Festivus

This article is about the December holiday. For other uses, see Festivus (disambiguation).
Festivus

Festivus Pole
Type Secular
Significance A holiday celebrated by those seeking an alternative to the commercialism and pressures of the Christmas holiday season.
Celebrations Airing of Grievances, Feats of Strength, the aluminum pole, Festivus dinner, Festivus miracles
Date December 23
Next time December 23, 2016 (2016-12-23)
Frequency annual

Festivus is both a parody and a secular holiday celebrated on December 23 that serves as an alternative to participating in the pressures and commercialism of the Christmas season. It has been described as "the perfect secular theme for an all-inclusive December gathering".[1]

Originally a family tradition of scriptwriter Dan O'Keefe, who worked on the American sitcom Seinfeld, Festivus entered popular culture after it was made the focus of the 1997 episode "The Strike".[1][2] The holiday's celebration, as it was shown on Seinfeld, includes a Festivus dinner, an unadorned aluminum Festivus pole, practices such as the "Airing of Grievances" and "Feats of Strength", and the labeling of easily explainable events as "Festivus miracles".[3]

The episode refers to it as "a Festivus for the rest of us", referencing its non-commercial aspect. It has also been described both as a "parody holiday festival" and as a form of playful consumer resistance.[4]

History


Festivus was conceived by author and editor Daniel O'Keefe, the father of TV writer Dan O'Keefe, and was celebrated by his family as early as 1966. The word Festivus in this sense was coined by the elder O'Keefe, and according to him the name "just popped into my head".[1] In the original O'Keefe tradition, the holiday would take place to celebrate the anniversary of Daniel O'Keefe's first date with his future wife, Deborah.[5] The phrase, "a Festivus for the rest of us" originally referred to those remaining after the death of the elder O'Keefe's mother, Jeanette, in 1976; i.e. the "rest of us" are the living, as opposed to the dead.[6][7][8]

In 1982, Daniel O'Keefe wrote a book, Stolen Lightning: The Social Theory of Magic, that deals with idiosyncratic ritual and its social significance, a theme relevant to Festivus tradition.[9]

The English word festive derives from Latin "festivus", an adjective meaning "excellent, jovial, lively, [10] which in turn derives from festus "joyous; holiday, feast day".[11][12][13]

It is now celebrated on December 23, as depicted in the Seinfeld episode written by O'Keefe's son.[2]

Seinfeld

Festivus was introduced in the Seinfeld episode "The Strike", written by Daniel O'Keefe's son Dan O'Keefe. The episode revolves around Cosmo Kramer (Michael Richards) returning to work at his old job, H&H Bagels. While dining at Monk's Restaurant, Jerry, George and Elaine discuss George's father's creation of Festivus.[3] Kramer then becomes interested in resurrecting the holiday when, at the bagel shop, Frank Costanza (Jerry Stiller) tells him how he created Festivus as an alternative holiday in response to the commercialization of Christmas.[3]

Frank Costanza's son, George (Jason Alexander), creates donation cards for a fake charity called The Human Fund (with the slogan "Money for People") in lieu of having to give office Christmas presents. When his boss, Mr. Kruger (Daniel von Bargen), questions George about a $20,000 check he gave George to donate to the Human Fund as a corporate donation, George hastily concocts the excuse that he made up the Human Fund because he feared persecution for his beliefs-for not celebrating Christmas but celebrating Festivus instead. Attempting to call his bluff, Kruger goes home with George to see Festivus in action.[3]

Kramer eventually goes back on strike from his bagel-vendor job when his manager tells him he cannot have time off for his new-found holiday. Kramer is then seen on the sidewalk picketing H&H Bagels, carrying a sign reading "Festivus yes! Bagels no!" and chanting to anyone passing the store: "Hey! No bagel, no bagel, no bagel..."[3]

Finally, at Frank's house in Queens, Jerry, Elaine, Kramer, and George gather to celebrate Festivus. George brings Kruger to prove to him that Festivus is "all too real".[3]

Customary practices

"Happy Festivus" embroidered on a yarmulke.

The holiday, as portrayed in the Seinfeld episode,[1][14] includes practices such as the "Airing of Grievances", which occurs during the Festivus meal and in which each person tells everyone else all the ways they have disappointed them over the past year. After the meal, the "Feats of Strength" are performed, involving wrestling the head of the household to the floor, with the holiday ending only if the head of the household is actually pinned.[3]

Festivus pole

In the episode, the tradition of Festivus begins with an aluminum pole. Frank Costanza cites its "very high strength-to-weight ratio" as appealing. During Festivus, the pole is displayed unadorned. According to Frank, "I find tinsel distracting."

Dan O'Keefe credits fellow Seinfeld writer Jeff Schaffer with introducing the concept. The aluminum pole was not part of the original O'Keefe family celebration, which centered on putting a clock in a bag and nailing it to a wall.[15]

Festivus dinner

Some Festivus celebrants emulate the colors shown in the Seinfeld episode by serving meatloaf placed on a bed of lettuce.

In "The Strike", a celebratory dinner is shown on the evening of Festivus prior to the Feats of Strength and during the Airing of Grievances. The on-air meal shows Estelle Costanza serving a sliced reddish colored meat-loaf shaped food on a bed of lettuce.[16] In the episode no alcohol is served at the dinner, but George's boss, Mr. Kruger, drinks something from a hip flask.[3]

The original holiday dinner in the O'Keefe household featured turkey or ham as described in Dan O'Keefe's The Real Festivus.[17]

Airing of Grievances

The celebration of Festivus begins with the "Airing of Grievances", which takes place immediately after the Festivus dinner has been served. In the television episode, Frank Costanza began it with the phrase, "I got a lotta problems with you people, and you're going to hear about it!" It consists of each person lashing out at others and the world about how they have been disappointed in the past year.[18]

Feats of Strength

The Feats of Strength are the final tradition observed in the celebration of Festivus, celebrated immediately following (or in the case of "The Strike", during) the Festivus dinner. The head of the household selects one person at the Festivus celebration and challenges them to a wrestling match. Tradition states Festivus is not over until the head of the household is pinned. In "The Strike", however, Kramer manages to circumvent the rule by creating an excuse to leave. The Feats of Strength are mentioned twice in the episode before they actually take place. In both instances, no detail was given as to what had actually happened, but in both instances, George Costanza ran out of the coffee shop in a mad panic, implying he had bad experiences with the Feats of Strength in the past. What the Feats of Strength entailed was revealed at the very end of the episode, when it actually took place. Failing to pin the head of the household results in Festivus continuing until such requirement is met.[3]

Festivus miracles

Cosmo Kramer twice declares a "Festivus Miracle" during the Festivus celebration in the Costanza household. It is the character Kramer that actually causes the occurrence of two "miracles" by inviting two off-track betting bookies to dinner with Elaine (men whom Elaine wished to avoid), and by causing Jerry's girlfriend Gwen to believe that Jerry was cheating on her.[19]

Wider adoption

Some people, most of them inspired by the Seinfeld episode,[1] subsequently began to celebrate the holiday with varying degrees of seriousness. Allen Salkin's 2005 book Festivus: The Holiday for the Rest of Us[5] chronicles the early adoption of Festivus. Rabbi Joshua Eli Plaut's book A Kosher Christmas: 'Tis the Season to Be Jewish (Rutgers University Press, 2012) references Festivus, along with hybrid holidays such as Chrismukkah.

During the Baltimore Ravens' run to the Super Bowl XXXV Championship in 2000, head coach Brian Billick superstitiously issued an organizational ban on the use of the word "playoffs" until the team had clinched its first postseason berth.[20] "Playoffs" was instead referred to as "Festivus" and the Super Bowl as "Festivus Maximus".[21]

In 2005, Wisconsin Governor Jim Doyle was declared "Governor Festivus", and during the holiday season displayed a Festivus Pole in the family room of the Executive Residence in Madison, Wisconsin.[22] Governor Doyle's 2005 Festivus Pole is now part of the collection of the Wisconsin Historical Museum.[23]

In 2010, a CNN story featuring Jerry Stiller detailed the increasing popularity of the holiday, including US Representative Eric Cantor's Festivus fundraiser,[24] and the Christian Science Monitor reported that Festivus was a top trend on Twitter that year.[25]

In 2012, Google introduced a custom search result for the term "Festivus". In addition to the normal results, an unadorned aluminum pole was displayed running down the side of the list of search results and "A festivus miracle!" prefixes the results count and speed.[26][27]

In 2012, a Festivus Pole was erected on city property in Deerfield Beach, Florida, alongside religious themed holiday displays.[28] A similar Festivus Pole was displayed next to religious displays in the Wisconsin State Capitol, along with a banner provided by the Freedom From Religion Foundation advocating for the separation of government and religion.[29]

In 2013 and 2014, a Festivus Pole constructed with 6 feet (1.8 m) of beer cans was erected next to a nativity scene and other religious holiday displays in the Florida State Capitol Building, as a protest supporting separation of church and state.[29] For the third year in a row in 2015, the same man was granted permission to display a Festivus pole, this year decorated with a gay pride theme and topped with a disco ball to celebrate the court's decision on same-sex marriage, at state capitols in Florida,[30] Georgia, Illinois, Michigan, Missouri, Oklahoma, and Washington.[31]

O'Keefe family practices

The O'Keefe family holiday featured other practices, as detailed in The Real Festivus (2005), a book by Daniel O'Keefe's son, Dan O'Keefe.[17][32] Besides providing a first-person account of the early version of the Festivus holiday as celebrated by the O'Keefe family, the book relates how Dan O'Keefe amended or replaced details of his father's invention to create the Seinfeld episode.[33]

Festivus clock

In a 2013 CNN segment on the origins of Festivus, O'Keefe spoke about the real-life experiences related to the holiday. O'Keefe's father, who originated some of the now-recognized Festivus traditions, used a clock, not an aluminum pole. O'Keefe told CNN:

"The real symbol of the holiday was a clock that my dad put in a bag and nailed to the wall every year...I don't know why, I don't know what it means, he would never tell me. He would always say, 'That's not for you to know.'"[15]

See also

References

  1. 1 2 3 4 5 Salkin, Allen (December 19, 2004). "Fooey to the World: Festivus Is Come". The New York Times. Retrieved January 9, 2008.
  2. 1 2 "Festivus for the rest of us". LJWorld. Retrieved December 25, 2006.
  3. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 "The Strike". Seinfeld Scripts. Retrieved December 25, 2012.
  4. ↑ Mikkonen, Ilona; Bajde, Domen (April 10, 2012). "Happy Festivus! Parody as playful consumer resistance". Consumption Markets & Culture. 16 (4): 1–27. doi:10.1080/10253866.2012.662832.
  5. 1 2 Allen Salkin (2005). Festivus: The Holiday for the Rest of us. ISBN 0-446-69674-9.
  6. ↑ The Real Festivus. Perigee, 2005.
  7. ↑ [http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/discussion/2009/12/16/DI2009121603245.html.
  8. ↑ Dan O'Keefe at the Internet Movie Database
  9. ↑ O'Keefe, Daniel (1982). Stolen Lightning: A Social Theory of Magic. ISBN 0-8264-0059-0.
  10. ↑ "festivus". Words. Retrieved November 21, 2016.
  11. ↑ "festus". Words. Retrieved December 27, 2007.
  12. ↑ "Our day, our way". Journal Sentinel Online. Archived from the original on December 17, 2006. Retrieved December 25, 2006.
  13. ↑ "Dictionary Entry: Fest-/Festivus", Latin Dictionary and Grammar Aid, University of Notre Dame
  14. ↑ Ravitz, Jessica. "Seinfeld' over, but Festivus keeps giving". CNN.com. Retrieved April 9, 2010.
  15. 1 2 "The Origins of Festivus |". cnn.com. December 24, 2013. Retrieved December 24, 2013.
  16. ↑ "Festivus Dinner". Festivusweb.com. December 18, 1997. Retrieved August 19, 2015.
  17. 1 2 O'Keefe, Dan. The Real Festivus. Perigee, 2005.
  18. ↑ "Happy Festivus | A Festivus for the Rest of Us! | Festivus Feats of Strength, Festivus Airing of Grievances, Festivus Pole". Festivusweb.com. December 18, 1997. Retrieved July 6, 2013.
  19. ↑ "Festivus Miracle | Festivusweb.com | Seinfeld Festivus". Festivusweb.com. Retrieved July 6, 2013.
  20. ↑ Cowherd, Kevin. "Suiting up for the big ballgame," The Baltimore Sun, Tuesday, December 12, 2000.
  21. ↑ Mink, Ryan. "9 Forgotten Super Bowl Facts," Baltimore Ravens, Monday, February 1, 2010.
  22. ↑ "Gov. Festivus!". madison.com. Retrieved December 25, 2006.
  23. ↑ "Governor Doyle's Festivus Pole". Wisconsin Historical Society. Retrieved December 21, 2014.
  24. ↑ "Festivus for the rest of Us! Jerry Stiller on Fake holiday's real popularity". CNN. December 23, 2010. Retrieved December 23, 2010.
  25. ↑ "Festivus becomes worldwide holiday. Break out the Festivus pole!". Christian Science Monitor. Retrieved December 23, 2010.
  26. ↑ Cutts, Matt, (December 10, 2012) It's a Festivus miracle when you go to Google and search…, Google+, retrieved December 23, 2013
  27. ↑ "Festivus: The Google Easter egg for the rest of us". National Post. December 12, 2012. Retrieved December 13, 2012.
  28. ↑ Funcheon, Deirdra (December 6, 2013). ""Festivus Pole" Made of Beer Cans Approved; Will Go Up in Florida Capitol Next to Jesus' Manger. Deirdra Funcheon. Broward Palm Beach New Times.". Blogs.browardpalmbeach.com. Retrieved July 20, 2014.
  29. 1 2 Farrington, Brendan (December 11, 2013). "Festivus For The Rest Of Us! Florida Atheist Successfully Puts Up Beer Can Pole Display". Huffington Post. Retrieved December 24, 2013.
  30. ↑ "Festivus pole hoisted in Florida Capitol once again". Fox 35 Orlando. December 23, 2015. Retrieved December 23, 2015.
  31. ↑ "Religious Activist Puts Up Gay Pride Festivus Poles At State Capitals". Newsy. December 23, 2015. Retrieved December 25, 2015. A Florida man used the made-up holiday of Festivus to make a point about the separation of church and state by putting up "gay pride Festivus poles."
  32. ↑ Dan O'Keefe at the Internet Movie Database
  33. ↑ "Origins of Festivus". Retrieved August 19, 2015.

External links

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