Gilbert's honeyeater

Gilbert's honeyeater
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Aves
Order: Passeriformes
Family: Meliphagidae
Genus: Melithreptus
Species: M. chloropsis
Binomial name
Melithreptus chloropsis
(Gould, 1844)
Synonyms
  • Melithreptus whitlocki Mathews, 1909

Gilbert's honeyeater (Melithreptus chloropsis), also known as the Swan River honeyeater or western white-naped honeyeater, is a passerine bird of the honeyeater family Meliphagidae native to south-western Australia.

Taxonomy and naming

Gilbert's honeyeater was originally described by John Gould in 1844, who gave it the species name chloropsis from the Ancient Greek terms chloros "green-yellow" and opsis "eye".[1] Gregory Mathews coined the name Melithreptus whitlocki in 1909.[2]

Treated as a subspecies of the white-naped honeyeater for many years, it was found in a 2010 study to have diverged early on from the lunatus complex. It forms a superspecies with the white-naped and black-headed honeyeaters.[3] It is a member of the genus Melithreptus with several species, of similar size and (apart from the brown-headed honeyeater) black-headed appearance, in the honeyeater family Meliphagidae. The next closest relative outside the genus is the much larger but similarly marked blue-faced honeyeater.[4] More recently, DNA analysis has shown honeyeaters to be related to the Pardalotidae (pardalotes), Acanthizidae (Australian warblers, scrubwrens, thornbills, etc.), and the Maluridae (Australian fairy-wrens) in a large Meliphagoidea superfamily.[5]

Gould called it the Swan River honeyeater, and noted the species was known by various local indigenous names, including Jingee (lowland), Bun-geen (mountains), and Berril-berril (Swan River).[6] Proposed modern spellings are djinki, bongin and berilberil respectively. Djiok is a name recorded from the vicinity of Albany.[7]

Description

A mid-sized honeyeater, it is olive green above and white below, with a black head, nape and throat and a white patch over the eye and a white crescent-shaped patch on the nape, thinner than other species. The bill is brownish-black and the eyes a dull red.[6]

Distribution and habitat

The honeyeater is found in the south-west corner of Western Australia where it ranges from Moora in the north, through the Jarrah forest belt to Broomehill, the Stirling Range and along the coast to Stokes Inlet.[8] It inhabits dry sclerophyll forests that are dominated by jarrah, marri or karri inland, tuart on the coastal plain,[9] or wandoo woodland.[10]

The species has become less common on the Swan coastal plain, and vanished from Kellerberrin.[10]

It is generally sedentary or locally nomadic.[11]

Behaviour

Feeding

It forages in the foliage and canopy of eucalypts for insects and nectar.[6]

Breeding

The cup-shaped nests are located in the branches of trees, often hidden in foliage.[6] The nests are usually made of bark fibres, rootlets and dry grasses at a height of up to 10 m above the ground. The clutch is of two, occasionally three, pale buff eggs marked with reddish-brown and grey spots and blotches, 18 x 144 mm in size. Eggs may be found from November to January; the incubation period is 14 days, with the young remaining in the nest about another 14.[8]

Vocalisations

The honeyeater has a harsh, grating call as well as a continuously uttered, single-noted 'tsip'.[8]

References

  1. ↑ Liddell, Henry George; Scott, Robert (1980). A Greek-English Lexicon (Abridged Edition). United Kingdom: Oxford University Press. pp. 785, 804. ISBN 0-19-910207-4.
  2. ↑ Mathews, Gregory M. (1909). "Untitled". Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club. 25: 24.
  3. ↑ Toon A, Hughes JM, Joseph L (2010). "Multilocus analysis of honeyeaters (Aves: Meliphagidae) highlights spatio-temporal heterogeneity in the influence of biogeographic barriers in the Australian monsoonal zone". Molecular Ecology. 19 (14): 2980–94. doi:10.1111/j.1365-294X.2010.04730.x. PMID 20609078.
  4. ↑ Driskell, A.C., Christidis, L (2004). "Phylogeny and evolution of the Australo-Papuan honeyeaters (Passeriformes, Meliphagidae)". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 31 (3): 943–960. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2003.10.017. PMID 15120392.
  5. ↑ Barker, F.K., Cibois, A., Schikler, P., Feinstein, J., and Cracraft, J (2004). "Phylogeny and diversification of the largest avian radiation". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. USA. 101 (30): 11040–11045. doi:10.1073/pnas.0401892101. PMC 503738Freely accessible. PMID 15263073.
  6. 1 2 3 4 Gould, John (2009). Handbook to the Birds of Australia. BiblioBazaar, LLC. pp. 570–71. ISBN 1-116-37820-5.
  7. ↑ Abbott, Ian (2009). "Aboriginal names of bird species in south-west Western Australia, with suggestions for their adoption into common usage" (PDF). Conservation Science Western Australia Journal. 7 (2): 213–78 [261].
  8. 1 2 3 Serventy, D.L.; Whittell, H.M. (1976). Birds of Western Australia. Perth: University of Western Australia Press. p. 415. ISBN 0-85564-101-0.
  9. ↑ Higgins 2001, p. 935.
  10. 1 2 Higgins 2001, p. 936.
  11. ↑ Higgins 2001, p. 937.

Cited text

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