Hazara virus
| Hazara virus | |
|---|---|
| Virus classification | |
| Group: | Group V ((-)ssRNA) |
| Order: | Unassigned |
| Family: | Bunyaviridae |
| Genus: | Nairovirus |
| Species: | Hazara virus |
In 1954 the Hazara virus, one of the 34 tick borne viruses of the genus Nairovirus, was discovered in Pakistan in the Ixodes tick native to that region.[1][2] Today this virus is studied in mice in an attempt to develop treatments for the highly pathogenic Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever virus.[3]
Characteristics
Hazara is part of the genus Nairovirus. Genetic information of the Hazara virus is in the form of RNA which codes for RNA polymerase and glycoproteins, and nucleoproteins.[4][5]
Transmission
The Hazara virus is spread by the Ixodes redikorzevi tick. The Ixodes redikorzevi tick is commonly found on a rodent inhabiting the Hazara District in West Pakistan.[1][2]
Signs and Symptoms
Hazara virus does not cause disease or symptoms in humans. In mice, symptoms mirror those of Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever virus.[6]
Diagnosis
Diagnosis in rodents is made by detecting Hazara virus antibodies in the serum.[2]
Clinical Importance
Hazara virus is similar to Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever virus. In mice infected with Hazara virus, cross protection from Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever virus has been observed. This virus has been shown to have antiviral effects. These findings are useful in the development of antiviral medications for all viruses in the genus Nairovirus, most notably the Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever virus.
References
- 1 2 Fatima Begum, C. L. Wisseman Jr. And J. Casals (1970-03-03). "Tick-Borne Viruses Of West Pakistan: Ii. Hazara Virus, A New Agent Isolated From Ixodes Redikorzeviticks From The Kaghan Valley, W. Pakistan". Aje.oxfordjournals.org. Retrieved 2015-03-18.
- 1 2 3 "Virology Journal | Full text | Inhibition of Hazara nairovirus replication by small interfering RNAs and their combination with ribavirin". Virologyj.com. Retrieved 2015-03-18.
- ↑ Dowall, SD; Findlay-Wilson, S; Rayner, E; Pearson, G; Pickersgill, J; Rule, A; Merredew, N; Smith, H; Chamberlain, J; Hewson, R (2014-11-12). "Hazara virus infection is lethal for adult type I interferon receptor-knockout mice and may act as a surrogate for infection with the human-pathogenic Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus". J. Gen. Virol. 93: 560–4. doi:10.1099/vir.0.038455-0. PMID 22090213.
- ↑ "Kupe Virus, a New Virus in the Family Bunyaviridae, Genus Nairovirus, Kenya" (PDF). Vir.sgmjkournals.org. Retrieved 2015-03-18.
- ↑ "Inhibition of Hazara nairovirus replication by small interfering RNAs and their combination with ribavirin". Virology Journal. 8: 249. 2011-05-21. doi:10.1186/1743-422X-8-249. Retrieved 2015-03-18.
- ↑ "Hazara virus infection is lethal for adult type I interferon receptor-knockout mice and may act as a surrogate for infection with the human-pathogenic Crimean–Congo hemorrhagic fever virus" (PDF). Vir.sgmjkournals.org. Retrieved 2015-03-18.