George Pretyman Tomline

In this name, the family name is Pretyman (before 1803), Pretyman Tomline (from 1803), but commonly called Tomline thereafter.

George Pretyman Tomline
Bishop of Winchester
Pretyman Tomline robed as Garter Prelate.
Diocese	Diocese of Winchester
In office	1820–1827
Predecessor	Brownlow North
Successor	Charles Sumner
Other posts	Private secretary to the Prime Minister (1783–1787) Dean of St Paul's (1787–1820) Bishop of Lincoln (1787–1820)
Orders
Ordination	1774 (deacon); 1776 (priest)
Consecration	c. 1787
Personal details
Born	(1750-10-09)9 October 1750 Bury St Edmunds, Suffolk, Great Britain
Died	14 November 1827(1827-11-14) (aged 77) Wimborne, Dorset, United Kingdom
Buried	Winchester Cathedral
Nationality	British
Denomination	Anglican
Residence	Kingston Hall, near Wimborne (at death)
Parents	George Pretyman & Susan
Spouse	Elizabeth Maltby (m. 1784; d. 1826)
Children	3 sons
Profession	theologian
Alma mater	Pembroke College, Cambridge

Sir George Pretyman Tomline, 5th Baronet FRS (born George Pretyman; 9 October 1750 – 14 November 1827) was an English clergyman, theologian, Bishop of Lincoln and then Bishop of Winchester, and confidant of William Pitt the Younger. He was an opponent of Catholic emancipation.

Early life

He was born George Pretyman in Bury St Edmunds, Suffolk to a family claiming to have been influential in the region as far back as the fourteenth century. His father, also George Pretyman (1722–1810) was a landowner and wool merchant. His mother, George's wife, was Susan née Hubbard (1720/1721 - 1807).

Pretyman attended Bury St Edmunds Grammar School and then Pembroke College, Cambridge, graduating in 1772 as senior wrangler and Smith's prizewinner. He was elected a fellow of Pembroke in 1773. He was ordained deacon in 1774 and priest in 1776:^[1] by Philip Yonge, Bishop of Norwich at his Palace's chapel on 14 August 1774^[2] and by John Hinchliffe, Bishop of Peterborough at Trinity College, Cambridge on 16 June 1776.^[3]

William Pitt the Younger was sent to Pembroke in 1773, at the age of fourteen, and Pretyman became his tutor and gradually his friend and confidant.^[4] When Pitt unsuccessfully stood for election as Member of Parliament for Cambridge University in the British general election, 1780, Pretyman supported him.

Pitt became Prime Minister of Great Britain in December 1783 when the Fox-North Coalition fell but it remained for him to win the British general election, 1784. On his 1784 victory, Pitt made Pretyman his private secretary, though the title was thought inappropriate for a clergyman. Pretyman's mathematical ability was soon called upon in advising Pitt on the sinking fund and other technicalities of fiscal policy.

On 3 September 1784, Pretyman married Elizabeth Maltby (died 13 June 1826), cousin of Edward Maltby, the future Bishop of Chichester and himself eighth wrangler, and appointed Edward his domestic chaplain.^[5] George and Elizabeth were well-matched and he constantly consulted her on church and political issues.

Bishop of Lincoln

In 1787, Pitt appointed Pretyman Bishop of Lincoln, having to overcome the opposition of George III who objected to Pretyman's youth. Having already become Dean of St Paul's (he was instituted to the Portpoole prebend by Robert Lowth, Bishop of London on 21 February 1787),^[6] his election was confirmed by John Moore, Archbishop of Canterbury, at St Mary-le-Bow on 10 March 1787^[7] and he was consecrated a bishop by Moore (assisted by William Ashburnham, Bishop of Chichester; Shute Barrington, Bishop of Salisbury and Beilby Porteus, Bishop of Chester) at Lambeth Palace chapel on 11 March 1787.^[8]

Pretyman maintained on close terms with Pitt, though Lincoln duties kept him from frequent visits to London, and shared Whig attitudes. In a sermon to the House of Lords on 30 January 1789, Pretyman condemned Charles I, executed by parliament in 1649, and praised his political opponents. John Wesley wrote to Pretyman in 1790 accusing him of driving the 'people called Methodists' out of the established church.^[9] Pretyman continued to advise Pitt on finance and on Pitt's Ecclesiastical Plan. Pretyman was an opponent of Catholic emancipation and was against Pitt's 1801 decision to resign when he failed to effect the changes promised to the Irish Catholics in the compromises made over the passage of the Act of Union 1800.

Henry Addington's regime was still less to Pretyman's taste and his anti-Catholic sentiments strengthened. However, he remained on good terms with Pitt and was ready to help him out of his debts.

Pitt's second ministry

Already wealthy, in 1803 he inherited extensive property from a distant relative, Marmaduke Tomline, and took the name Tomline. Pitt returned to government in 1804 and, much to Tomline's satisfaction, promoted Tomline as Archbishop of Canterbury, even though there was an earlier provisional agreement with the King that Charles Manners-Sutton should be appointed. However, the King was not to be manœuvred and exercised his royal prerogative to appoint Manners-Sutton.

Tomline was offered the post of Bishop of London in 1813 but declined because he thought the duties too onerous. He was translated to Bishop of Winchester by the confirmation of his election (by Manners-Sutton) on 15 August 1820.^[10]

Family and death

Memorial in Winchester Cathedral

Tomline had inherited further property before he died of apoplexy at Kingston Hall, near Wimborne, Dorset and his estate was worth £200,000 (equivalent to £15,615,125 in 2015).^[11] He was buried in Winchester Cathedral. His monument was sculpted by Richard Westmacott (the younger).^[12]

Tomline and his wife had three sons but they relinquished their claim to the baronetcy:

William Edward Tomline (1787–1836),^[13] MP for, successively, Christchurch, Truro, and Minehead.
George-Thomas Tomline, became Chancellor of Lincoln and prebendary of Winchester.
Richard Tomline, his third son, became precentor of Lincoln.

Works

Tomline published the following works:^[14]

Elements of Christian Theology (1799), 2 vols., with the 12th and last edition printed in 1826. It was designed for candidates for ordination. Henry Stebbing published a revision, in 1843.
A Refutation of Calvinism (1803), the 8th and final edition printed in 1823. This was a controversial work, causing a debate that involved Thomas Scott, Edward Williams, John Chetwode Eustace, and some anonymous writers.
Memoir of the Life of the Right Honorable William Pitt, 2 vols. (John Murray, Albemarle-Street, London, 1821). It goes no further than 1793.

Personality

He was an able administrator to his diocese, conducting eleven visitations during his thirty three years tenure.

Though to the inferior clergy there was unquestionably something over-awing in his presence, arising from their conscientiousness of his superior attainments, yet it was impossible not to admire the courtliness of his manners and the benevolence of his sentiments
— The Gentleman's Magazine, 1st ser., 98/1 (1828), 204)

Though he appeared somewhat aloof in public, Tomline was a devoted family man and genial enough given the right company. From 1806, he was conservative as to his attitudes to church and state but was well respected by someone of as different an outlook as Samuel Parr.

Offices and honours

Sinecure rectory of Corwen, Merioneth, (1782);
Canon of Westminster, (1784);
Doctor of Divinity, University of Cambridge, (1784);
Rector of Sudbourn-cum-Offord, (1785);
Fellow of the Royal Society, (1785);
Dean of St Paul's, (1787–1820);
Charles I had originally conferred a Nova Scotia baronetcy on John Pretyman but it had been dormant since 1749. In February 1823, Tomline's claim to the baronetcy was confirmed and he became Sir George Pretyman Tomline, 5th Baronet.

Styles and titles

1750–1774: George Pretyman Esq.
1774–1784: The Reverend George Pretyman
1784–1787: The Reverend Canon Dr George Pretyman
1787–1787: The Very Reverend Dr George Pretyman
1787–1803: The Right Reverend Dr George Pretyman
1803–1823: The Right Reverend Dr George Pretyman Tomline
1823–1827: The Right Reverend Dr Sir George Pretyman Tomline, Baronet

References

↑ "Pretyman (post Pretyman Tomline), George (PRTN767G)". A Cambridge Alumni Database. University of Cambridge.
↑ Ordination Record: Pretyman, George in "CCEd, the Clergy of the Church of England database" (Accessed online, 27 July 2015)
↑ Ordination Record: Pretyman, George in "CCEd, the Clergy of the Church of England database" (Accessed online, 27 July 2015)
↑ Hague (2005) p27
↑ Varley, E. A. (2004) "Maltby, Edward (1770–1859)", Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, Oxford University Press, accessed 11 Aug 2007 (subscription required)
↑ Appointment Record: Pretyman, George (at St Pauls Cathedral) in "CCEd, the Clergy of the Church of England database" (Accessed online, 27 July 2015)
↑ Appointment Record: Pretyman, George (at Lincoln) in "CCEd, the Clergy of the Church of England database" (Accessed online, 27 July 2015)
↑ Appointment Record: Pretyman, George (at Lincoln) in "CCEd, the Clergy of the Church of England database" (Accessed online, 27 July 2015)
↑ http://wesley.nnu.edu/john-wesley/the-letters-of-john-wesley/wesleys-letters-1790a
↑ Appointment Record: Pretyman, George (at Winchester) in "CCEd, the Clergy of the Church of England database" (Accessed online, 27 July 2015)
↑ UK CPI inflation numbers based on data available from Gregory Clark (2016), "The Annual RPI and Average Earnings for Britain, 1209 to Present (New Series)" MeasuringWorth.
↑ Dictionary of British Sculptors 1660-1851, Rupert Gunnis
↑ Gooding (2003)
↑ Lee, Sidney, ed. (1899). "Tomline, George Pretyman". Dictionary of National Biography. 57. London: Smith, Elder & Co.

Sources

Obituary:
- The Gentleman's Magazine, 1st ser., 98/1 (1828), 201–4

Burke, Sir Bernard (1863). A Genealogical and Heraldic Dictionary of the Landed Gentry of Great Britain and Ireland. London: Harrison. pp. p.1518. Retrieved 2007-08-22.
Cassan, S. H. (1827). The Lives of the Bishops of Winchester (2 vols. ed.).
"Tomline, Sir George Pretyman". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/27520. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.) (Accessed 27 July 2015)
— (2005) "Sir George Pretyman-Tomline: Ecclesiastical Politician and Theological Polemicist" in Gibson, W. & Ingham, R. G. (eds.) (2005). Religious Identities in Britain, 1660-1832. Ashgate. ISBN 0-7546-3209-1.
Gooding, Roy (2003). "George Tomline & Relatives". Orwell Astronomical Society. Archived from the original on 2 August 2005. Retrieved 2007-08-22.
Hague, William (2005). William Pitt the Younger. HarperPerennial. ISBN 978-0-00-714720-5.
Nockles, P. B. (1994). The Oxford Movement in Context: Anglican High Churchmanship, 1760–1857.
Payne, R. (2008) 'George Pretyman, bishop of Lincoln, and the University of Cambridge 1787–1801', CCEd Online Journal 3, 2008
— (2010). Ecclesiastical Patronage in England, 1770-1801: A Study of Four Family and Political Networks. Mellen Press. ISBN 0-7734-3789-4.
Sack, J. J. (1993). From Jacobite to Conservative: Reaction and Orthodoxy in Britain, c. 1760–1832.

Church of England titles
Preceded by Thomas Thurlow	Dean of St Paul's 1787–1820	Succeeded by William Van Mildert
Preceded by Thomas Thurlow	Bishop of Lincoln 1787–1820	Succeeded by George Pelham
Preceded by Brownlow North	Bishop of Winchester 1820–1827	Succeeded by Charles Sumner

Bishops of Winchester

Early Medieval	Birinus, Bishop of Dorchester Agilbert, Bishop of Dorchester Wine Leuthere Hædde Daniel Hunfrith Cyneheard Æthelheard Ecgbald Dudd Cyneberht Ealhmund Wigthegn Herefrith (disputed) Eadmund (disputed) Eadhun Helmstan Swithun Ealhferth Tunbeorht Denewulf Frithestan Beornstan/Byrnstan ÆlfheahI ÆlfsigeI Beorhthelm ÆthelwoldI ÆlfheahII

High Medieval	Cenwulf ÆthelwoldII ÆlfsigeII Ælfwine Stigand Walkelin William Giffard Henry of Blois Richard of Ilchester Godfrey de Luci Richard Poore Peter des Roches Ralph Neville William de Raley Aymer de Valence Andrew of London William de Taunton John Gervais Nicholas of Ely Robert Burnell Richard de la More John of Pontoise

Late Medieval	Henry Woodlock John Sandale Rigaud of Assier John de Stratford Adam Orleton William Edington William of Wykeham Henry Beaufort William Waynflete Peter Courtenay Thomas Langton

Early modern	Richard Foxe Thomas Wolsey Stephen Gardiner John Ponet Stephen Gardiner John White Robert Horne John Watson Thomas Cooper William Wickham William Day Thomas Bilson James Montague Lancelot Andrewes Richard Neile Walter Curle Brian Duppa George Morley Peter Mews Jonathan Trelawny Charles Trimnell Richard Willis Benjamin Hoadly John Thomas Brownlow North

Late modern	George Pretyman Tomline Charles Sumner Samuel Wilberforce Harold Browne Anthony Thorold Randall Davidson Herbert Ryle Edward Talbot Frank Woods Cyril Garbett Mervyn Haigh Alwyn Williams Falkner Allison John Taylor Colin James Michael Scott-Joynt Tim Dakin

Bishops of Lincoln

Leicester	Cuthwine Wilfrid Headda Aldwine Torhthelm Eadbeorht Unwona Wernbeorht Hræthhun Ealdred Ceobred see removed to Dorchester

Dorchester	Harlardus Wigmund Coenwulf Wynsige Æthelwold Oscytel united see: Leofwine Alnothus Æscwig Ælfhelm Eadnoth (I) Æthelric Eadnoth (II) Ulfus Normanus Wulfwig Remigius de Fécamp

High Medieval	Remigius de Fécamp Robert Bloet Alexander Robert de Chesney Geoffrey Plantagenet Walter de Coutances Hugh of Avalon William de Blois Hugh of Wells Robert Grosseteste Henry of Lexington Richard of Gravesend Oliver Sutton

Late Medieval	John Dalderby Anthony Bek Henry Burghersh Thomas Bek John Gynwell John Bokyngham Henry Beaufort Philip Repyngdon Richard Fleming William Grey William Alnwick Marmaduke Lumley John Chadworth Thomas Rotherham John Russell

Early modern	William Smyth Thomas Wolsey William Atwater John Longland Henry Holbeach John Taylor John White Thomas Watson Nicholas Bullingham Thomas Cooper William Wickham William Chaderton William Barlow Richard Neile George Montaigne John Williams Thomas Winniffe Robert Sanderson Benjamin Lany William Fuller Thomas Barlow Thomas Tenison James Gardiner William Wake Edmund Gibson Richard Reynolds John Thomas John Green Thomas Thurlow

Late modern	George Pretyman (later Pretyman Tomline) George Pelham John Kaye John Jackson Christopher Wordsworth Edward King Edward Hicks William Swayne Nugent Hicks Aylmer Skelton Leslie Owen Maurice Harland Kenneth Riches Simon Phipps Bob Hardy John Saxbee Christopher Lowson

St Paul's Cathedral

Deans

High Medieval	Wulman Ranulf Flambard (disputed) William de Mareni Ralph de Langford Hugh de Mareni Ralph de Diceto Alard de Burnham Gervase de Howbridge Robert de Watford Martin de Pattishall Geoffrey de Lucy William of Sainte-Mère-Église Henry de Cornhill Walter de Saleron Robert de Barton Peter de Newport Richard Talbot John de Ebulo Geoffrey de Fering John Chishull Hervey de Boreham Thomas Ingoldsthorpe Roger de La Legh William de Montfort Ralph Baldock

Late Medieval	Arnald Frangerius de Cantilupo John Sandale Richard Newport Roger Northburgh Vitalis de Testa John de Everdon Gilbert de Bruera Richard de Kilvington Walter de Alderbury Thomas Trilleck John de Appleby Thomas de Eure Thomas Stowe Thomas More Reginald Kentwood Thomas Lisieux Lawrence Booth William Say Roger Radclyffe Thomas Wynterbourne William Worsley

Early modern	Robert Sherborne John Colet Richard Pace Richard Sampson John Incent William May John Feckenham Henry Cole William May (again) Alexander Nowell John Overall Valentine Cary John Donne Thomas Winniffe Richard Steward Matthew Nicholas John Barwick William Sancroft Edward Stillingfleet John Tillotson William Sherlock Henry Godolphin Francis Hare Joseph Butler Thomas Secker John Hume Frederick Cornwallis Thomas Newton Thomas Thurlow

Late modern	George Pretyman Tomline William Van Mildert Charles Sumner Edward Copleston Henry Hart Milman Henry Longueville Mansel Richard William Church Robert Gregory William Inge Walter Matthews Martin Sullivan Alan Webster Eric Evans John Moses Graeme Knowles Michael Colclough (acting) David Ison

Clergy
(current)

Mark Oakley (Canon Chancellor)
Michael Hampel (Canon Precentor)
Philippa Boardman (Canon Treasurer)
Tricia Hillas (Canon Pastor)
Rosemary Morton (Minor Canon, Succentor & Senior Cardinal)
James Milne (Minor Canon, Sacrist & Junior Cardinal)
Helen O'Sullivan (Priest Vicar & Chaplain)

Category
Commons

Authority control	WorldCat Identities VIAF: 47111800 LCCN: n85067447 ISNI: 0000 0000 8125 9188 GND: 100567371 SUDOC: 147034493

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