Gwen Verdon

Gwen Verdon
Born	Gwyneth Evelyn Verdon January 13, 1925 Culver City, California, U.S.
Died	October 18, 2000 (aged 75) Woodstock, Vermont, U.S.
Occupation	Actress, dancer
Years active	1936–2000
Spouse(s)	James Henaghan (1942–1947) Bob Fosse (1960–1987)
Children	2

Gwyneth Evelyn “Gwen” Verdon (January 13, 1925 – October 18, 2000) was an American actress and dancer who won four Tony awards for her musical comedy performances and served as uncredited choreographers assistant and specialty dance coach for both theater and film. With flaming red hair and a quaver in her voice, Verdon was a critically acclaimed performer on Broadway in the 1950s, 1960s, and 1970's. Having originated many roles in musicals she is also strongly identified with her second husband, director–choreographer Bob Fosse, remembered as the dancer–collaborator–muse for whom he choreographed much of his work and as the guardian of his legacy after his death.

Early life

Verdon was born in Culver City, California, the second child of Gertrude Lilian (née Standring; October 24, 1896 – October 16, 1956) and Joseph William Verdon (December 31, 1896 – June 23, 1978), British immigrants to the United States by way of Canada.^[1] Her brother was William Farrell Verdon (August 1, 1923–June 10, 1991). The Verdon family could be described as "showpeople." Her father was an electrician at MGM Studios, and her mother was a former vaudevillian of the Denishawn dance troupe, as well as a dance teacher.^[2][3]

As a toddler, she had rickets, which left her legs so badly misshapen she was called "Gimpy" by other children and spent her early years in orthopedic boots and rigid leg braces. Her mother put the three-year-old in dance classes. Further ballet training strengthened her legs and improved her carriage.

By the time she was six, she was already dancing on stage. She went on to study multiple dance forms, ranging from tap, jazz, ballroom and flamenco to Balinese. She even added juggling to her repertoire. At age 11, she appeared as a solo ballerina in the musical romance film The King Steps Out (1936), directed by Josef von Sternberg and starring Grace Moore and Franchot Tone. She attended Hamilton High School in Los Angeles and studied under famed balletomane Ernest Belcher. While in high school, she was cast in a revival of Show Boat.

Verdon shocked her parents and instructors when she abandoned her budding career aged 17 to elope with reporter James Henaghan in 1942. In 1945, she appeared as a dancer in the movie musical The Blonde From Brooklyn. After her divorce, she entrusted her son Jimmy to the care of her parents.

Career

Early on, Verdon found a job as assistant to choreographer Jack Cole, whose work was respected by both Broadway and Hollywood movie studios. During her five-year employment with Cole, she took small roles in movie musicals as a "specialty dancer". She also taught dance to stars such as Jane Russell, Fernando Lamas, Lana Turner, Rita Hayworth, Betty Grable and Marilyn Monroe.

Verdon started out on Broadway as a "gypsy", going from one chorus line to another. Her breakthrough role finally came when choreographer Michael Kidd cast her as the second female lead in Cole Porter's musical Can-Can (1953), starring French prima donna Lilo. Out-of-town reviewers hailed Verdon's interpretation of Eve in the Garden of Eden ballet as a performance that upstaged the show's star, who jealously demanded Verdon's role be cut to only two featured dance numbers. With her role reduced to little more than an ensemble part, Verdon formally announced her intention to quit by the time the show premiered on Broadway. But her opening-night Garden of Eden performance was so well received that the audience screamed her name until the startled actress was brought from her dressing room in her bathrobe to take a curtain call. Verdon received a pay increase and her first Tony Award for her triumphant performance.

With her short shock of flaming red hair, exquisite body of a pin-up girl and a guileless vulnerability on stage and off, Verdon was considered the best dancer on Broadway in the 1950s and 1960s. That reputation solidified during her next show, George Abbott's Damn Yankees (1955), based on the novel The Year the Yankees Lost the Pennant. She would forever be identified with her role as the vampish Lola, and it was on this show that she first worked with Bob Fosse as her choreographer. In the story, Verdon's Lola is a woman who was once "the ugliest woman in Providence, Rhode Island" but sold herself to the Devil to be the beauty we see in the play. The Devil (played by a wryly comic Ray Walston) convinces a baseball fan to sell his soul so he can play for the Washington Senators and win the league pennant in the playoffs. The Devil then employs the seductive Lola to keep the guy ("Joe") from escaping his grasp. The hitch is that Lola falls for the guy and has to choose between her love for him and her beauty pact with the Devil. The musical ran for 1019 performances. Vernon won another Tony and went to Hollywood to repeat her role in the 1958 movie version Damn Yankees, memorably singing "Whatever Lola wants, Lola gets". (Fosse can be seen partnered deliciously with her in the original mambo duet "Who's Got the Pain".)

Another Tony came when Verdon memorably played a role associated with Greta Garbo, Eugene O'Neill's Anna Christie, the hard-luck girl fleeing from her past as a prostitute, in the musical New Girl in Town. When Fosse directed as well as choreographed his first Broadway musical, it was Redhead, for which Verdon won her fourth Tony. In 1960, Fosse and Verdon wed.

In 1966, Verdon returned to the stage in the role of Charity in Sweet Charity, which like many of her earlier Broadway triumphs was choreographed and directed by husband Fosse. The show is based on Federico Fellini's screenplay for Nights of Cabiria. But whereas Fellini's black-and-white Italian film concerns the romantic ups and downs of an ever-hopeful prostitute, the musical makes the central character a hoofer-for-hire at a Times Square dance hall. The trademark Fosse showmanship, a dynamite musical score and theatregoers' affection for the exuberant, 41-year-old Verdon put the show over, despite Fellini's source material straining against the sanitized, Broadway-ized storyline. It was followed by a movie version starring Shirley MacLaine as Charity, featuring Ricardo Montalban, Sammy Davis, Jr. and Chita Rivera, with Fosse at the helm of his very first film as director and choreographer. Characteristically generous, Verdon helped with the choreography. The numbers include the famed "Big Spender", the fast-paced "Rhythm of Life", the witty "If My Friends Could See Me Now" and "I'm a Brass Band", in which MacLaine's Charity marched down the middle of Manhattan's Wall Street district. Verdon would also travel to Berlin to help Fosse with Cabaret, the musical film for which he won an Academy Award for Best Director.

Although estranged as a couple, Verdon and Fosse continued to collaborate on projects such as Chicago (1975) (in which she originated the role of murderess Roxie Hart) and the musical Dancin' (1978), as well as Fosse's autobiographical movie All That Jazz (1979). The helpmeet/peer played by Leland Palmer in that film is based on the role Verdon played in Fosse's real life. She also developed a close working relationship with Fosse's partner, Broadway dancer Ann Reinking, and she instructed for Reinking's musical theatre classes. Reinking can be seen in All That Jazz playing the protagonist's partner, as she was in Fosse's real life. She, as much as Verdon, would become responsible for keeping Fosse's trademark choreography alive after Fosse's death. Reinking played Roxie Hart in the highly successful Broadway revival of Chicago that opened in 1996. She choreographed the dances "in the style of Bob Fosse" for that revival.

After originating the role of Roxie opposite Chita Rivera in Chicago, Verdon focused on film acting, playing character roles in movies such as The Cotton Club (1984), Cocoon (1985) and Cocoon: The Return (1988). She continued to teach dance and musical theater and to act. She received three Emmy Award nominations for appearances on Magnum, P.I. (1988), Dream On (1993) and Homicide: Life on the Street (1993). Verdon appeared as Alice's mother in the Woody Allen movie Alice (1990) and as Ruth in Marvin's Room (1996), co-starring Meryl Streep, Diane Keaton, and Hume Cronyn. In 1999, Verdon served as artistic consultant on a plotless Broadway musical designed to showcase examples of classic Fosse choreography. Called simply Fosse, the revue was conceived and directed by Richard Maltby Jr and Ann Reinking and choreographed by Reinking and Chet Walker. Verdon's daughter Nicole received a "special thanks" credit. The show received a Tony for best musical.

In 1997 Verdon appeared in an episode of Walker Texas Ranger as Maisie Whitman. She later reprised the role in 1999.

Verdon played Alora in the movie Walking Across Egypt (1999) and appeared in the film Bruno, released in 2000. Verdon received a total of four Tonys, for best supporting actress for Can-Can (1953) and best leading actress for Damn Yankees (1955), New Girl in Town (1957) and Redhead (1959), a murder-mystery musical. She also won a Grammy Award for the cast recording of Redhead.

Gwen Verdon was inducted into the American Theatre Hall of Fame in 1981.^[4] In 1998, she was awarded the National Medal of Arts.^[5]

Personal life

Verdon had two husbands, tabloid reporter James Henaghan (married 1942, divorced 1947) and Bob Fosse (married 1960, his death 1987). She and Henaghan had one son, Jim Henaghan (born 1943); she and Fosse had a daughter, Nicole Fosse (born 1963). Fosse's extramarital affairs put a strain on their marriage and by 1971 they were separated. They never divorced. She held him in her arms as he suffered a fatal heart attack in his room at the Willard Hotel as the show Sweet Charity was beginning nearby. He was taken to George Washington University Hospital, where he was pronounced dead. ^[6]

She was a cat fancier, and had up to six cats at one time, with names such as "Feets Fosse", "Junie Moon", and "Tidbits Tumbler Fosse".^[7]

Verdon died in her sleep in 2000 of a heart attack at the home of her daughter, Nicole, in Woodstock, Vermont,^[8] at the age of 75. At 8 p.m. on the night she died, all marquee lights on Broadway were dimmed in a tribute to the actress.^[6] Her remains were cremated.

Filmography

Film

Year	Title	Role	Notes
1936	The King Steps Out	Specialty Ballerina	Uncredited
1943	Hoosier Holiday	Cheerleader	Uncredited
1945	The Blonde from Brooklyn	Girl in Nightclub	Uncredited
1951	On the Riviera	Specialty Dancer	Uncredited
1951	David and Bathsheba	Specialty Dancer	Uncredited
1951	Meet Me After the Show	Sappho	Uncredited
1952	Dreamboat	Girl	Uncredited
1952	The Merry Widow	Specialty Can-Can Dancer	Uncredited
1953	The I Don't Care Girl	Specialty Dancer	Uncredited
1953	The Mississippi Gambler	Voodoo Dancer	Uncredited
1953	The Farmer Takes a Wife	Abigail	Uncredited
1955	Gentlemen Marry Brunettes	Specialty Dancer	Uncredited
1958	Damn Yankees	Lola	Nominated—BAFTA Award for Most Promising Newcomer to Film
1978	Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band	Our Guests at Heartland
1982	Creepshow	Voice of Lenora Castonmeyer
1983	Legs	Maureen Comly	Television movie
1984	The Cotton Club	Tish Dwyer
1985	Cocoon	Bess McCarthy	Nominated—Saturn Award for Best Supporting Actress
1987	Nadine	Vera
1988	Cocoon: The Return	Bess McCarthy Selwyn
1990	Alice	Alice's mother
1996	Marvin's Room	Ruth	Nominated—Screen Actors Guild Award for Outstanding Performance by a Cast in a Motion Picture Nominated—Screen Actors Guild Award for Outstanding Performance by a Female Actor in a Supporting Role
1999	Walking Across Egypt	Alora
2000	Bruno	Mrs. Drago

Television

Year	Title	Role	Notes
1973	The $10,000 Pyramid	Celebrity Guest	Week of October 22-26, playing against Godfrey Cambridge[9]
1981	M*A*S*H	Brandy Doyle	Episode: "That's Show Biz"
1982	Fame	Melinda MacNeil	Episode: "Come One, Come All"
1985	Trapper John, M.D.	Ms. Taylor	Episode: "All the King's Horses"
1985–1988	Magnum, P.I.	Katherine Peterson	5 episodes Nominated—Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Guest Actress in a Drama Series
1986	The Equalizer	Kelly Sterling	Episode: "Unnatural Causes"
1986–1988	Webster	Aunt Charlotte	3 episodes
1987	Hotel	Iris Lloyd	Episode: "Second Thoughts"
1993	Homicide: Life on the Street	Jessie Doohen	Episode: "Ghost of a Chance" Nominated—Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Guest Actress in a Drama Series
1993	Key West	Sister Grace	Episode: "Gimme Shelter"
1994	The Cosby Mysteries	Yolanda	2 episodes
1997	Touched by an Angel	Lorraine McCully	Episode: "Missing in Action"
1997–1999	Walker, Texas Ranger	Maisie Whitman	2 episodes

Stage

Year	Title	Role	Notes
1950	Alive and Kicking	Herself	Musical Revue
1953	Can-Can	Claudine/Eve	Tony Award for Best Featured Actress in a Musical
1955	Damn Yankees	Lola	Tony Award for Best Actress in a Musical
1957	New Girl In Town	Anna	Tony Award for Best Actress in a Musical
1959	Redhead	Essie Whimple	Tony Award for Best Actress in a Musical
1966	Sweet Charity	Charity Hope Valentine	Nominated - Tony Award for Best Actress in a Musical
1972	Children! Children!	Helen Giles
1975	Chicago	Roxie Hart	Nominated - Tony Award for Best Actress in a Musical

Awards and nominations

Year	Award	Category	Work	Result	Notes
1953	Theatre World Awards		Can-Can	Won
1954	Tony Award	Best Featured Actress in a Musical	Can-Can	Won
1956		Best Actress in a Musical	Damn Yankees	Won
1958			New Girl in Town	Won	Tied with co-star Thelma Ritter
1959			Redhead	Won
	BAFTA Awards	Most Promising Newcomer to Leading Film Roles	Damn Yankees	Won	Titled What Lola Wants in UK
1966	Tony Awards	Best Actress in a Musical	Sweet Charity	Nominated
	Outer Critics Circle	Outstanding Performance		Won
1976	Tony Award	Best Actress in a Musical	Chicago	Nominated
1988	Primetime Emmy Awards	Outstanding Guest Actress in a Drama Series	Magnum, P.I.	Nominated
1993		Outstanding Guest Actress in a Comedy Series	Dream On	Nominated
		Outstanding Guest Actress in a Drama Series	Homicide: Life on the Street	Nominated
1997	Screen Actor Guild Awards	Outstanding Performance by a Female Actor in a Supporting Role	Marvin's Room	Nominated
		Outstanding Performance by a Cast in a Motion Picture		Nominated

References

1. Gwen Verdon obituary, ew.com; accessed June 24, 2015.
2. Gwen Verdon profile, filmreference.com; accessed June 24, 2015.
3. Birthdata, californiabirthindex.org; accessed June 24, 2015.
4. "26 Elected to the Theater Hall of Fame." The New York Times, March 3, 1981.
5. Lifetime Honors - National Medal of Arts, nea.gov; accessed June 24, 2015.
6. Molotsky, Irvin. "The New York Times" , originally published September 24, 1987, accessed December 14, 2015
7. Cat People, Bill Hayward, introduction by Rogers E. M. Whitaker. New York: Dolphin/Doubleday, 1978 (p. 70)
8. Kuchwara, Michael, The Associated Press, "Gwen Verdon, Broadway's Lola, Sweet Charity and Roxie Hart, dies at 75", October 19, 2000,
9. http://www.tv.com/shows/10000-pyramid/gwen-verdon-and-godfrey-cambridge-320523

External links

• Gwen Verdon at the Internet Broadway Database
  
• Gwen Verdon at the Internet Movie Database