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Gideon Gibson Jr., (1731–1792) A mulatto regulator of the back country of South Carolina and an early proponent of Vigilantism. He was the great grandfather of Randall Lee Gibson, a 'white' confederate general.[1]
The American Revolution
"Tory Refugees on their way to Canada" by Howard Pyle
The principal opposition to the Stamp Act proposed by the British colonial authorities in 1764 and later repealed began in Massachusetts colony,[2] which called on the other colonies to convene a convention of deputies in New York. South Carolina became the first colony to second that motion, and the first to advance towards a continental union, long before the other colonies.[3] This shift in popular opinion was of considerable influence to the other colonies who were divided in their opinions of the propriety of such a cause. The war of the Regulation in North Carolina and Gibsons rebellion in the south were the results of ordinary people defending what was seen as a just cause, not just of far away justice, but against taxation without representation.[4] When the colonial government in Charlestown rejected the petitions for redress of their courts by the bush country landowners, the seeds of the american revolution were planted and by 1771 the tax skirmishes and imprisonment of various patriots had hardened into a rejection of British rule.[5][6] Loyalist Governor Lord Charles Montagu attempted to enforce the 1765 Stamp Act in South Carolina which made him unpopular with the local colonials, He tried to be favorable with the colonials and American rebels, selectively issuing pardons for some of the Regulators. However, it was not enough.(excerpted from Lord Montagu.) By 1771 He had issued a full pardon for any actions taken by the regulators in his state (with the notable exception of Gideon Gibson Jr.) and this led to his departure during the American Revolution.[7] Gibson was from the landowner class and had slaves, when the British offered emancipation of the rebel slaves, this caused some regulators of both North and South Carolina to sit out the war. Lord Dunmore's Proclamation was the first mass emancipation of enslaved people in United States history. This led to Black Loyalists relocating to Nova Scotia settlements where the crown gave to each 200 acres (81 Ha) of land. Opposition to these freed slaves came from nearby Shelburne where slave holders from New York had also relocated. Black Loyalists found the northern climate and frontier conditions in Nova Scotia difficult and were subject to discrimination. In July 1784, Black Loyalists in Shelburne were targeted in the Shelburne Riots, the first recorded race riots in Canadian history.[8] The Crown officials granted land to the Black Loyalists of lesser quality and that were more rocky and less fertile than that given to White Loyalists. In 1792, the British government offered Black Loyalists the chance to resettle in a new colony in Sierra Leone,. The Sierra Leone Company was established to manage its development. Half of the Black Loyalists in Nova Scotia, nearly 1200, departed the country and moved permanently to Sierra Leone. They set up the community of "Freetown".[9]
See also
References
