Guimpe

Portrait of Cecilia Gozzadini wearing a guimp, c.1530, by Parmigianino

The guimpe^[1] (from the French guimpe) or chemisette was a garment which developed in medieval Western Europe. It was a silk or linen kerchief, sometimes sheer, sometimes starched, which covered the neck and shoulders of the wearer, sometimes the entire chest as well.^[2] It was worn as part of the garb of a woman of means, both to show social standing—due to the added upkeep it required, and to demonstrate the woman's sense of modesty. For nuns it would be worn in combination with a coif and wimple.

St. Marianne Cope, O.S.F., a 19th-century Franciscan Sister, wearing a traditional religious habit, including a large guimpe

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  Portraits of Italian women of the 1530s wearing guimps

As women in Renaissance Italy began to leave their heads uncovered, and to expose their shoulders, the guimpe slowly fell into disuse. Its use continued solely in monasteries, as part of a nun's religious habit. As women's religious Orders began to adopt contemporary attire, it has largely disappeared from these circles as well.

From the early nineteenth century onwards, the term guimpe also described a form of short under-blouse or chemisette which was worn under a pinafore or low cut dress to fill in the neckline and, if sleeved, cover the arms.^[3]

References

1. [wikt:guimpe]
2. 20,000 Years of Fashion, pp 219-220
3. Stamper, Anita; Condra, Jill (2010). Clothing through American history : the Civil War through the Gilded Age, 1861-1899. Santa Barbara, Calif.: Greenwood. p. 91. ISBN 9780313335518.