Government Center, Boston

View of Government Center from the Custom House Tower

Government Center is an area in downtown Boston, centered on City Hall Plaza. Formerly the site of Scollay Square, it is now the location of Boston City Hall, courthouses, state and federal office buildings, and a major MBTA station.

Major structures

Boston City Hall

Boston City Hall

The dominant feature of Government Center is the enormous, imposing, and brutalist Boston City Hall,[1] designed by Kallmann McKinnell Woods and built in the 1960s as part of Boston's first large Urban Renewal scheme. While considered by some to have architectural merit, the building is not universally admired, and is sharply unpopular among locals. Furthermore, it is resented for having replaced the Victorian architecture of Boston's Scollay Square,[2] a lively commercial district that lapsed into squalor in the Twentieth Century.[3]

John Fitzgerald Kennedy Federal Building

John Fitzgerald Kennedy Federal Building is a United States government office building. It is located across City Hall Plaza from Boston City Hall. An example of 1960s modern architecture, it consists of two 26 floor towers that sit on-axis to each other and a low rise building of four floors that connects to the two towers via an enclosed glass corridor. The two towers stand at a height of 118 metres (387 ft).

City Hall Plaza

City Hall Plaza, circa 1968

City Hall Plaza is not a well-loved space, either. As Bill Wasik wrote in 2006, "It is as if the space were calibrated to render futile any gathering, large or small, attempted anywhere on its arid expanse. All the nearby buildings seem to be facing away, making the plaza's 11 acres (45,000 m2) of concrete and brick feel like the world's largest back alley. … [It is] so devoid of benches, greenery, and other signposts of human hospitality that even on the loveliest fall weekend, when the Common and Esplanade and other public spaces teem with Bostonians at leisure, the plaza stands utterly empty save for the occasional skateboarder…"[4] The plaza is often colloquially referred to as "the brick desert."[5]

Government Service Center

Government Service Center

Another very large Brutalist building at Government Center, less prominently located and thus less well known than City Hall, is the Government Service Center, designed by architect Paul Rudolph. The building is unfinished as the tall central tower in the original plan was never built. In the mid-1990s, the adjacent space was filled with the Edward W. Brooke Courthouse, which houses a division of the Boston Municipal Court. This irregularly shaped, sloping lot was the last parcel to be developed of the Government Center urban renewal plan; in the interim the space was used as surface parking. In a 2014 article, architectural historian Timothy M. Rohan praised the building for having "a wondrous interior courtyard like something from baroque Rome, a space that even in its incomplete and neglected state contrasts sharply with nearby City Hall and its alienating plaza." [6]

Government Center Garage

This 2,300-space privately owned garage[7] was built as part of the Government Center urban renewal project. In 2016, the Boston Redevelopment Authority gave final approval[8] for the replacement of the garage with "Bulfinch Crossing,"[9] a 2.4 million square foot mixed-use development[10][11] to be designed by Pelli Clarke Pelli Architects.[12]

Center Plaza

Center Plaza

This 720,000 square foot office and retail structure, built by developer Norman B. Leventhal, is across Cambridge Street from City Hall Plaza. In 2014, the property was sold[13] by the Blackstone Group to Shorenstein.[14] Shorenstein has proposed a $25 million renovation[15] designed "to add some new buzz" to the building.[16] The renovation was approved by the Boston Redevelopment Authority in 2016.[17]

Nearby public buildings

Several state and federal government buildings near Government Center were not built as part of the urban renewal project. These include the Massachusetts State House, the McCormack Building, the Saltonstall Building,[18] the Suffolk County Courthouse, and the Thomas P. O'Neill Jr. Federal Building. Some of these buildings are considered, in Wikipedia listings and other sources, to be located in Government Center.

Geography and transportation

Government Center is located between the North End and Beacon Hill neighborhoods.

Boundaries

Government Center does not have official boundaries. The Boston Redevelopment Authority map of Boston neighborhoods[19] shows most of the Government Center area as part of the Downtown neighborhood, and the rest as part of the West End.

Other maps and documents show a variety of different boundaries for Government Center. The Boston Zoning Code has a map called "1H Government Center/Markets District."[20] The map shows the Government Center portion of the district extending as far west as the Massachusetts State House and including all of the major structures listed in this article. The Boston Redevelopment Authority map of "Urban Renewal Areas"[21] includes a somewhat smaller area that excludes the McCormack and Saltonstall Buildings.

By contrast, a search for "Government Center" on Google Maps[22] yields a map showing an even smaller area that is bounded by Court, Cambridge, Sudbury, and Congress Streets. The AirBnB neighborhood map[23] shows a somewhat larger area than the Google Map.

Mass transit

Government Center station upon reopening in March 2016

Scollay Square station opened as part of the third phase of the Tremont Street Subway in September 1898, bringing subway service to the area with a stone headhouse in the center of the square. Court Street station opened on the East Boston Tunnel in December 1904; it was closed in 1914 and replaced by a lower level (Scollay Under) to the Scollay Square station in 1916.[24] The station was rebuilt in 1963 as Government Center station with a low brick headhouse, and again from 2014-2016 with a large glass headhouse that dominates the south side of the plaza.[25] It serves as the transfer point between the MBTA's Blue and Green Lines.

Surroundings

Government Center is adjacent to historic Faneuil Hall and popular Quincy Market and very near the Old State House. It is two blocks away from the Rose Fitzgerald Kennedy Greenway, which was created as part of the Big Dig. Major city streets in the vicinity include Tremont, Congress, Cambridge, State, New Chardon, and Washington Streets. Hints of another street, Cornhill, still exist along one edge of City Hall Plaza. Two of the neighborhood's few remaining old buildings, the Sears' Crescent and Sears' Block, face the plaza and follow the original curve of Cornhill. A veteran's shelter[26] still has an entrance with a Cornhill address.

See also

History of the site

References

Notes

  1. ↑ Southworth & Southworth. AIA Guide to Boston, 3rd ed. 2008; p.52.
  2. ↑ "History of Scollay Square". BambinoMusical.com. Retrieved 13 April 2016.
  3. ↑ Mapping Boston, Krieger, Alex, ed., MIT Press 1999, p.163-165. Lost Boston, by Jane Holtz Kay, p.110.
  4. ↑ Wasik, Bill (2009). And Then There's This: How Stories Live and Die in Viral Culture. Viking. ISBN 978-0670020843.
  5. ↑ Ulam, Alex. "Softening Boston's City Hall". The Architect's Newspaper. Retrieved 13 April 2016.
  6. ↑ Rohan, Timothy M. (7 September 2014). "The dream behind Boston's forbidding Government Service Center". Boston Globe. Retrieved 17 September 2016.
  7. ↑ "Government Center Garage". Retrieved 13 April 2016.
  8. ↑ Logan, Tim (15 January 2016). "Government Center Garage to give way to two glass skyscrapers". Boston Globe. Retrieved 13 April 2016.
  9. ↑ "Bulfinch Crossing". HYM Investment Group. Retrieved 22 June 2016.
  10. ↑ Ross, Casey (23 June 2011). "Ambitious plan for Government Center Garage site". Boston Globe. Retrieved 13 April 2016.
  11. ↑ "Government Center Garage Redevelopment". BostonRedevelopmentAuthority.org. Retrieved 13 April 2016.
  12. ↑ "Government Center Garage Redevelopment". Pelli Clarke Pelli Architects. Retrieved 13 April 2016.
  13. ↑ Grillo, Thomas (9 January 2014). "Blackstone's Equity Office sells 1-3 Center Plaza for $307 million". Boston Business Journal. Retrieved 16 April 2016.
  14. ↑ "Center Plaza". shorenstein.com. Retrieved 16 April 2016.
  15. ↑ "Center Plaza". Retrieved 27 August 2016.
  16. ↑ Carlock, Catherine (27 July 2015). "Shorenstein's planned $25M renovation of Center Plaza in downtown Boston". Boston Business Journal. Retrieved 16 April 2016.
  17. ↑ "Center Plaza". Boston Redevelopment Authority. Retrieved 16 April 2016.
  18. ↑ "The Saltonstall Building". Restoring the Urban Fabric. Matthew Lawlor. Retrieved 21 April 2016.
  19. ↑ "Boston Neighborhoods". BostonRedevelopmentAuthority.org. Retrieved 21 April 2016.
  20. ↑ "Map 1H Government Center/Markets District". Boston Redevelopment Authority. Retrieved 12 November 2016.
  21. ↑ "Urban Renewal Areas". BostonRedevelopmentAuthority.org. Retrieved 21 April 2016.
  22. ↑ "Government Center". Google Maps. Retrieved 16 April 2016.
  23. ↑ "Government Center". AirBnB. Retrieved 17 April 2016.
  24. ↑ Belcher, Jonathan (19 March 2016). "Changes to Transit Service in the MBTA district 1964-2016" (PDF). NETransit. Retrieved 21 March 2016.
  25. ↑ Moskowitz, Eric (21 March 2016). "Government Center reopens". Boston Globe. Retrieved 21 March 2016.
  26. ↑ "New England Center and Home for Veterans". Retrieved 21 April 2016.

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