Ezio (Gluck)

Ezio is a baroque opera in three acts composed by Christoph Willibald Gluck, staged in 1750 and revised in 1763.

History

Metastasio's libretto for this opera had previously been set by a number of composers, including Nicola Porpora (1728)[1] and Pietro Auletta (1728), Hasse (Naples, 1730; Dresden, 1755), Handel (London, 1732) and Latilla (Naples, 1758).

Ezio was first performed during Carnival in Prague (1750); Gluck revised his setting for Vienna (1763). Unlike the two completely different settings of the text by Mysliveček, Naples (1775) and Munich (1777), Gluck's two versions share about half their music.[2][3]

Roles

Synopsis

Time: 453 AD as the Christian general Aetius has just defeated Attila the Hun.
Ancient Rome

After many plot turns,[4] at the end Ezio saves the emperor from the plot of Massimo, who is arrested but spared. In gratitude Valentiniano allows Fulvia and Ezio to marry.

The Prague Ezio 1750

The original Ezio, a full-blown opera seria with no trace of the Gluck "reform" to come, was premiered at impresario Giovanni Battista Locatelli's theatre on v Kotcích Street (German "Kotzentheater", Czech "Divadlo v Kotcích") and ran for two seasons.

The Vienna Ezio 1763

Gluck, as Handel and Vivaldi before him and all composers of his time, naturally recycled the "numbers" (arias and choruses) from older operas, rewriting the connecting recitative as necessary. In 1763 he reused nearly half of the 25 musical numbers from the Prague Ezio of 13 years earlier, avoiding material like "Se povero il ruscello" from the Prague Ezio which he had already used at the Vienna Burgtheater the previous year in the Vienna Orfeo as "Che puro ciel," and Gluck filled up the rest with 7 arias from Il trionfo di Clelia, which was also unknown to Viennese audiences. Recycling the arias from the Prague Ezio and Il trionfo di Clelia still required Gluck to transpose and adjust for the new singers, and reorchestrate for a bigger orchestra. Gluck also trimmed the opera by shortening the overture and cutting repeats. Ezio was sung by Gaetano Guadagni, Valentiniano by Giovanni Toschi, Massimo by Giuseppe Tibaldi, and Fulvia by Rosa Tibaldi.

Recordings

Current Location

The manuscript is now located at the Lobkowicz Palace in Prague, Czech Republic, where it can be viewed in the Beethoven Room.

References

Notes
  1. ↑ "Con che soavità: studies in Italian opera, song, and dance, 1580–1740", Iain Fenlon, Tim Carter, Nigel Fortune p. 269
  2. ↑ Howard, p. 98
  3. ↑ Buschmeier, "Gluck in Wien" (item 81), pp. 85-88
  4. ↑ http://www.parnassus.at/uploads/tx_artistsdb/Broschuere_EZIO_EN_05_04_2013_WEB.pdf
Sources
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