane Sandy Timeline)
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