Fatbike

Fatbike being ridden over the snow
Sun Spider AT fat tire bicycle, featuring 26 by 4 inches (66 cm × 10 cm) tires, aluminum frame, and a 2-speed hub, is on display at the Carnegie Science Center in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.
Fatbike in Mexico

A fatbike (also called fat bike or fat-tire bike) is an off-road bicycle with oversized tires, typically 3.8 in (97 mm) or larger and rims 2.6 in (66 mm) or wider, designed for low ground pressure to allow riding on soft unstable terrain, such as snow, sand, bogs and mud.[1] Fatbikes are built around frames with wide forks and stays to accommodate the wide rims required to fit these tires. The wide tires can be used with inflation pressures as low as 340 hPa (5 psi) to allow for a smooth ride over rough obstacles. A rating of 550–690 hPa (8–10 psi) is suitable for the majority of riders.[2]

Terminology

Fatbikes are also called "fat bikes", or "snow bikes".[3] The sport is sometimes referred to as "fatbiking"

Usage

Fatbikes were invented for use in snow and sand,[1] but are capable of traversing diverse terrain types including snow, sand, desert, bogs, mud, pavement, or traditional mountain biking trails.[4] In several states and provinces, fatbike-dedicated groomed winter trails have been created.[5]

Development

Picture from series "Strange but True!", placed by Currys Ltd in the cycling press, before 1932

Although early versions of fat-tired bikes were probably built on a limited basis as long ago as the early 1900s, the first modern versions were not developed until the 1980s. An early example is the custom three-wheeled in-line longtail-style bike with fat tires, designed by French cyclist Jean Naud in 1980 for desert travel. He rode it from Zinder in Niger to Tamanrasset in Algeria, and later rode a similar bike in 1986 across the Sahara using fat tire prototypes from Michelin.[6]

In the late 1980s, Alaskan frame builders began experimenting with custom components and configurations designed to achieve a large contact patch of tire on snow. Steve Baker, with Icycle Bicycles in Anchorage, was welding together two rims and even three rims and built several special frames and forks that could accommodate two or three tires together. In 1989, Dan Bull, Mark Frise, Roger Cowels and Les Matz, rode the 1,000-mile (1,600 km) length of the Iditarod trail.[7]

Simultaneously, in New Mexico, Ray Molina had commissioned Remolino 3.1 in (79 mm) rims, 3.5 in (89 mm) tires, and frames to fit them. He wanted the bikes for his guided tour business in the soft sands of the Mexican and Southwest arroyos and dunes. Mark Gronewald, owner of Wildfire Designs Bicycles in Palmer, Alaska met Molina at the 1999 Interbike convention in Las Vegas and rode one of Molina's prototypes at demo days. In late 1999, Gronewald and another Alaskan frame builder, John Evingson, collaborated to design and build several bikes using Molina’s rims and tires. Gronewald and Evingson then began producing their own separate lines of fat-tired bikes in 2000. Rims and tires were imported to Alaska where Wildfire and Evingson began making small, handmade production runs and custom-ordered frames built around Remolino 80 mm (3.1 in) rims and 3.5-inch (89 mm) tires. Gronewald coined the trademark "Fat Bike" in 2001 and used it as the model name for his bikes. Gronewald originally worked with Palmer Machinery for welding and later contracted frame building to Mike DeSalvo at DeSalvo Cyles of Ashland, Oregon. Gronewald continued to sell his original fatbikes until 2011. Gronewald's design featured an 18 mm (0.71 in) offset wheel and frame built to allow full range gearing, since he was using standard hubs and bottom brackets available at the time.

Wildfire and Evingson bikes were used in the Iditarod Trail races beginning in 2000. Also that year, Mike Curiak from Colorado set a record on the Iditarod Trail in the IditaSport Extreme race to Nome on a modified Marin bike with Remolino rims and tires. Surly Bikes released the Pugsley frame, in 2005,[8] and began producing Large Marge 65 mm (2.6 in) rims and Endomorph 3.8-inch (97 mm) tires in 2006. The Pugsley frame, rim and tire offerings made fatbikes commercially available in local bike shops worldwide.[9] The Pugsley bikes also featured the offset wheel and frame build.

Other early versions of the fatbike were normal mountain bikes equipped with SnowCat rims, created by Simon Rakower of All-Weather Sports in Fairbanks, Alaska in the early 1990s;[10] or with multiple tires seated on two or three standard rims that had been welded or pinned together.[11] Rakower was involved with technical support aspects of the Iditabike (later IditaSport) race, which started in 1987. Since 2002 the race continued on the same trail under the name Iditarod Trail Invitational (ITI). Rakower started hand making extra wide rims for participants by welding two rims together and cutting off the middle ridge known as the snowcat rims 44 mm (1.7 in). S. Rakower produced those rims from 1991 through 1999. Many riders on the Iditarod Trail used a Geax tire with the snow cat rim. Enthusiasts would cut and sew tire-carcasses together to maximize the size of the tire and utilize all the available space between the seat stays and chain stays; this tire and rim combination would maximize the bicycle's footprint, increasing flotation on winter trails. Soon after, Rakower decided to design a 44 mm (1.7 in) rim from scratch and had it produced. SnowCats revolutionized winter cycling, as they could be fitted to nearly any commercially available mountain bike.

Mike Curiak from Colorado set a record on the Iditarod Trail in the 2000 race to Nome.[12]

Mainstream

Surly Bikes released the Pugsley frame in 2005 and began producing Large Marge 65 mm (2.6 in) rims and Endomorph 3.8-inch (97 mm) tires in 2006.[13] The Pugsley frame, rim, and tire offering made fatbikes commercially available in local bike shops worldwide.The Pugsley bikes also featured the offset wheel and frame build. Fatback Bikes came online in 2007 adding the carbon Corvus fatbike. Another Alaskan brand 9:zero:7 joined in 2010 also offering a carbon fatbike. Other bike manufacturers have also entered the fatbike market recently including Trek, with the Farley, Salsa with the Beargrease and Mukluk, and Specialized with the Fatboy and On=One with the Fatty. Others followed since 2014 Rocky Mountain, Felt, Kona, Pivot and many more. Since 2014, Doral bicycles has utilized their Mongoose brand to make fatbikes even more accessible to the general public, with models such as the Beast, Dolomite, Hitch, and Malus selling for around $200, considerably less than their higher-priced predecessors.

Fatbike wheels and dimensions

Events and expeditions

As the popularity of fatbikes has expanded,[5][14][15] fatbike specific events (races, race series, tours, and festivals) have emerged. Examples include the Snow Bike Festival,[16][17] the annual Global Fatbike Summit[18] (since 2012),[19] the Fatbike Birkie race[20] which is part of the Great Lakes Fatbike Series (2014–2015 season: 8 races held across 3 states),[21][22] the US Open Fatbike Beach Championships (inaugural, 2015),[23] the USA Cycling Fat Bike National Championship (inaugural, 2015),[24][25] and the 45Nrth Fatbike Triple Crown race series.[26]

The Iditarod Trail Invitational (formerly known as Iditabike and Iditasport Extreme and Iditasport Impossible) race in Alaska has grown into an international event offering an extreme 130-mile (210 km), 350-mile (560 km) and 1,000-mile (1,600 km) distances. The event spurred the creation of many other winter ultra events in the United States, Canada and Europe that are accepted qualifiers to get into this Invitational.

A number of extreme expeditions have also been made on fatbikes. In December 2012 Eric Larsen attempted to ride a fatbike to the South Pole, but made it only a quarter of the way before he had to turn around.[27] Maria Leijerstam became the first to cycle to the South Pole, across the South Pole Traverse road on a tricycle with fatbike tires.[28] On 21 January 2014, Daniel P. Burton became the first person to ride a bike across Antarctica to the South Pole, starting at Hercules Inlet and biking 1,247 km (775 mi) to the South Pole on a carbon fiber Borealis Yampa fatbike with 4.8 in (120 mm) wide tires.[29][30]

See also

References

  1. 1 2 Adam Fisher. "Rollin' Large". Bicycling. Retrieved 2014-01-18.
  2. ↑ delphinide. "Fatbiking 101". singletracks.com. Retrieved 2014-12-01.
  3. ↑ http://www.ncc-ccn.gc.ca/places-to-visit/gatineau-park/things-to-do/snow-biking-gatineau-park
  4. ↑ Fat Bike Best Practices. Surface604.com. 2014. Retrieved 9 April 2014.
  5. 1 2 Averill, Graham (16 Jan 2015). "Love to Fat Bike? This is where to ride". Outside Online. USA: Outside Magazine. Retrieved 11 Apr 2015.
  6. ↑ http://cyclo-long-cours.fr/2013/02/10/trois-roues-pour-tombouctou/
  7. ↑ "The evolution of the fat-tire mountain bike", 1/20/2015, Bjarne Holm, nuggetnews.com
  8. ↑ Regenold, Stephen (14 July 2006). "Adventure bikes – Surly Pugsley, Evingson Cycle Voyageur". gearjunkie.com. Monopoint Media LLC. Retrieved 11 Apr 2015.
  9. ↑ DeMarban, Alex (27 Dec 2011). "Alaska's fat-bike mania spreads its tire track across world". Alaska Dispatch News. Retrieved 11 Apr 2015.
  10. ↑ SnowCat page on All-Weather Sports website, archived from the original on 2008-02-08
  11. ↑ "A Brief History of Fatbikes". www.adventurecycling.org. Adventure Cycling Association. 13 Feb 2014. Retrieved 6 April 2015.
  12. ↑ "Iditarod Trail Invitational 1000 mile_finishers".
  13. ↑ Renegold, Stephen (14 July 2006). "Adventure bikes – Surly Pugsley, Evingson Cycle Voyageur". gearjunkie.com. Monopoint Media LLC. Retrieved 11 Apr 2015.
  14. ↑ Marshall, John (7 Apr 2015). "Why fat bikes are going from niche sport to mainstream". ctvnews.com. Retrieved 7 Apr 2015.
  15. ↑ "Finns go wild for the fatbike -- perfect for biking in the snow". Alaska Dispatch News. Alaska, USA. 12 Mar 2015. Retrieved 7 Apr 2015.
  16. ↑ "Snow Bike Festival Gstaad". MySwitzerland.com. Retrieved 2016-08-25.
  17. ↑ "The Snow Bike Festival is set to stay in Gstaad". MarathonMTB.com. 2016-06-30. Retrieved 2016-08-25.
  18. ↑ Suder, Jason (15 Jan 2015). "Fat Bike Summit at the King". Jackson Hole News & Guide. Wyoming, USA. Retrieved 7 April 2015.
  19. ↑ "Global Fatbike Summit: History". fatbikesummit.com. 20 Jan 2012. Retrieved 7 Apr 2015.
  20. ↑ "Fat Tire Birkie is a hit". fox21online. Cable, Wi, USA. 7 Mar 2015. Retrieved 7 Apr 2015.
  21. ↑ "2015 Series Announced". greatlakesfatbikeseries.com. Great Lakes Fat Bikes Series. 2014. Retrieved 11 Apr 2015.
  22. ↑ Lindgren, Suzanne (30 Dec 2014). "Snowy times call for fat bike measures". The Sun. USA. Retrieved 11 Apr 2015.
  23. ↑ "NC bikers dominate Fat Bike Championships". WRAL.com. WRAL.com. 14 Mar 2015. Retrieved 7 Apr 2015.
  24. ↑ "USA Cycling adds fat bike National Championships for 2015". cyclingnews.com. USA. 6 Feb 2014. Retrieved 11 Apr 2015.
  25. ↑ Lloyd, Steven (16 Feb 2015). "USA's First Ever Fat Bike National Championship". pinkbike.com. pinkbike.com. Retrieved 11 Apr 2015.
  26. ↑ Sinnema, Jodie (25 Jan 2015). "Edmonton's fat-bike riders now have monthly race to strut their stuff". Edmonton Journal. Edmonton, AB, Canada. Retrieved 1 Apr 2016.
  27. ↑ "Polar explorer falls short of South Pole cycling goal but sets world record". GrindTV.com. 2013-01-16. Retrieved 2014-07-17.
  28. ↑ "IceCycle | World first cycle to the South Pole 2013". Whiteicecycle.com. Retrieved 2014-07-17.
  29. ↑ Mcfall, Michael (21 Jan 2014). "Utah man sets a world record biking to the South Pole". Retrieved 13 Apr 2015.
  30. ↑ "South Pole Epic by dpburton at Garmin Connect - Details". Connect.garmin.com. 2013-12-03. Retrieved 2014-07-17.
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