Ericksonella

Ericksonella
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Plantae
(unranked): Angiosperms
(unranked): Monocots
Order: Asparagales
Family: Orchidaceae
Subfamily: Orchidoideae
Tribe: Diurideae
Subtribe: Caladeniinae
Genus: Ericksonella
Hopper & A.P.Br.
Species: E. saccharata
Binomial name
Ericksonella saccharata
(Rchb.f.) Hopper & A.P.Br.[1]

Ericksonella saccharata, commonly known as sugar orchid, is the only species in the flowering plant genus Ericksonella in the orchid family, Orchidaceae and is endemic to the south-west of Western Australia. It has a single leaf and a single flower with three white sepals and two similar petals. The sugar orchid is similar to some in the genus Caladenia but has hairs on the back of its sepals and petals.

Description

Ericksonella saccharata is a terrestrial, perennial, deciduous, sympodial herb with a roughly spherical, white, fleshy tuber surrounded in its upper half by a fibrous sheath. Each year a replacement tuber is flormed on the end of a short, root-like stolon. There is a single, narrow linear-shaped leaf rising from the base of the plant. The leaf is pale yellowish green on both sides, hairy, 4–8 cm (2–3 in) long, 2–3 mm (0.08–0.1 in) wide and usually has irregular reddish-purple blotched near the base.[2][3]

There a single resupinate flower on the end of a hairy, wiry stem 5–15 cm (2–6 in) high. The flower is 2–3 cm (0.8–1 in) long and 2–3 cm (0.8–1 in) wide on a stalk less than 1 cm (0.4 in) long and has a strong, musky cinnamon scent but does not have any nectar. The two lateral sepals are about the same size and shape as the two petals and are white, 10–15 mm (0.4–0.6 in) long, 3–4 cm (1–2 in) wide and curve slightly forwards. The dorsal sepal is slightly narrower than the lateral ones and the sides of the top half are curved inwards or "pinched". The sepals and petals have dark-coloured glandular hairs on their back surface. As is usual in orchids, one petal is highly modified as the central labellum. The labellum is glabrous, divided into three parts, roughly circular when flattened, with the lateral lobes erect cream-coloured with obvious parallel purple lines and irregular purple blotches. The central part has smooth yellow calli in two rows. The sexual parts of the flower are fused to the column which is narrow, curved forwards and has two translucent wings. Flowering occurs from August to September and the fruit which follows is a non-fleshy, glabrous, dehiscent capsule containing a large number of seeds. This orchid is very similar to some in the genus Caladenia but is distinguished from them by the hairs on the back of the sepals and petals and the transverse parallel lines on the labellum.[2][3]

Taxonomy and naming

This orchid was first formally described in 1871 by Heinrich Gustav Reichenbach who gave it the name Caladenia saccharata and published the description in Beitrage zur Systematischen Pflanzenkunde.[4][5] In 2004, Stephen Hopper and Andrew Brown described the genus Ericksonella and included this species in the new genus.[2][6]

The genus name "Ericksonella" honours Rica Erickson, botanist, author and artist.[2] The specific epithet "saccharata" is derived from the Latin word saccharum meaning "sugar".[7]

Distribution and habitat

Ericksonella saccharata grows in a range of soils and habitats including sand and clay loam, in shrubland near salt lakes, woodland and sheoak thickets around granite outcrops. It occurs from near Paynes Find to Israelite Bay and inland as far as Coolgardie and Norseman in the Avon Wheatbelt, Coolgardie, Esperance Plains, Jarrah Forest, Mallee and Yalgoo biogeographic regions.[8]

Conservation

Sugar orchid is classified as "Not Threatened" by the Western Australian Government Department of Parks and Wildlife.[8]

References

  1. ↑ "Ericksonella". World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (WCSP). Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Retrieved 29 June 2016.
  2. 1 2 3 4 Hopper, Stephen D.; Brown, Andrew P. (2004). "Robert Brown's Caladenia revisited, including a revision of its sister genera Cyanicula, Ericksonella and Pheladenia (Caladeniinae: Orchidaceae)". Australian Systematic Botany. 17 (2): 208–210. doi:10.1071/SB03002.
  3. 1 2 Hoffman, Noel; Brown, Andrew (2011). Orchids of South-West Australia. (3rd ed.). Gooseberry Hill: Noel Hoffman. pp. 216–218. ISBN 9780646562322.
  4. ↑ "Caladenia saccharata". APNI. Retrieved 29 June 2016.
  5. ↑ Reichenbach, Heinrich Gustav (1871). Beitrage zur Systematischen Pfanzenkunde. Hamburg. p. 63. Retrieved 29 June 2016.
  6. ↑ "Ericksonella saccharata". APNI. Retrieved 29 June 2016.
  7. ↑ Brown, Roland Wilbur (1956). The Composition of Scientific Words. Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution Press. p. 769.
  8. 1 2 "Ericksonella saccharata". FloraBase. Western Australian Government Department of Parks and Wildlife.
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