Gauda Kingdom

Kingdom of Gauda

Bengali: গৌড় রাজ্য (Gāur Rājya)

590–626

Gauda (in eastern India) and its contemporaries, c. 625 CE

Capital

Karnasuvarna (present day West Bengal, India)

Religion

Hinduism
Buddhism

Government

Monarchy

King

•

590–625

Shashanka

•

625–626

Manava

History

•

Established

590

•

Disestablished

626

Preceded by

Succeeded by

Later Gupta dynasty

Pushyabhuti dynasty
Kamarupa

Part of a series on the
History of Bengal

Ancient geopolitical units
Pundravardhana Vanga Gangaridai Samatata Anga Suhma Harikela Kamarupa
Ancient and classical dynasties
Maurya dynasty Gupta dynasty Varman dynasty Gauda dynasty Mallabhum dynasty Khadga dynasty Pala dynasty Candra dynasty Sena dynasty Deva dynasty
Medieval and Early Modern periods
Delhi Sultanate City states Sonargaon Lakhnauti Satgaon Bengal Sultanate Ilyas Shahi dynasty Hussain Shahi dynasty Karrani dynasty Sur Empire Twelve Bhuyan Confederacy Raja Ganesha Kingdom of Mrauk U Koch Bihar Kingdom Kingdom of Tripura Kingdom of Bhurshut Mughal Empire Bengal Subah Maharaja Pratap Aditya Raja Sitaram Ray Burdwan Raj Nawabs of Bengal Zamindars Maratha expeditions in Bengal
European colonisation
Portuguese Chittagong Dutch Bengal French Bengal Danish Bengal Austrian Bengal British India Company rule Bengal Presidency Bengal famine of 1770 Bengal famine of 1943 Direct Action Day Partition of Bengal (1905) Indian Mutiny of 1857 British Raj Bengal Renaissance Eastern Bengal and Assam Anti-colonial struggle Partition of Bengal (1947)
Bangladesh
Union with Pakistan Language Movement Liberation War 1971 Genocide People's Republic Military coups Bangladesh famine of 1974
Indian Bengal
West Bengal Tripura merger Left Front Naxalism Barak Valley Language Movement Gorkhaland
Related
Bengali calendar Bengali literary history

Outline of South Asian history

Palaeolithic (2,500,000–250,000 BC)

Madrasian Culture	(2,500,000 BC)
Riwatian Culture	(1,900,000 BC)
Soanian Culture	(500,000–250,000 BC)

Neolithic (10,800–3300 BC)

Bhirrana Culture	(7570–6200 BC)
Mehrgarh Culture	(7000–3300 BC)

Chalcolithic (3500–1500 BC)

Jorwe Culture	(3500–2000 BC)
Ahar-Banas Culture	(3000–1500 BC)
Pandu Culture	(1600–1500 BC)

Bronze Age (3000–1300 BC)

Indus Valley Civilisation	(3300–1300 BC)
– Early Harappan Culture	(3300–2600 BC)
– Mature Harappan Culture	(2600–1900 BC)
– Late Harappan Culture	(1900–1300 BC)
Vedic Civilisation	(2000–500 BC)
– Ochre Coloured Pottery culture	(2000–1600 BC)
– Swat culture	(1600–500 BC)

Iron Age (1500–230 BC)

Vedic Civilisation	(2000–500 BC)
– Janapadas	(1500–600 BC)
– Black and Red ware culture	(1300–1000 BC)
– Painted Grey Ware culture	(1200–600 BC)
– Northern Black Polished Ware	(700–200 BC)
Pradyota Dynasty	(799–684 BC)
Haryanka Dynasty	(684–424 BC)
Three Crowned Kingdoms	(6th century BC - AD 1650)
Maha Janapadas	(600–300 BC)
Achaemenid Empire	(550–330 BC)
Ror Dynasty	(450 BC–AD 489)
Shishunaga Dynasty	(424–345 BC)
Nanda Empire	(380–321 BC)
Macedonian Empire	(330–323 BC)
Maurya Empire	(321–184 BC)
Seleucid Empire	(312–63 BC)
Pandya Empire	(300 BC–AD 1345)
Chera Kingdom	(300 BC–AD 1102)
Chola Empire	(300 BC–AD 1279)
Pallava Empire	(250 BC–AD 800)
Maha-Megha-Vahana Empire	(250 BC–AD 400)
Parthian Empire	(247 BC–AD 224)

Classical Period (230 BC–AD 1206)

Satavahana Empire	(230 BC–AD 220)
Kuninda Kingdom	(200 BC–AD 300)
Indo-Scythian Kingdom	(200 BC–AD 400)
Shunga Empire	(185–73 BC)
Indo-Greek Kingdom	(180 BC–AD 10)
Kanva Empire	(75–26 BC)
Indo-Parthian Kingdom	(AD 21–130s)
Western Satrap Empire	(AD 35–405)
Kushan Empire	(AD 60–240)
Bharshiva Dynasty	(AD 170–350)
Nagas of Padmavati	(AD 210–340)
Sasanian Empire	(AD 224–651)
Indo-Sassanid Kingdom	(AD 230–360)
Vakataka Empire	(AD 250s–500s)
Kalabhras Empire	(AD 250–600)
Gupta Empire	(AD 280–550)
Kadamba Empire	(AD 345–525)
Western Ganga Kingdom	(AD 350–1000)
Kamarupa Kingdom	(350–1100 )
Vishnukundina Empire	(420–624)
Maitraka Empire	(475–767)
Huna Kingdom	(475–576)
Rai Kingdom	(489–632)
Kabul Shahi Empire	(500s–1026)
Chalukya Empire	(543–753)
Maukhari Empire	(550s–700s)
Harsha Empire	(606–647)
Tibetan Empire	(618–841)
Eastern Chalukya Kingdom	(624–1075)
Rashidun Caliphate	(632–661)
Gurjara-Pratihara Empire	(650–1036 )
Umayyad Caliphate	(661–750)
Pala Empire	(750–1174)
Rashtrakuta Empire	(753–982)
Paramara Kingdom	(800–1327)
Yadava Empire	(850–1334)
Solanki Kingdom	(942–1244)
Western Chalukya Empire	(973–1189)
Lohara Kingdom	(1003–1320)
Hoysala Empire	(1040–1346)
Sena Empire	(1070–1230)
Eastern Ganga Empire	(1078–1434 )
Kakatiya Kingdom	(1083–1323)
Zamorin Kingdom	(1102–1766)
Kalachuris of Tripuri	(675-1210)
Kalachuris of Kalyani	(1156–1184)
Sutiya Kingdom	(1187-1673)
Deva Kingdom	(1200s–1300s)

Medieval and Early Modern Periods (1206–1858)

Delhi Sultanate	(1206–1526)
– Mamluk Sultanate	(1206–1290)
– Khilji Sultanate	(1290–1320)
– Tughlaq Sultanate	(1320–1414)
– Sayyid Sultanate	(1414–1451)
– Lodi Sultanate	(1451–1526)
Ahom Kingdom	(1228–1826)
Chitradurga Kingdom	(1300–1779)
Reddy Kingdom	(1325–1448)
Vijayanagara Empire	(1336–1646)
Garhwal Kingdom	(1358–1803)
Mysore Kingdom	(1399–1947)
Gajapati Kingdom	(1434–1541)
Deccan Sultanates	(1490–1596)
– Ahmadnagar Sultanate	(1490–1636)
– Berar Sultanate	(1490–1574)
– Bidar Sultanate	(1492–1619)
– Bijapur Sultanate	(1492–1686)
– Golkonda Sultanate	(1518–1687)
Keladi Kingdom	(1499–1763)
Koch Kingdom	(1515–1947)
Mughal Empire	(1526–1858)
Sur Empire	(1540–1556)
Madurai Kingdom	(1559–1736)
Thanjavur Kingdom	(1572–1918)
Marava Kingdom	(1600–1750)
Thondaiman Kingdom	(1650–1948)
Maratha Empire	(1674–1818)
Sikh Confederacy	(1707–1799)
Travancore Kingdom	(1729–1947)
Sikh Empire	(1799–1849)

Colonial Period (1510–1961)

Portuguese India	(1510–1961)
Dutch India	(1605–1825)
Danish India	(1620–1869)
French India	(1759–1954)
Company Raj	(1757–1858)
British Raj	(1858–1947)

Kingdoms and Colonies of Sri Lanka (544 BC–1948)

Kingdom of Tambapanni	(543–505 BC)
Kingdom of Upatissa Nuwara	(505–377 BC)
Anuradhapura Kingdom	(377 BC–AD 1017)
Kingdom of Ruhuna	(AD 200)
Kingdom of Polonnaruwa	(300–1310)
Jaffna Kingdom	(1215–1624)
Kingdom of Dambadeniya	(1220–1272)
Kingdom of Yapahuwa	(1272–1293)
Kingdom of Kurunegala	(1293–1341)
Kingdom of Gampola	(1341–1347)
Kingdom of Raigama	(1347–1415)
Kingdom of Kotte	(1412–1597)
Kingdom of Sitawaka	(1521–1594)
Kingdom of Kandy	(1469–1815)
Portuguese Ceylon	(1505–1658)
Dutch Ceylon	(1656–1796)
British Ceylon	(1815–1948)

National histories

Regional histories

Specialised histories

Gauda Kingdom (Bengali: গৌড় রাজ্য Gāur Rājya), was a Hindu power during the Late Classical period on the Indian subcontinent, which originated in the region of Bengal.^[1]^[2]

Location and extent

King Shashanka (Bengali: শশাঙ্ক Shôshangko) is often attributed with creating the first separate political entity in a unified Bengal called Gauda. He reigned in 7th century, and some historians place his rule approximately between 590 and 625. His capital was at Karnasubarna, 9.6 kilometres (6.0 mi) south-west of Baharampur, headquarters of Murshidabad district.^[1]

The Chinese monk, Xuanzang (Hiuen Tsang) travelled from the country of Karnasubarna to a region in Orissa ruled by Shashanka.^[2] There is mention of Pundravardhana being part of Gauda in certain ancient records.^[3]

Evidence seems to be discrepant regarding links of Gauda with the Rarh region. While Krishna Mishra (11th or 12th century), in his Prabodha-chandrodaya, mentions that Gauda rashtra includes Rarh (or Rarhpuri) and Bhurishreshthika, identified with Bhurshut, in Hooghly and Howrah districts, but the Managoli inscription of the Yadava king Jaitugi I distinguishes Lala (Rarh) from Gaula (Gauda).^[1]

According to Jain writers of the thirteenth and fourteenth centuries, Gauda included Lakshmanavati in present-day Malda district.^[1]

Following his death, Shashanka was succeeded by his son, Manava, who ruled the kingdom for eight months. However Gauda was soon divided amongst Harshavardhana and Bhaskarvarmana of Kamarupa, the latter even managing to conquer Karnasuvarna.

The Pala emperors were referred to as Vangapati (Lord of Vanga) and Gaudesvara (Lord of Gauda). Sena kings also called themselves Gaudesvara. From then Gauda and Vanga seem to be interchangeable names for whole of Bengal.^[1]

References

1 2 3 4 5 Majumdar, Dr. R.C., History of Ancient Bengal, first published 1971, reprint 2005, pp. 5-6, Tulshi Prakashani, Kolkata, ISBN 81-89118-01-3.
1 2 Ghosh, Suchandra (2012). "Gauda, Janapada". In Islam, Sirajul; Jamal, Ahmed A. Banglapedia: National Encyclopedia of Bangladesh (Second ed.). Asiatic Society of Bangladesh.
↑ Bandopadhyay, Rakhaldas, Bangalar Itihas, (Bengali), first published 1928, revised edition 1971, vol I, p 101, Nababharat Publishers, 72 Mahatma Gandhi Road, Kolkata.

Coordinates: 24°11′N 88°16′E / 24.18°N 88.27°E / 24.18; 88.27

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