Else Hirsch
Else Hirsch (29 July 1889 – 1942 or 1943) was a Jewish teacher in Bochum, Germany and a member of the German Resistance against the Third Reich. She organized transports of Jewish children to the Netherlands and England, saving them from Nazi deportation to concentration camps and death. Hirsch perished in the Riga Ghetto, at the age of 53 or 54.
Biography
Born in Bützow, Schwerin, Hirsch came from Berlin to Bochum at the end of 1926 and lived with her mother. She had taken her teaching exam to qualify as a teacher of older children, but was unemployed and was assigned (and required) to teach at the Jewish school. She was initially less than pleased with this, but soon threw herself into her work.[1] In her free time, Hirsch worked at the Bochum Jewish Women's Club and gave Hebrew lessons to girls, until these activities were denied her by the Nazis in autumn 1933.[1][2]
In October 1937, she took a course in English at the Reichsvertretung der Deutschen Juden in Berlin in order to be able to give English lessons to those who might be able to emigrate. She travelled to Palestine in June 1938, probably to contact the Youth Aliyah.[2]
On 11 November 1938, Reichskristallnacht, the Bochum synagogue was burned down.[3] The Jewish school was also destroyed by the SA. Afterward, all of the official representatives of the Jewish community were deported. Hirsch fought to have the Jewish school reopened, but it stayed open only for a short while.[1] Hirsch began to organize transports for children and adolescents in arrangement with the Jewish Reichsvertretung. Between December 1938 and August 1939, she organized ten children's transports to the Netherlands and England.[1][2] Hirsch took care of all the travel preparations, filling out lengthy forms, registering the children, gathering required documents, sending papers to London, securing exit visas, reserving seating on the trains, buying the tickets and staying in close touch with the parents.[1]
She stayed with the remaining pupils as the only Jewish teacher until the school was closed in September 1941. Emigration for Jews was prohibited after 1941.[1][2] In late January 1942, Hirsch and some of her pupils were deported into the Riga Ghetto. A surviving pupil reports that for a short while, she continued to teach children. She also organized meals for weakened people and the elderly.[2] The last time when the surviving student saw her, she was collecting nettles and dandelion leaves to cook as a vegetable for the seniors.[1] Hirsch was deported to the Riga Ghetto, where she was killed in 1942 or 1943.[1]
Quote
Hirsch wrote in the poetry album of a pupil, "Judge not the worth of men / after just one peep / Up above are but ripples / to probe, one must dig deep."[1]
Legacy
Streets in Bochum and Bad Lausick are named after her.[4][5]
There is a stolperstein for Hirsch (see photo) at Huestraße 28 in Bochum, where she taught from 1927 to 1941.[6]
See also
References
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Biography of Else Hirsch. City of Bochum official website. Retrieved 24 April 2010 (German)
- 1 2 3 4 5 Karin Finkbohner, Betti Helbing, Carola Horn, Anita Krämer, Astrid Schmidt-Ritter, Kathy Vowe. Wider das Vergessen — Widerstand und Verfolgung Bochumer Frauen und Zwangsarbeiterinnen 1933 – 1945, pgs. 62-63. Europäischer Universitätsverlag; ISBN 978-3-932329-62-3 (German)
- ↑ "Bochum, Germany - New synagogue Inaugurated Nearly 70 Years After Kristallnacht". The Voice of the Orthodox Jewish Community (16 December 2007). Retrieved 24 April 2010
- ↑ Map link to Else-Hirsch-Straße, 44789 Bochum, Germany Google Maps. Retrieved 24 April 2010
- ↑ Map link to Else-Hirsch-Straße, 04651 Bad Lausick, Germany Google Maps. Retrieved 24 April 2010
- ↑ Stolperstein for Else Hirsch, with photo. Genealogy Wiki. Retrieved 24 April 2010 (German)
External links
- "Gedenkveranstaltung zum 65. Jahrestag der Pogromnacht" City of Bochum. Retrieved 24 April 2010 (German)