Fort William, Highland

Fort William
Scottish Gaelic: An Gearasdan
Scots: Fort Weelum
Fort William High Street
Fort William  Fort William shown within the Lochaber area
Population	10,459 [1]
OS grid reference	NN103738
– Edinburgh	134 mi (216 km)
– London	512 mi (824 km)
Council area	Highland
Country	Scotland
Sovereign state	United Kingdom
Post town	FORT WILLIAM
Postcode district	PH33
Dialling code	01397
Police	Scottish
Fire	Scottish
Ambulance	Scottish
EU Parliament	Scotland
UK Parliament	Ross, Skye and Lochaber
Scottish Parliament	Skye, Lochaber and Badenoch
List of places UK Scotland

Coordinates: 56°49′01″N 5°06′35″W / 56.81689°N 5.10963°W

Fort William (Scottish Gaelic: An Gearasdan [ən ˈkʲɛrəs̪t̪ən] "The Garrison") is the second largest settlement in the Highlands of Scotland with around 10,000 inhabitants — and the largest town: only the city of Inverness is larger.

Fort William is a major tourist centre, with Glen Coe just to the south, Aonach Mòr to the east and Glenfinnan to the west, on the Road to the Isles. It is a centre for hillwalking and climbing due to its proximity to Ben Nevis and many other Munro mountains. It is also known for its nearby downhill mountain bike track. It is the start/end of both the West Highland Way (Milngavie-Fort William) and the Great Glen Way (a walk/cycle way Fort William-Inverness).

Around 726 people (7.33% of the population) can speak Gaelic.^[2]

Etymology

Questions over the town's English name are various. The post-Glorious Revolution fort was named Fort William after William of Orange, and the settlement that grew around it was called Maryburgh, after his wife. This settlement was later renamed Gordonsburgh, and then Duncansburgh^[3] before being renamed Fort William, this time after Prince William, Duke of Cumberland; known to some Scots as "Butcher Cumberland". Given these origins, there have been various suggestions over the years to rename the town (for example, to Invernevis). These proposals have led to nothing.

Questions over the town's Gaelic name are also quite interesting. The Gaelic name for the town is An Gearasdan; this is an adaptation of the French term garnison. French loanwords in the Gaelic language are very rare, and can only correspond with specific times in Scottish history: during David I's politically pacifying introduction of a Norman aristocracy in Scotland after the Norman conquest of England, and the period covering the Auld Alliance.

The most likely derivation for the town's Franco-Gaelic name is from the Scoto-Norman Clan Comyn, who built Inverlochy Castle in the Norman style that is familiar throughout Scotland during this period. French loanwords that took root during the Norman ascendancy in the British Isles and the Auld Alliance are far more common in the Scots language than in Gaelic.

Of course it is perfectly possible that there is a much simpler, possibly more likely explanation - the modern Gaelic name for Fort William, An Gearasdan is derived from the English garrison - which is itself derived from the French garnison - and entered common usage some time after the royal garrison was established during the reign of William of Orange or perhaps after the fort established during Oliver Cromwell's rule as Lord Protector.

History

Historically, this area of Lochaber was strongly Clan Cameron country, and there were a number of mainly Cameron settlements in the area (such as Blarmacfoldach). The nearby settlement of Inverlochy was the main settlement in the area before the building of the fort, and was also site of the Battle of Inverlochy.

Fort William from Loch Linnhe.

The town grew in size as a settlement when the fort was constructed to control the population after Oliver Cromwell's invasion during the Wars of the Three Kingdoms, and then to suppress the Jacobite uprisings of the 18th century.

In the Jacobite rising known as the Forty-Five, Fort William was besieged for two weeks by the Jacobites, from 20 March to 3 April 1746. However, although the Jacobites had captured both of the other forts in the chain of three Great Glen fortifications (Fort Augustus and the original Fort George) they failed to take Fort William.

During the Second World War, Fort William was the home of HMS St Christopher which was a training base for Royal Navy Coastal Forces.

More on the history of the town and the region can be found in the West Highland Museum on the High Street.

Ben Nevis viewed from Neptune's Staircase

Fort William is the northern end of the West Highland Way, a long distance route which runs 95 miles (153 km) through the Scottish Highlands to Milngavie, on the outskirts of Glasgow, and the start/end point of the Great Glen Way, which runs between Fort William and Inverness.

On 2 June 2006, a fire destroyed McTavish's Restaurant in Fort William High Street along with the two shops which were part of the building. The restaurant had been open since the 1970s and prior to that the building had been Fraser's Cafe since the 1920s. Development work began in 2012 on new hotel accommodation and street-level shops and these opened in 2014.

Future development

A "Waterfront" development was proposed by the Council, but there was no overwhelming support for this in the town.^[4] The development would have included a hotel, some shops and some housing, but it was stated early in 2008 that it was unlikely to be completed before 2020.^[5] It was announced in April 2010 that the project had been abandoned.^[6]

Geography

Fort William viewed from Corpach

Originally based on the still-extant village of Inverlochy, the town lies at the southern end of the Great Glen, Fort William lies near the head of Loch Linnhe, one of Scotland's longest sea lochs, beside the mouth of the rivers Nevis and Lochy. They join in the intertidal zone and briefly become one river before discharging to the sea. The town and its suburbs are surrounded by picturesque mountains. It is also on the shore of Loch Eil. It is close to Ben Nevis, the highest mountain in the British Isles, Glen Nevis and the town of Achnaphubuil, is on the opposite shore of the loch. When the railway opened to Fort William on 7 August 1894, the station was given prime position at the south end of the town. The consequence was that the town was separated from the lochside by railway tracks until the 1970s when the present by-pass was built, and the station was re-located to the north end.

The town is centred on the High Street, which was pedestrianised in the 1990s. Off this there are several squares. Monzie Square (named after the Cameron Campbells of Monzie, Perthshire, former landowners in the town), Station Square, where the long-since demolished railway station used to be, Gordon Square (named for the Gordons, who owned land where the town now stands in the late 18th century, when the town was named Gordonsburgh), and Cameron Square — formerly known as Town Hall Square. There is also Fraser Square which is not so square-like since it now opens out into Middle Street but it still houses the Imperial Hotel.

The main residential areas of the town are unseen from the High Street and from the A82 main road. Upper Achintore and the Plantation spread steeply uphill from above the high street.

Inverlochy, aluminium plant, Corpach and Loch Eil

Inverlochy, Claggan, An-Aird, Lochyside, Caol, Banavie and Corpach outwith (ie outside) the town are the other main residential areas. These areas are built on much flatter land than the town.

Glenfinnan, 17 miles (27 km) away, is home of the Glenfinnan Monument (Jacobite era) and the famous Glenfinnan Viaduct (as seen on a Bank Of Scotland £10 note^[7]). The viaduct has become known to millions in recent years as the "Harry Potter Bridge" after it featured in the films of the books by J.K. Rowling, specifically Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets. Glenfinnan has also been used in Charlotte Gray and Highlander.

Just outside the town is a large aluminium plant operated by Alcan and powered by the Lochaber hydroelectric scheme,^[8] in its day the biggest tunnelling project in the world. This was formerly served by the Lochaber Narrow Gauge Railway better known locally as the Puggy Line.

Climate

Fort William has an oceanic climate (Cfb) with moderate, but generally cool, temperatures and abundant precipitation.

Climate data for Fort William, United Kingdom
Month	Jan	Feb	Mar	Apr	May	Jun	Jul	Aug	Sep	Oct	Nov	Dec	Year
Average high °C (°F)	5.0 (41)	5.0 (41)	8.0 (46.4)	10.0 (50)	14.0 (57.2)	17.0 (62.6)	18.0 (64.4)	18.0 (64.4)	15.0 (59)	11.0 (51.8)	8.0 (46.4)	6.0 (42.8)	11.3 (52.25)
Average low °C (°F)	−1.0 (30.2)	−1.0 (30.2)	1.0 (33.8)	3.0 (37.4)	7.0 (44.6)	10.0 (50)	11.0 (51.8)	11.0 (51.8)	8.0 (46.4)	5.0 (41)	2.0 (35.6)	1.0 (33.8)	4.8 (40.55)
Average rainfall mm (inches)	216.0 (8.504)	146.0 (5.748)	173.0 (6.811)	101.0 (3.976)	89.0 (3.504)	100.0 (3.937)	122.0 (4.803)	130.0 (5.118)	171.0 (6.732)	200.0 (7.874)	197.0 (7.756)	238.0 (9.37)	1,883 (74.133)
Source: Weather 2 Travel[9]

Transport

Arrival at Fort William of the overnight sleeper train from London Euston.

The West Highland Line passes through Fort William. Owing to the difficult terrain in the area, the line from Glasgow, to the south, enters from the northeast. Trains from Glasgow to Mallaig, the terminus of the line, have to reverse at Fort William railway station.^[10]

An overnight train, the Caledonian sleeper, has its terminus at Fort William. This service is known colloquially as 'The Deerstalker'.^[11]

A bus station outside the railway station is served by local buses and express coaches.

The Caledonian Canal connects the Scottish east coast at Inverness with the west coast at Corpach near Fort William.^[12]

Sports

Mountain biking

Just outside the town, parallel to the Nevis Range Gondola, there is a large downhill mountain bike track which attracts thousands of visitors every year, including international competitors and fans.

Each year since 2001, Fort William has hosted a round of UCI Mountain Bike World Cup, and in 2007 it hosted the UCI Mountain Bike & Trials World Championships ('The Worlds'). Also a trials competition is held, at the various courses at the bottom.

Motorcycle trials

Fort William is the home of the Scottish Six Day Motorcycle Trial (SSDT), held annually in the first full week of May. It attracts many competitors from all across the globe and in 2011 the event celebrated its centenary year.

Others

Fort William has two major shinty teams, Fort William Shinty Club and Kilmallie Shinty Club. It also has a football team, Fort William F.C., that competes in the Scottish Highland Football League and plays home games at Claggan Park. There is also a cricket club at Fort William that participates in the North of Scotland Cricket Association league. (NoSCA).

In addition, the town is home to Lochaber Rugby Club and to the Lochaber Yacht Club, a Community Amateur Sports Club that was founded in 1954. The town also has one golf club, called Fort William Golf Club, which has eighteen holes and is open all year round. It also hosts weekly competitions.

As a film location

Movies filmed in or near Fort William include Being Human, Braveheart, Highlander, Restless Natives, the Harry Potter series and Rob Roy. The TV series Rockface was filmed mainly around Fort William and some scenes of Monarch of the Glen were filmed around Lochaber although mostly near Newtonmore. Local Hero shot the internal Houston scenes in Fort William.

Festival

In a celebration of mountains and the culture that surrounds them, and in recognition of the importance of climbing and walking tourism to the town, the Fort William Mountain Festival is held there each year. For a number of years, this volunteer-led festival has concentrated mostly around film but, starting in the Year of Highland Culture - Highland 2007, its scope was widened, and it dropped the word 'film' from its title.^[13]

Convention

The Scottish Highland's largest pop culture festival is to be held in Fort William from October 2016. The Fort William Comic Con & Expo, otherwise known as 'Fort Con' is to become an annual event on the town's calendar. ^[14]

Education

Lochaber High School is the local high school and serves a large catchment area which includes the surrounding villages. The town itself is served by three primary schools, one of which is a Catholic school.

Notable people

• Hugh Cochrane, recipient of the Victoria Cross
• Charles Kennedy - Former leader of the Liberal Democrat party and former Liberal Democrat Member of Parliament for Ross, Skye and Lochaber. Although born in Inverness, was brought up and educated in Fort William.
• Danny Alexander - The former Chief Secretary to the Treasury and Liberal Democrat Member of Parliament for Inverness, Nairn, Badenoch and Strathspey. Brought up in Invergarry, a small village just outside Fort William.
• Justin Ryan - interior decorator and television presenter, although born in Glasgow, was brought up in Fort William.
• Allan MacDonald - Roman Catholic priest, Scottish Gaelic scholar, and pastor in South Uist and Eriskay, was born and brought up in Fort William.
• Daniel McLean McDonald - Founder of the BSR company and benefactor of the McDonald Institute for Archaeological Research in the University of Cambridge.^[15]
• John Wood, recipient of the Victoria Cross
• Barry Hutchison - Award winning author

Notes

1. The Highland Council. "Population | Highland profile - key facts and figures | The Highland Council". Highland.gov.uk. Retrieved 2016-11-11.
2. "Gàidhlig (Scottish Gaelic) Local Studies" (PDF). Population figures. September 2006. Retrieved April 7, 2012.
3. "Faddoch (Ross), An Fhàdaich" (PDF). Retrieved 2009-07-30.
4. "Lochaber News". Lochaber News. Retrieved 2009-07-30.
5. "Lochaber News 12 January 2008". Lochaber-news.co.uk. 2008-01-12. Retrieved 2009-07-30.
6. £80m Fort William waterfront project falls through, Page last updated at 10:50 GMT, Tuesday, 20 April 2010 11:50 UK
7. "Bank of Scotland £10 Bridges". Scotbanks.org.uk. Retrieved 2016-11-11.
8. "Wonders of Water Power — Aluminium Production". Mercedes-w123.net. Retrieved 2009-07-30.
9. "Climate data for Fort William". Weather 2 Travel. Retrieved 2012-04-07.
10. "West Highland Railway". Railscot. Retrieved 2009-07-30.
11. Quine, Adrian (1 June 2014). "The 1980s time-warp of the London-Scotland sleeper train". BBC News. Retrieved 6 April 2016.
12. Calder, Simon (6 May 2011). "The Caledonian Canal". The Independent. Retrieved 6 April 2016.
13. Fort William Mountain Festival. Retrieved from http://www.mountainfilmfestival.co.uk/.
14. "Fort Con – The Fort William Comic Con & Expo". www.fortcon.co.uk. Retrieved 2016-05-08.
15. "McDonald Institute for Archaeological Research in the University of Cambridge". Mcdonald.cam.ac.uk. Retrieved 2009-07-30.

References

• MacCulloch, Donald B. (1971). Romantic Lochaber. Chambers. ISBN 0-550-50347-1.

External links

• Fort William walks and outdoors guide
• Fort William the End of the West Highland Way
• Map of Ft William and area, dated 1710
• History of HMS St Christopher
•  "Fort William, a police burgh of Inverness-shire, Scotland". Encyclopædia Britannica (11th ed.). 1911.